grim en · ADJ · etymology 1
Pronunciation
- (General-American) audio
- /ɡɹɪm/ (General-American, Received-Pronunciation)
Etymology
From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).
Meanings
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Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding.
Developments were markedly different in the Soviet zone, but ultimately ended in perhaps an even grimmer dead end: that of SED leader Walter Ulbricht’s thoroughly Stalinized German Democratic Republic (GDR).
2017 May 14, Loren Balhorn, “The Lost History of Antifa”, in Jacobin Magazine:Life was grim in many northern industrial towns.
It's been a grim start to the year.
2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:Cristiana Paşca Palmer, the executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, said the destruction of the world’s biggest rainforest was a grim reminder that a fresh approach needed to stabilise the climate and prevent ecosystems from declining to a point of no return, with dire consequences for humanity.
2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 02 Dec 2019:
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Rigid and unrelenting.
His grim determination enabled him to win.
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Ghastly or sinister.
There was, I thought, a trace of very profound and very genuine irony in the timbre—not the flashy, meaninglessly jaunty pseudo-irony of the callow "sophisticate," which Derby had habitually affected, but something grim, basic, pervasive and potentially evil.
1933 August (date written), H[oward] P[hillips] Lovecraft, “The Thing on the Doorstep”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, volume 29, number 1, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., published January 1937, →OCLC, section 4, page 62:In movie terms, it suggests Paul Verhoeven in Robocop/Starship Troopers mode, an R-rated bloodbath where the grim spectacle of children murdering each other on television is bread-and-circuses for the age of reality TV, enforced by a totalitarian regime to keep the masses at bay.
2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in The A.V. Club:A grim castle overshadowed the village.
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Disgusting; gross.
– Wanna see the dead rat I found in my fridge? – Mate, that is grim!
Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; […]
1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter I, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 1:
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(obsolete) Fierce, cruel, furious.
The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages upon Cape Charles, with long poles like Javelings, headed with bone, they boldly demanded what we were, and what we would[…]
1907 [1624], John Smith, chapter 5, in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, volume 1, New York: Macmillan Company:The LORDE shall be grymme vpon them, and destroye all the goddes in the londe. And all the Iles of the Heithen shal worshipe him, euery man in his place.
1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Zachary [Zechariah] ij:[11], folio xcvij, recto:Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw / Daily devours apace, and nothing said.
1897 [1637], John Milton, edited by Homer B[axter] Sprague, Milton's Lycidas, Boston: Ginn & Company, pages 22–23, lines 128–129:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| grimmest | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| grimmer | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic |
Deriveds
grim-the-collier · grimly · like grim death · Grim Reaper · grimsome · grim trigger · grimdark · grimmish · grimlike · grim-gram · it's grim up north · grimness
Synonyms
horrid · upset · inflexible · harsh · savage · cruel · steaming · splenetic · gayless · rabid · insensate · dolesome · boiling mad · loathsome · hot · callous · hardhearted · lugubrious · depraved · screwfaced · malicious · malefic · granitic · concrete · evil-minded · obnoxious · sullen · relentless · harsh · grim · flagitious · butthurt · grim · sickly · infuriated · dark · rank · cross · barbaric · sturdy · niddering · forbidding · lithic · fuming · reprehensible · offensive · furibund · iniquous · solemn · demonic · cheesed off · ill-natured · harmful · unmerry · grim · flint-hearted · rockhearted · ungodly · tough · dismal · wild · humorless · Gothlike · joyless · brutal · overwhelming · bateless · livid · ferocious · ireful · pissed · wolfish · nasty · injurious · sore · scary · heartless · reprobate · mirthless · tenebrose · raging · apoplectic · frosty · heathenous · dark · brutish · enraged · abhorrant · uncheery · grody · saturnine · bad · seething · vicious · offended · bum · overwhelming · strict · lack-laughter · scabrous · tough · villainous · vile · rampant · violent · unrelenting · big mad · sickening · uncultured · animalistic · unsympathetic · infuriate · bad · wode · firm · sombre · spitting chips · unyielding · vile · woeful · furious · dour · bleak · solid · gross · cold-eyed · insensitive · chilling · dreary · disconsolate · mean · diabolical · grim · peccaminous · sunless · black-hearted · up on one's ear · distasteful · obscene · mad as a bear with a sore head · uncultivated · agitated · marble-hearted · hardhanded · foul · revolting · unbending · eldritch · glimflashy · sullen · bad seed · fury · overpowering · puissant · unhappy · uncouth · depressing · gray · uplandish · incensed · scathful · rancid · hopping mad · sordid · wroth · malevolent · satanic · bad-tempered · persistent · unholy · miserable · baleful · devilish · bad apple · resistant · angry · icy · ill-intentioned · unstoppable · offputting · savage · incontestable · inexorable · frustrated · pernicious · stonyhearted · pagan · mad · malign · cheerless · heinous · abandoned · spooky · disagreeable · waxy · base · nidering · irresistible · gloomsome · repugnant · deleterious · fulsome · evil · detrimental · grim · morose · stony · savage · potent · munted · heathenly · blood-boiling · iniquitous · stiff · volatile · pathetic · cranky · iron-hearted · unmoved · robust · doleful · grim · vexed · no-good · furious · Gothic · heathenish · raging · hard-boiled · scurrilous · cold · invincible · frightening · incivil · despicable · loathsome · ferocious · irate · thick-skinned · drearisome · wicked · stern · barbarous · ired · hard · rigorous · severe · wrong · grotty · truculent · baneful · choleric · little mad · forlorn · unremitting · dire · facinorous · abhorrent · uncheerful · wrathful · stout · drear · gro · raging · nithing · arrant · ill-natured · grim · sinful · demonic · dreich · incorrigible · miffed · hard · annoyed · disgusting · uncivilized · brutal · pissy · p'd off · wintry · forboding · infernal · incessive · hardened · spiritless · zowerswopped · bleak · fit to be tied · foul · uncivil · fierce · harsh · irritated · repulsive · grim · melancholy · malignant · berserk · rigid · nauseous · gooey · maleficent · barbarious · freakish · barbarian · gloomy · immoral · sinister · niding · strident · sinister · unbending · ready to be tied · unpleasant · pissed off · comfortless · unsettling · nefarious · naughty · adamantine · no joke · grim · desolate · stonehearted · heathen · creepy · somber · malevolent · unyielding · knavish · stony
Translations (86)
fr sinistre (ghastly or sinister) · ang grimm (rigid and unrelenting) · fr sombre (ghastly or sinister) · ru непрекло́нный (rigid and unrelenting) · sv kuslig (ghastly or sinister) · ca rígid (rigid and unrelenting) · it sinistro (ghastly or sinister) · fr triste (ghastly or sinister) · ca obac (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ca sinistre (ghastly or sinister) · sk neprívetivý (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ru мра́чный (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · pt sinistro (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · de düster (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · goh grimmi (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · bg зловещ (ghastly or sinister) · bg суров (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · bg неумолим (rigid and unrelenting) · pt sinistro (ghastly or sinister) · cs depresivní (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fr déprimant (ghastly or sinister) · fi synkkä (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · goh grim (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fr inébranlable (rigid and unrelenting) · ang grimm (ghastly or sinister) · ca ombrívol (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · pl nieubłagany (rigid and unrelenting) · ga dorrga (rigid and unrelenting) · sv grådaskig (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · sv stenhård (rigid and unrelenting) · fr sombre (rigid and unrelenting) · it tenace (rigid and unrelenting) · bg неприветлив (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fr sombre (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · osx grim (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · es rígido (rigid and unrelenting) · es sombrío (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · bg непреклонен (rigid and unrelenting) · es siniestro (ghastly or sinister) · fr rigide (rigid and unrelenting) · fi kolkko (ghastly or sinister) · pl ponury (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · cs krušný (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · pl srogi (rigid and unrelenting) · ang grimm (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · de gruselig (ghastly or sinister) · hu zord (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · de grimmig (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fi synkeä (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ru мра́чный (ghastly or sinister) · bg строг (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ka სასტიკი (ghastly or sinister) · nrf sévéthe (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ca sinistre (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · de unnachgiebig (rigid and unrelenting) · he נורא (ghastly or sinister) · es siniestro (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · cs chmurný (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · de eisern (rigid and unrelenting) · pt rígido (rigid and unrelenting) · es lúgubre (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · mi mōkinokino (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · la torvus (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · es lóbrego (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · he עגום (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · ru злове́щий (ghastly or sinister) · fi synkeä (ghastly or sinister) · it arcigno (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · nl grimmig (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fr indéfectible (rigid and unrelenting) · eo neŝancelebla (rigid and unrelenting) · ca espectral (ghastly or sinister) · it tetro (ghastly or sinister) · da dyster (ghastly or sinister) · de unbeugsam (rigid and unrelenting) · non grimr (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · sv kylig (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · gd gruamach (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · it fosco (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · pt austero (rigid and unrelenting) · fr sinistre (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · sk pošmúrny (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding) · fi synkkä (ghastly or sinister) · bg мрачен (ghastly or sinister) · fi ankara (rigid and unrelenting) · de finster (dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding)