Skip to content
ontologydriven
Sign out

Dictionary

Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

brand en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /ˈbɹæːnd/ (Australia)
  • [bɹʷand] ~ [bɹʷänd] (Northern-England)
  • [bɾand] ~ [bɾänd] (Scotland, Wales)
  • [ˈbɹʷænd] without æ-raising
  • (US) audio
  • [ˈbɹʷænd] ~ [bɹʷand] (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [ˈbɹʷeːnd] ~ [ˈbɹʷɛːnd] æ-raising
  • [ˈbɹʷeə̯nd] ~ [ˈbɹʷɛə̯nd] æ-raising
  • /ˈbɾand/ (Scotland, Wales)
  • /ˈbɹand/ (British, Midlands, Southern, Standard)
  • /ˈbɹɛnd/ (New-Zealand)
  • /ˈbɹænd/ (Canada, General-American)
  • /ˈbɹænd/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [bɹʷɛnd] (New-Zealand)
  • [bɹʷand] (British, Midlands, Southern, Standard)
  • [ˈbɹʷæːnd] without æ-raising
  • /ˈbɹand/ (Northern-England)

Etymology

From Middle English brand, from Old English brand (“fire; flame; burning; torch; sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“flame; flaming; fire-brand; torch; sword”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; brew”). Cognate with Scots brand, West Frisian brân (“fire”), Dutch brand, German Brand, Danish brand, Swedish brand (“blaze, fire”), Icelandic brandur, French brand (< Germanic). More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *gorěti (“to burn”).

Meanings

  1. A mark or scar made by burning with a hot iron, especially to mark cattle or to classify the contents of a cask.
    • The indelible word "homosexual," like a brand that grew deeper and redder every day, became increasingly hard to conceal and to ignore. 1982 December 4, Mitzel, “A Sissy's Revenge”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 20, page 9:
    • “Well, in the first place, every cattleman has to have a brand to identify his stock. Without it no cattleman, nor half a hundred cowboys, if he had so many, could ever recognize all the cattle in a big herd. […]” 1914 January, Zane Grey, The Light of Western Stars: A Romance, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 59:
  2. A branding iron.
  3. The symbolic identity, represented by a name and/or a logo, which indicates a certain product or service to the public.
    • Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete. 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
    • The Amtrak brand revitalization approach represents one of the most ambitious, comprehensive, and systematic experiential marketing approaches I have ever seen. 1999, Bernd Schmitt, Experiential marketing, page 39:
    • In this way, every Citibanker becomes a brand manager and an ambassador of the Citibank brand. ... Indeed, the Citibank brand will "never sleep" 2000, Duane E. Knapp, The Brandmindset, page 67:
    • Mr. Lundgren claimed that Federated had conducted a focus group and the analysis showed that most people were either indifferent to the name change or preferred the Macy's brand. 2010, Gayle Soucek, Marshall Field's: The Store That Helped Build Chicago, page 136:
  4. A specific product, service, or provider so distinguished.
    • Some brands of breakfast cereal contain a lot of sugar.
  5. (broadly) Any specific type or variety of something; a distinct style or manner.
    • I didn’t appreciate his particular brand of flattery.
    • New Orleans brand sausage; Danish brand ham
    • [O]ne minute this "Jihadi John" was struggling to get by, and get accepted, in drizzly England, unemployed with a mortgage to pay and a chip on his shoulder, and the next he stands in brilliant Levantine sunlight, where everything is clear and etched, at the vanguard of some Sunni Risorgimento intent on subjecting the world to its murderous brand of Wahhabi Islam. 2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, p. 9]”, in The New York Times:
  6. The public image or reputation and recognized, typical style of an individual or group.
    • The Obama brand had taken a hit two months earlier, when he campaigned for Creigh Deeds in Virginia and Jon Corzine in New Jersey, only to see them both lose. 2011, Tom Bevan, Carl M. Cannon, Election 2012: The Battle Begins, Crown, →ISBN:
    • He unplugged my umbilical cord to take a leisurely swig, smirking, watching me turn blue before giving it back. My cardiologist told me that was impossible, but I'm still convinced. That's very on-brand for [my twin] Jamie. 2019, Sally Thorne, 99 Percent Mine: A Novel, HarperCollins, →ISBN:
    • Her brand is edgy, cosmopolitan, and out-of-the-box, so blogging is the perfect, ever-changing match for her. 2012, Start Your Own Personal Concierge Service, Entrepreneur Press, →ISBN, page 104:
    • “We made fun of [Jacob Rees-Mogg] in the paper” — that would be Cherwell, Oxford’s student-run weekly, where Kuper was a reporter — “all the while not realizing that we were helping to build his brand.” 2022 May 14, David Segal, quoting Simon Kuper, “An Outsider Takes an Inside Look at the Oxford ‘Chums’ Who Run the U.K.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
  7. A mark of infamy; stigma.
  8. Any minute fungus producing a burnt appearance in plants.
  9. (Northern-England, Scotland) A torch used for signaling.
  10. (obsolete, rare) A flame.
    • Goe to prepare the maryages what neede the torchis light? be holde the towres of troy do shyne with brandes that blase full bright. 1559, Jasper Heywood, transl., Troas:
    • Is yet againe thy brest enflamde, / with brande of venus might 1559, Jasper Heywood, transl., Troas:
  11. (obsolete, rare) A conflagration.
  12. (archaic, poetic) A piece of burning wood or peat, or a glowing cinder.
    • About three o'clock, we came to a recent camping place of the company of rangers: the brands of one of their fires were still smoking; so that, according to the opinion of Beatte, they could not have passed on above a day previously. 1835, [Washington Irving], chapter VI, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 47:
    • Or when amid the Grecians shippes, / he threw the brandes of fyre. 1559, Jasper Heywood, transl., Troas:
    • The fearful brands and bleezes of het fire. 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Eneados:
    • to burn something to brands and ashes
    • 1859-1890, John Gorham Palfrey, History of New England to the Revolutionary War Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof.
  13. (archaic) A sword.
    • Paradise, so late their happy seat, / Waved over by that flaming brand. 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
    • Then Childe Rowland out with his good brand, that never struck in vain, and off went the cow-herd’s head. 1890, Joseph Jacobs, “Childe Rowland”, in English Fairy Tales, page 120:
    • The shattering trumpet shrilleth high, / The hard brands shiver on the steel, / The splintered spear-shafts crack and fly, / The horse and rider reel: […] 1834 September (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “Sir Galahad”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza I, page 174:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
brands Number=Plur lexicographic

Deriveds

brandophile · brand parity · masterbrand · brand name · brandscaping · on brand · brand spankers · intrabrand · brandwash · levin brand · brand equity · brandstanding · store brand · consumer brand · superbrand · on-brand · brandalism · brand X · brand from the burning · counterbrand · multibrand · ghost brand · brandlike · brand loyalty · freeze brand · brand-iron · dust-brand · own brand · brandcasting · debrand · brand-name · personal brand · interbrand · brandification · name brand · brandwidth · private brand · brand-new · house brand · brandiron · brand spanking new · off brand · maverick brand · brand awareness · brandless · brand management · subbrand · brand linkage · brandjacking · nonbrand · brand goose · brandling · brandscape · brand avatar · brandwagon · brandmark · megabrand · branding moment · brand book · brand stretch · brand image · branding · microbrand

Relateds

brandish

Synonyms

proprietary name · trademark · marque · tradename · logo · repute · name · brand name · good name

Translations (205)

apw biditlid (mark made by burning) · sl znamka (name, symbol, logo) · tr dağ (mark made by burning) · ka ბრენდი (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · bg ма́рка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · pt marca (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · cs cejch (mark made by burning) · sh ма̀рка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · mk марка (name, symbol, logo) · ky марка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · nb brennmerke (mark made by burning) · ota داغ (mark made by burning) · nb varemerke (name, symbol, logo) · lt markė (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · kk марка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ro semn (prin ardere) (mark made by burning) · be галаве́шка (burning wood, ember) · uk тавро́ (mark made by burning) · ca marca (name, symbol, logo) · ba тамға (name, symbol, logo) · sl žig (mark made by burning) · bn মার্কা (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · uk клейно́ (mark made by burning) · fi tapa (style, manner) · uk знак (name, symbol, logo) · cu главнꙗ (burning wood, ember) · sv märke (name, symbol, logo) · ba тамға (mark made by burning) · sh žȋg (mark made by burning) · it tizzone (burning wood, ember) · az marka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sh ма̀рка (name, symbol, logo) · io sorto (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · be галаўня́ (burning wood, ember) · fa-ira دُروشُم (mark made by burning) · sk značka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · gl tizón (burning wood, ember) · es marca (name, symbol, logo) · it marca (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ro marcă (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · hi ब्रांड (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ru головня́ (burning wood, ember) · ba бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · fa-ira بِرَنْد (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · es marca comercial (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · is brennimark (mark made by burning) · uz marka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · pt tição (burning wood, ember) · uk голове́шка (burning wood, ember) · ko 브랜드 (name, symbol, logo) · pl marka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ms jenama (name, symbol, logo) · be кляймо́ (mark made by burning) · id merek (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · et bränd (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · cmn 品牌 (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ca marca (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · bg главня́ (burning wood, ember) · pl styl (style, manner) · da mærke (name, symbol, logo) · uk логоти́п (name, symbol, logo) · fr tison (burning wood, ember) · it marca (name, symbol, logo) · grc ἔγκαυμα (mark made by burning) · th ตราสินค้า (name, symbol, logo) · nl merk (name, symbol, logo) · lv marka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · nv bee íʼdiidlííd (mark made by burning) · sh màrka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · uz brend (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · hy բրենդ (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · uk ма́рка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · be таўро́ (mark made by burning) · uk бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · fi brändi (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sh glȁvnja (burning wood, ember) · ar شِعَار (name, symbol, logo) · es marca registrada (name, symbol, logo) · fr style (style, manner) · hu márka (name, symbol, logo) · ka მარკა (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · bg клеймо́ (mark made by burning) · da brændemærke (mark made by burning) · fi tuotemerkki (name, symbol, logo) · da varemærke (name, symbol, logo) · fr marque (mark made by burning) · yi מאַרקע (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · de Label (name, symbol, logo) · bg бранд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · de Brandzeichen (mark made by burning) · sh гла̏вња (burning wood, ember) · ru голове́шка (burning wood, ember) · cmn(name, symbol, logo) · tr marka (name, symbol, logo) · bg ма́рка (name, symbol, logo) · uk ма́рка (name, symbol, logo) · pt marca a fogo (mark made by burning) · ru вид (style, manner) · kk бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · th แบรนด์ (name, symbol, logo) · ka სავაჭრო ნიშანი (name, symbol, logo) · es marca de fábrica (name, symbol, logo) · ru клеймо́ (mark made by burning) · eo markigo (name, symbol, logo) · hy մարկա (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · hu márka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sl znamka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · bg вид (style, manner) · hu billog (mark made by burning) · et kaubamärk (name, symbol, logo) · gl chamizo (burning wood, ember) · de Marke (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · el μάρκα (name, symbol, logo) · ru бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sv varumärke (name, symbol, logo) · ar مَارْكَة (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · th ยี่ห้อ (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · cmn 牌子 (name, symbol, logo) · az brend (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ru знак (name, symbol, logo) · fi tyyli (style, manner) · ba билдә (name, symbol, logo) · gl marca (name, symbol, logo) · eo marko (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ms jenama (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · et mark (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · nb merke (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sk značka (name, symbol, logo) · fi kekäle (burning wood, ember) · ru ма́рка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ka მარკა (name, symbol, logo) · ja ブランド (name, symbol, logo) · th ตราสินค้า (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · pl głownia (burning wood, ember) · pl marka (name, symbol, logo) · ro tăciune (burning wood, ember) · ar عَلَامَة (name, symbol, logo) · nl brandmerk (mark made by burning) · mk марка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ro marcă (name, symbol, logo) · tg марка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · be знак (name, symbol, logo) · it marchio a fuoco (mark made by burning) · pt marca (name, symbol, logo) · hy խանձող (burning wood, ember) · bg сорт (style, manner) · tg бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · id merek (name, symbol, logo) · nn merke (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · sv märke (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ckb مارکە (name, symbol, logo) · ro efigie (name, symbol, logo) · es marca (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · nl merk (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · vi nhãn hiệu (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ka სავაჭრო მარკა (name, symbol, logo) · de Brandmal (mark made by burning) · he מוּתָג (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ru ма́рка (name, symbol, logo) · es tizón (burning wood, ember) · da mærke (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · fi merkki (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · id jenama (name, symbol, logo) · fa-ira مارْک (name, symbol, logo) · ga splanc (burning wood, ember) · th ตรา (name, symbol, logo) · uk головня́ (burning wood, ember) · tr damga (mark made by burning) · de Marke (name, symbol, logo) · sh màrka (name, symbol, logo) · ckb مارکە (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ba торонбаш (burning wood, ember) · th แบรนด์ (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · be брэнд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · de Zuchtbrand (mark made by burning) · be ма́рка (name, symbol, logo) · sq markë (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ko 브랜드 (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ur بِرانْڈ (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · fr marque (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · cs značka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · km យីហោ (name, symbol, logo) · ru логоти́п (name, symbol, logo) · be ма́рка (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · bg бе́лег (name, symbol, logo) · fr marque (name, symbol, logo) · tr marka (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · el μάρκα (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · cs značka (name, symbol, logo) · fa-ira مارْک (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · enm brand (burning wood, ember) · pl typ (style, manner) · cmn 牌子 (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · ru сорт (style, manner) · ru тавро́ (mark made by burning) · be лагаты́п (name, symbol, logo) · ro marcă (prin ardere) (mark made by burning) · ru тип (style, manner) · uk клеймо́ (mark made by burning) · sh жи̑г (mark made by burning) · ka ლოგოტიპი (name, symbol, logo) · ja ブランド (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · fi polttomerkki (mark made by burning) · ky бренд (a specific product, service, or provider so distinguished) · th ยี่ห้อ (name, symbol, logo)

wikipedia: Brill Publishers

brand en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • /ˈbɹæːnd/ (Australia)
  • [bɹʷand] ~ [bɹʷänd] (Northern-England)
  • [bɾand] ~ [bɾänd] (Scotland, Wales)
  • [ˈbɹʷænd] without æ-raising
  • (US) audio
  • [ˈbɹʷænd] ~ [bɹʷand] (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [ˈbɹʷeːnd] ~ [ˈbɹʷɛːnd] æ-raising
  • [ˈbɹʷeə̯nd] ~ [ˈbɹʷɛə̯nd] æ-raising
  • /ˈbɾand/ (Scotland, Wales)
  • /ˈbɹand/ (British, Midlands, Southern, Standard)
  • /ˈbɹɛnd/ (New-Zealand)
  • /ˈbɹænd/ (Canada, General-American)
  • /ˈbɹænd/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [bɹʷɛnd] (New-Zealand)
  • [bɹʷand] (British, Midlands, Southern, Standard)
  • [ˈbɹʷæːnd] without æ-raising
  • /ˈbɹand/ (Northern-England)

Etymology

From Middle English brand, from Old English brand (“fire; flame; burning; torch; sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“flame; flaming; fire-brand; torch; sword”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; brew”). Cognate with Scots brand, West Frisian brân (“fire”), Dutch brand, German Brand, Danish brand, Swedish brand (“blaze, fire”), Icelandic brandur, French brand (< Germanic). More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *gorěti (“to burn”).

Meanings

  1. (transitive) To burn the flesh with a hot iron, either as a marker (for criminals, slaves etc.) or to cauterise a wound.
    • Man's flesh they eat: their own they paint and sear, / branding with burning iron, — usage fere! 1880, Richard Francis Burton, Os Lusíadas, volume II, page 405:
    • When they caught him, he was branded and then locked up.
  2. (transitive) To burn the flesh with a hot iron, either as a marker (for criminals, slaves etc.) or to cauterise a wound. ▸ To mark (especially cattle) with a brand as proof of ownership.
    • The ranch hands had to brand every new calf by lunchtime.
    • A maverick is an unbranded calf that has been weaned and shifts for itself. The maverick then belongs to the man who finds it and brands it. 1914 January, Zane Grey, The Light of Western Stars: A Romance, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 59:
  3. (transitive) To make an indelible impression on the memory or senses.
    • Her face is branded upon my memory.
  4. (transitive) To stigmatize, label (someone).
    • As Ferguson strode briskly towards the Stretford End at the final whistle, he will have been reflecting on the extent of the challenge now facing him from the club he once branded "noisy neighbours". 2011 October 23, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 1-6 Man City”, in BBC Sport:
    • I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer. 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter II, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
    • He was branded a fool by everyone that heard his story.
  5. (transitive) To associate a product or service with a trademark or other name and related images.
    • They branded the new detergent "Suds-O", with a nature scene inside a green O on the muted-colored recycled-cardboard box.
  6. (intransitive) To be very hot, to burn.
    • O, not for thee the glow, the bloom, ⁠Who changest not in any gale, ⁠Nor branding summer suns avail To touch thy thousand years of gloom: […] 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto II”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
brands Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
branding Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
branded Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
branded Tense=Past lexicographic

Coordinates

earmark · chip

Deriveds

cobrand · counterbrand · overbrand · rebrand · brandable · misbrand

Relateds

brand new · integrated marketing communications · copy testing · market research · marketing · servicemark · advertising research · advertising · picture sort · trademark · rebrand

Translations (62)

bg заклеймявам (stigmatize) · qu irpay (mark with proof of ownership) · no stigmatisere (stigmatize) · no stemple (stigmatize) · fr cataloguer (stigmatize) · bg отпечатвам се (impress on the memory or senses) · tr dağlamak (burn the flesh) · ru клейми́ть (mark with proof of ownership) · ro marca (mark with proof of ownership) · uk затавро́вувати (burn the flesh) · fr flétrir (burn the flesh) · fr flétrir (stigmatize) · da brændemærke (mark with proof of ownership) · tr dağlamak (mark with proof of ownership) · es tildar (stigmatize) · ro însemna (mark with proof of ownership) · no innprente (impress on the memory or senses) · sv brännmärka (mark with proof of ownership) · da brændemærke (burn the flesh) · hu megbélyegez (stigmatize) · bg жигосвам (burn the flesh) · uk затавро́вувати (stigmatize) · ro stigmatiza (stigmatize) · enm branden (impress on the memory or senses) · uk затаврува́ти (burn the flesh) · ms selar (mark with proof of ownership) · enm branden (burn the flesh) · uk таврува́ти (stigmatize) · uk таврува́ти (burn the flesh) · bg жигосвам (mark with proof of ownership) · ru заклейми́ть (burn the flesh) · pt marcar a ferro quente (burn the flesh) · da stemple (stigmatize) · no brennemerke (stigmatize) · no brennemerke (burn the flesh) · gl marcar (mark with proof of ownership) · fr graver (impress on the memory or senses) · nl brandmerken (mark with proof of ownership) · ro grava (impress on the memory or senses) · tr damgalamak (stigmatize) · ro însemna (cu fier roșu) (burn the flesh) · is brennimerkja (mark with proof of ownership) · ota داغلامق (mark with proof of ownership) · bg белязвам (mark with proof of ownership) · ro stigmatiza (burn the flesh) · uk затаврува́ти (mark with proof of ownership) · ota داغلامق (burn the flesh) · sv brännmärka (stigmatize) · ru клейми́ть (burn the flesh) · tr kazınmak (zihnine/aklına) (impress on the memory or senses) · es tachar (stigmatize) · fi polttomerkitä (mark with proof of ownership) · da indprente (impress on the memory or senses) · ru заклейми́ть (mark with proof of ownership) · ro întipări (impress on the memory or senses) · uk затавро́вувати (mark with proof of ownership) · fr marquer (mark with proof of ownership) · uk затаврува́ти (stigmatize) · nl brandmerken (burn the flesh) · uk таврува́ти (mark with proof of ownership) · no brennemerke (mark with proof of ownership) · ro înfiera (stigmatize)

wikipedia: integrated marketing communications · wikipedia: copy testing · wikipedia: advertising research · wikipedia: Brill Publishers