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Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

foil en · NOUN · etymology 1

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine. The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly. Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Meanings

  1. (countable, uncountable) A very thin sheet of metal.
  2. (countable, qualifier:chiefly Euro English, uncountable) A very thin sheet of plastic.
  3. (uncountable) Thin aluminium/aluminum (or, formerly, tin) used for wrapping food.
    • wrap the sandwich up in foil
  4. (countable, uncountable) A thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant.
  5. (countable, figuratively, uncountable) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent or antagonist, but can also serve as the sidekick of the protagonist.
    • As Puss comes to realize his legendary status is not a substitute for interpersonal connection, his interactions with Kitty and the therapy dog start to take on a surprising amount of weight, while Goldilocks serves as a well-realized foil who has more in common with Puss that is at first apparent. 2022 December 20, Leigh Monson, “Puss In Boots: The Last Wish review: Antonio Banderas leads the best film yet in the Shrek franchise”, in AV Club, archived from the original on 14 Mar 2023:
    • Whereas the female invests heavily in the wake of conception, the male invests heavily prior to conception. Hitherto, the male has been regarded as the mere foil to the heavy investment in reproduction that renders the female the logjam (the limiting factor) in reproduction – reproduction overall is expandable by increasing the number of females, not by increasing the number of males. 2019, Steve Paul Moxon, “The Sexes Serve to Purge Mutations by Selection on Males, Boosting the Function of Sex to Maintain Genomic Integrity]”, in New Male Studies, volume 8, number 1, pages 46–47 of 25–51, archived from the original on 06 Aug 2021:
  6. (countable, figuratively, uncountable) Anything that acts by contrast to emphasise the characteristics of something.
    • 1725-1726, William Broome, The Odyssey Hector has also a foil to set regard
    • As she a black silk cap on him begun / To set, for foil of his milk-white to serve. a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:
  7. (countable, uncountable) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip.
    • Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not. 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
    • 1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece Socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a sword.
    • The country’s fencing federation has officially recognised lightsaber duelling as a competitive sport, granting the weapon from George Lucas’s space saga the same status as the foil, epee and sabre, the traditional blades used at the Olympics. 2019 February 19, “Lightsaber duelling registered as official sport in France”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 08 Nov 2020:
  8. (countable, uncountable) A thin, transparent plastic material on which marks are made and projected for the purposes of presentation. See transparency.
  9. (countable, uncountable) A premium trading card with a glossy finish.
    • I personally would collect all the foils from Base Set before this one, but the market is what the market is. 2016, Pojo's Unofficial Big Book of Pokémon, Triumph Books:
  10. (countable, uncountable) A stylized flower or leaf.
  11. (abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, countable, uncountable) Clipping of hydrofoil.
    alt of hydrofoil
  12. (abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, countable, uncountable) Clipping of aerofoil/airfoil.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foils Number=Plur lexicographic

Deriveds

aluminum foil · trefoil · tinfoil · sexfoil · tin foil · quatrefoil · gold foil · rushfoil · cephalofoil · rockfoil · foil shaver · bow foil · octofoil · featherfoil · F50 · biofoil · foil razor · cinquefoil · counterfoil · dufoil · blisterfoil · foilist · foilsman · holofoil · twifoil · foilboard · foil stone · jetfoil

Synonyms

aluminium foil (thin aluminium/aluminum) · silver paper (thin aluminium/aluminum) · tin foil (thin aluminium/aluminum) · silver foil (thin aluminium/aluminum)

Translations (116)

pt folha (thin sheet of metal) · ja 金属裏張り (thin sheet of metal) · it fioretto (type of sword used in fencing) · mk флоре́т (type of sword used in fencing) · el ελαφρύ ξίφος ξιφασκίας (type of sword used in fencing) · es papel de aluminio (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · la bractea (thin sheet of metal) · it lamina (thin sheet of metal) · bg станио́л (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · el αλουμινόχαρτο (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · id pedang anggar (type of sword used in fencing) · pam palara (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · nn folie (thin sheet of metal) · cs fólie (thin sheet of metal) · ms perada (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant) · uk фо́льга (thin sheet of metal) · it lamella (thin sheet of metal) · fi ohkolevy (thin sheet of metal) · fr faire-valoir (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · fr alu (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · pl folia (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ru станио́ль (thin sheet of metal) · ms kerajang (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · hy փայլաթիթեղ (thin sheet of metal) · es florete (type of sword used in fencing) · fi folio (thin sheet of metal) · hy ֆոլգա (thin sheet of metal) · cs fleret (type of sword used in fencing) · eo skerma glavo (type of sword used in fencing) · bg станио́л (thin sheet of metal) · da folie (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant) · fr feuille de métal (thin sheet of metal) · hu tőr (type of sword used in fencing) · hy ֆոլգա (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ru рапи́ра (type of sword used in fencing) · la rudis (type of sword used in fencing) · es folio (thin sheet of metal) · de Florett (type of sword used in fencing) · fa فویل (thin sheet of metal) · es complemento (anything that acts to emphasise the characteristics of something) · da baggrund (anything that acts to emphasise the characteristics of something) · nl floret (type of sword used in fencing) · bg вара́к (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · lt rapyra (type of sword used in fencing) · fi folio (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ca full (thin sheet of metal) · pt florete (type of sword used in fencing) · tl palara (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · da folie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · nb folie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · de Aluminiumfolie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · nb folie (thin sheet of metal) · ru фольга́ (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · mi raukonu (thin sheet of metal) · ja フォイル (thin sheet of metal) · cmn(thin sheet of metal) · pl folia (thin sheet of metal) · sv florett (type of sword used in fencing) · it carta stagnola (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · bg фо́лио (thin sheet of metal) · yue(thin sheet of metal) · nl Aluminiumfolie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · da fleuret (type of sword used in fencing) · fr fleuret (type of sword used in fencing) · id kertas logam (thin sheet of metal) · cy ffwyl (type of sword used in fencing) · fr papier d'aluminium (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · hi डाक (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant) · it spalla (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · ca paper d'alumini (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ko 포일 (thin sheet of metal) · bg рапи́ра (type of sword used in fencing) · id kertas aluminium (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · de Folie (thin sheet of metal) · pt papel-alumínio (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ru фольга́ (thin sheet of metal) · id kerajang (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · ro foiță (thin sheet of metal) · es lámina de metal (thin sheet of metal) · vi lá kim loại (thin sheet of metal) · as ৰাংপতা (thin sheet of metal) · ja(thin sheet of metal) · tr folyo (thin sheet of metal) · ka ფოლგა (thin sheet of metal) · pl floret (type of sword used in fencing) · ca floret (type of sword used in fencing) · ca comparsa (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · enm foyle (thin sheet of metal) · gv cliwe crammanagh (type of sword used in fencing) · el έλασμα (thin sheet of metal) · nl contrastfiguur (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · ga pionsa maol (type of sword used in fencing) · ja ホイル (thin sheet of metal) · lt folija (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant) · lt folija (thin sheet of metal) · ha takardar ƙarfe siririya (thin sheet of metal) · be фо́льга (thin sheet of metal) · sv aluminiumfolie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · es florete (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · nl folie (thin sheet of metal) · hy նրբաթիթեղ (thin sheet of metal) · ja フルーレ (type of sword used in fencing) · cmn 花劍 /花剑 (type of sword used in fencing) · fi floretti (type of sword used in fencing) · id perada (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant) · ko 플뢰레 (type of sword used in fencing) · id floret (type of sword used in fencing) · ro floretă (type of sword used in fencing) · tr flöre (type of sword used in fencing) · nn folie (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · sv folie (thin sheet of metal) · id tokoh kontras (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · lt folija (thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food) · de Kontrastfigur (character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character) · da folie (thin sheet of metal) · fi folio (thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant)

foil en · VERB · etymology 1

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine. The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly. Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Meanings

  1. (transitive) To cover or wrap with foil.
  2. (abbreviation, alt-of, clipping) Clipping of hydrofoil.
    alt of hydrofoil

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foiled Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past lexicographic
foils Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
foiling Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic

Translations (4)

bg обви́вам (cover with foil) · bg опако́вам (cover with foil) · fi kelmuttaa (cover with foil) · bg обви́я (cover with foil)

foil en · NOUN · etymology 2

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English foilen (“spoil a scent trail by crossing it”), from Old French fouler (“tread on, trample”), ultimately from Latin fullō (“to trample, full”).

Meanings

  1. Failure when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage.
    • Fame is no plant that grows on mortal foil 1671, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC:
    • Nor e'er was fate so near a foil. 1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis:
  2. One of the incorrect answers presented in a multiple-choice test.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foils Number=Plur lexicographic

foil en · VERB · etymology 2

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English foilen (“spoil a scent trail by crossing it”), from Old French fouler (“tread on, trample”), ultimately from Latin fullō (“to trample, full”).

Meanings

  1. To prevent (something) from being accomplished.
    • They foiled my plans.
  2. To prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.
    • First, former Toffee Mikel Arteta sent Walcott racing clear but instead of shooting he squared towards Ramsey, who was foiled by Tony Hibbert. 2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 - 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:
    • I was foiled by my superior
    • her long locks that foil the painter's power 1812, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: […] [F]or John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza LV:
    • And at the field fought before Bebriacum, ere the battailes joyned, tvvo Ægles had a conflict and bickered together in all their fights: and vvhen the one of them was foyled and overcome, a third came at the very inſtant from the ſunne riſing and chaſed the Victreſſe avvay. 1606, Caius [i.e., Gaius] Suetonius Tranquillus, “The Historie of Flavius Vespatianus Augustus”, in Philêmon Holland, transl., The Historie of Twelve Cæsars Emperours of Rome. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes and George Snowdon] for Matthew Lownes, →OCLC, section 5, page 243:
    • Perhaps you think you love me now but it is only for an instant, and because you are foiled. 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 28, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
    • And by mortal man at length am foil'd. 1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
    • Many jihadist plots have been foiled and the security apparatus is getting better, overall, at pre-empting those who would do us ill. But, they say, the nature of the threat and the terrorists’ increasing use of low-tech, asymmetrical tactics such as hire vehicles and knives, make it all but impossible to stop every assault. 2017 August 20, “The Observer view on the attacks in Spain”, in The Observer:
  3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil.
    • they foil the scent of one another. 1711 August 10 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “MONDAY, July 31, 1711”, in The Spectator, number (please specify the issue number); republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume (please either specify the issue number or |volume=I to VI), New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:
  4. (obsolete) To tread underfoot; to trample.
    • Whom he did all to pieces breake and foyle, / In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle. 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto XXXIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
    • King Richard […] caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down and foiled underfoot. 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foils Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
foiling Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past lexicographic

Deriveds

foilable · foiler · unfoiled

Synonyms

vitiate · queer · foil · disrupt · turn upside down · put a crimp in · upset · mishandle · botch · crab · mar · soil · mar · corrupt · thwart · upset the applecart · spoil · screw up · bungle · put the kibosh on · vitiate · mess up · ball up · mess up · fuck up · deprave · jack up · ruin · contaminate · blight · scupper · bugger up · sour · bumble · undo · pollute · stain · mommick · disturb

Translations (36)

ar أفشل (prevent from being accomplished) · sv kullkasta (prevent from being accomplished) · he מנע (prevent from being accomplished) · ru предотврати́ть (prevent from being accomplished) · nl verijdelen (prevent from being accomplished) · hy խափանել (prevent from being accomplished) · it sventare (prevent from being accomplished) · bg потъ́пча (prevent from being accomplished) · fr déjouer (prevent from being accomplished) · bg потъ́пквам (prevent from being accomplished) · nl verhinderen (prevent from being accomplished) · de hintertreiben (prevent from being accomplished) · nl afweren (prevent from being accomplished) · mi whakahēhē (prevent from being accomplished) · pt frustrar (prevent from being accomplished) · pl udaremniać (prevent from being accomplished) · hu meghiúsít (prevent from being accomplished) · da forpurre (prevent from being accomplished) · th ทำลาย (prevent from being accomplished) · nl frustreren (prevent from being accomplished) · ar أحبط (prevent from being accomplished) · fi estää (prevent from being accomplished) · da forhindre (prevent from being accomplished) · ar فَشَّلَ (prevent from being accomplished) · el ματαιώνω (prevent from being accomplished) · sv omintetgöra (prevent from being accomplished) · id kerjang (prevent from being accomplished) · mk спре́чи (prevent from being accomplished) · ru предотвраща́ть (prevent from being accomplished) · es abortar (prevent from being accomplished) · fr contrecarrer (prevent from being accomplished) · hy առաջն առնել (prevent from being accomplished) · pl udaremnić (prevent from being accomplished) · fi pilata suunnitelma (prevent from being accomplished) · es frustrar (prevent from being accomplished) · cmn 阻止 (prevent from being accomplished)

foil en · NOUN · etymology 3

Pronunciation

Etymology

From French foulis.

Meanings

  1. The track of an animal.
    • […]but after giving her a dodge, here's another b— follows me upon the foil. 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter IV, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foils Number=Plur lexicographic

Synonyms

spoor (track of an animal)

Translations (4)

bg диря́ (track of an animal) · bg следа́ (track of an animal) · da fært (track of an animal) · da spor (track of an animal)

foil en · VERB · etymology 4

Pronunciation

Etymology

From mnemonic acronym FOIL (“First Outside Inside Last”).

Meanings

  1. To expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foiled Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past lexicographic
foiling Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foils Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic

Translations (4)

fi kertoa auki (to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials) · bg разкри́я ско́би (to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials) · nl uitwerken (to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials) · bg разкри́вам ско́би (to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials)

foil en · VERB · etymology 5

Pronunciation

Etymology

See file.

Meanings

  1. (obsolete) To defile; to soil.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foiling Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foils Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
foiled Tense=Past lexicographic

Synonyms

befile · gunk · scunge · bedizen · beray · beclart · sully · sling mud · blur · besmear · slotter · spot · sullow · stain · file · beshit · smutch · clat · tarnish · foul · inquinate · smut · bewray · smear · imbrue (especially with blood) · blot · befoul · foil · bedaub · begrime · befile · soss · besully · soil · stain · smudge · sowl · slur · uggle · bedirty · gunk up · blacken · smirch · dirten · elt · besmirch · sully · defile · assoil · befilth · contaminate · darken · dirty

foil en · NOUN · etymology 6

Pronunciation

Meanings

  1. A small arc in the tracery of a window, etc.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
foils Number=Plur lexicographic

Relateds

trefoil · multifoil · polyfoil