gross en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /ɡɹəʊs/ (UK)
- /ɡɹɔs/ (Philippines, nonstandard)
- /ɡɹos/ (Scotland, dialectal)
- (US) audio
- /ɡɹoʊs/ (US)
Etymology
From Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”), from Old French gros, from Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”), of uncertain further origin but perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *brassos (“great, violent”).
Meanings
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remarkably great, big, vast in an often unpleasant way; (of behaviour) Highly or conspicuously offensive.
a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence; a gross insult
[H]e has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.
1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, chapter 6, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:[H]ad his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world; […]
1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:Your very faults, how gross soere, to me / Have something pleasing in ’em.
1682, Aphra Behn, “The City-Heiress”, in et al., London: D. Brown, act IV, scene 1, page 40:Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault: / On what condition stands it and wherein? / Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree, / In gross rebellion and detested treason:
1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:[…] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;
1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 10, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book XVIII, page 336:
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(of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
gross domestic product; gross income; gross weight
For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.
1878 January–December, Thomas Hardy, chapter I, in The Return of the Native […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published 1878, →OCLC:But please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner's wages every week.
1937 March 8, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter III, in The Road to Wigan Pier, London: Victor Gollancz, published May 1937, →OCLC, part I, page 41:What is the gross sum that I owe thee?
c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
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Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.
gross anatomy
We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.
1962, Rachel Carson, chapter 12, in Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, page 190:
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(Australia, Canada, US, informal) Causing disgust.
I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.
Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.
1978, Armistead Maupin, “Ties That Bind”, in Tales of the City, New York: Harper & Row, published 1989, page 293:The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”
2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306:
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Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.
Verjuice. She certainly has Talents. / Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.
1777 May 8 (first performance), [Richard Brinsley Sheridan], The School for Scandal; a Comedy; […], Dublin: [s.n.], published 1780, →OCLC, (please specify the page):All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion—or rather as a transition from the subject that started their conversation—such talk had been distressingly out of place.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Pog. Forsooth my Maister said that hee loved her almost as well as hee loved parmasent, and swore […] that shee wanted such a Nose as his was, to be as pretty a young woeman, as was any in Parma. Do. Oh grose!
c. 1626 or 1629–1633 (first performance), [John Ford], ’Tis Pitty Shee’s a Whore […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Richard Collins, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then […] them that be more pure.
1874, A Select Collection of Old English Plays, Dodsley et al.:
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(of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.
He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.
1944, Emily Carr, “Lorenzo Was Registered”, in The House of All Sorts:The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]
1860, John Ruskin, chapter 10, in Modern Painters […], volume V, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, , § 5:
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(of a substance) Dense, heavy.
Thy spirit ere our fatal loss / Did ever rise from high to higher; / As mounts the heavenward altar-fire, / As flies the lighter thro’ the gross.
1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XL”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 62:
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(of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.
Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.
1925, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 79, in The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, published 1934:He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.
2013, Hilary Mantel, “Royal Bodies”, in London Review of Books, 35.IV:
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(poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.
[A] larger life / Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse / Of spacious circles luminous with mind, / To which the ethereal substance of his own / Seems but gross cloud to make that visible, / Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.
1869 December (indicated as 1870 January), James Russell Lowell, “The Cathedral”, in James Thomas Fields, editor, The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume XXV, number CXLVII, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 9:Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king, / And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne, / Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,
1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 60:2:A pestilent and most corrosive steam, / Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast, / And fast condensed upon the dewy sash, / Asks egress;
1785, William Cowper, “Book III. The Garden.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 116:
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(archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.
A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul], / Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt, / And in cleer dream, and solemn vision / Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
1634 October 9 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth, / That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds / Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.
c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 13:15:
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(obsolete) Easy to perceive.
[…] though the truth of it stands off as gross / As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.
1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| more gross | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| most gross | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| grosser | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| grossest | Degree=Sup | lexicographic |
Antonyms
fine · microscopic · net
Deriveds
gross time · grossify · grossly · disgrossting · outside gross area · gross profit · gross register ton · gross sales · ungross · gross adventure · grossness · gross national product · grossification · gross pay · grossen · gross vehicle weight rating · gross out · gross national happiness · overgross · gross negligence · gross domestic product · gross motor skill · gross anatomy · gross weight · adjusted gross income · grossish · grossology · gross receipts · gross indecency · gross margin · gross income · gross up
Synonyms
grody · obvious · nasty · unmitigated · fat · obese · overall · shameful · rough · appalling · grotesque · flagrant · entire · bulky · disgusting · large · grotty · macroscopic · vulgar · rude · unrefined · revolting · total · egregious · dull · heavy · witless · coarse · serious · impure · clear · whole · thick · great · gro · yucky · aggregate · coarse · obscene
Translations (152)
it complessivo (including all associated amounts) · hu kövér (having excess flesh) · no ekkel (causing disgust) · ota یوغون (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · it osceno (causing disgust) · sv äcklig (causing disgust) · fi ällö (causing disgust) · de grob (conspicuously offensive) · it volgare (causing disgust) · ru бру́тто (including all associated amounts) · fr brut (including all associated amounts) · fi vastenmielinen (causing disgust) · it lordo (including all associated amounts) · hu trágár (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fr gras (having excess flesh) · it macroscopico (conspicuously offensive) · bg неприличен (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sv oanständig (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · ro brut (including all associated amounts) · fi inha (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · bg циничен (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · es asqueroso (causing disgust) · ru большо́й (conspicuously offensive) · gl noxento (causing disgust) · pl brutto (including all associated amounts) · pl obleśny (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · hu bruttó (including all associated amounts) · fr dégoûtant (causing disgust) · nl bruto (including all associated amounts) · it grasso (having excess flesh) · pl ciężki (conspicuously offensive) · de grob (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · bg противен (causing disgust) · da brutto (including all associated amounts) · es hecho un asco (causing disgust) · pt-br nojento (causing disgust) · es repulsivo (causing disgust) · ru поха́бный (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sv tråkig (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · sv tjock (having excess flesh) · fi kokonais- (including all associated amounts) · fr dégueulasse (causing disgust) · el ακαθάριστος (including all associated amounts) · it impuro (causing disgust) · nl walgelijk (causing disgust) · ru отврати́тельный (causing disgust) · it grave (conspicuously offensive) · de unanständig (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · bg дебелашки (conspicuously offensive) · gl imperdoábel (conspicuously offensive) · hu durva (conspicuously offensive) · it crudele (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · cmn 恶心 (causing disgust) · gl flagrante (conspicuously offensive) · ru серьёзный (conspicuously offensive) · sv allvarlig (conspicuously offensive) · bcl makaati (causing disgust) · pdt groff (causing disgust) · it imperdonabile (conspicuously offensive) · de Brutto- (including all associated amounts) · mi tapeke (including all associated amounts) · fi rahvaanomainen (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sv grov (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fi karkea (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · ar سَيِّء (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sl brúto (including all associated amounts) · fi inhottava (causing disgust) · sv obscen (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fi suunnaton (having excess flesh) · ru гру́бый (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sv trist (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · pl poważny (conspicuously offensive) · ru проти́вный (causing disgust) · bg общ (including all associated amounts) · ru тя́жкий (conspicuously offensive) · ar كُلِّيّ (including all associated amounts) · ru приту́пленный (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · hu ocsmány (causing disgust) · hu súlyos (conspicuously offensive) · sv svår (conspicuously offensive) · hy կոպիտ (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fr grossière (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fi lihava (having excess flesh) · az kobud (conspicuously offensive) · ru ту́чный (having excess flesh) · it osceno (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · bg охранен (having excess flesh) · pl obleśny (causing disgust) · hu undorító (causing disgust) · fr grossier (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · sv brutto (including all associated amounts) · is brúttó (including all associated amounts) · hu közönséges (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · hu goromba (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · it grossolano (causing disgust) · tl kadiri (causing disgust) · it volgare (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · it grossolano (conspicuously offensive) · ru неприли́чный (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · ro dezgustător (causing disgust) · cmn 討厭 /讨厌 (causing disgust) · pl odstręczający (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · fi iljettävä (causing disgust) · hu hájas (having excess flesh) · hu otromba (conspicuously offensive) · pt bruto (including all associated amounts) · hu otromba (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · hu durva (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · cmn 总 (including all associated amounts) · fi törkeä (conspicuously offensive) · bg отвратителен (causing disgust) · fi brutto- (including all associated amounts) · fr grasse (having excess flesh) · sv grov (conspicuously offensive) · de unempfindlich (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · fi vakava (conspicuously offensive) · es grosero (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · tr iğrenç (causing disgust) · ru га́дкий (causing disgust) · it rude (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · ja きもい (causing disgust) · tr gayrisafi (including all associated amounts) · fr gros (having excess flesh) · ar معيب (conspicuously offensive) · de dick (having excess flesh) · fr grosse (having excess flesh) · de grob (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · ru омерзи́тельный (causing disgust) · de brutto (including all associated amounts) · de ekelhaft (causing disgust) · fi valtava (having excess flesh) · ar مُقَرَّف (causing disgust) · bg тлъст (having excess flesh) · fi tympeä (not sensitive in perception or feeling) · fi ällöttävä (causing disgust) · bg брутен (including all associated amounts) · bg груб (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · pdt groff (conspicuously offensive) · az ağır (conspicuously offensive) · cmn 粗 (including all associated amounts) · ro scârbos (causing disgust) · sv fet (having excess flesh) · de Ekel erregend (causing disgust) · hu gusztustalan (causing disgust) · hu visszataszító (causing disgust) · fi nimellis- (including all associated amounts) · it ripugnante (causing disgust) · ar جَارِح (lacking refinement in manner; offending morality) · it rozzo (causing disgust) · it indecente (conspicuously offensive) · ru валово́й (including all associated amounts) · pdt schmutzich (conspicuously offensive)