Dictionary

stool en · NOUN · etymology 1

Pronunciation

/stʉl/ (Northern-Ireland, Scotland)
/stuːl/
(US) audio

Etymology

From Middle English stool, from Old English stōl (“chair, seat”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian stuul, stölj, Stööl (“chear”), Saterland Frisian Stoul (“chear”), West Frisian stoel (“chair, seat”), Dutch stoel (“chair”), German Stuhl (“chair”), Low German Stohl (“chair”), Luxembourgish Stull (“chair”), Vilamovian śtül (“chair”), Yiddish שתוהל (shsuhl), שטול (shtul, “chair”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stol (“chair”), Faroese stólur (“chair”), Icelandic stóll (“chair”), Crimean Gothic stul (“seat”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls, “chair; throne”), Russian стул (stul, “chair”), Estonian tool (“chair”), Finnish tuoli (“chair”); also Breton and Cornish sevel (“to erect, rise; to build; to lift; to compose; to earn”), Irish sáil, sál (“heel”), Scottish Gaelic sàil (“heel”), Welsh sefyll (“to stand; to stop; to sit”), Latin sistō (“to set; to stop; to stand; to stabilise”), Umbrian 𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (sestu, “to place”), Greek στέκω (stéko), στέκομαι (stékomai, “to stand up”), Albanian shtoj (“to add; to augment; to accumulate”), Lithuanian stálas (“table”), Old Prussian stallan (“table”), Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian стол (stol, “table”), Czech stůl (“table”), Polish stół (“table”), Serbo-Croatian сто̑, сто̑л, stȏ, stȏl (“table”), Slovak stôl (“table”), Slovene stol (“chair”), Armenian երթալ (ertʻal), էթալ (ētʻal, “to go”), Central Kurdish ستوون (stûn, “column”), Pashto ستن (stən, “needle; awl; pin; syringe; post; hand; dragonfly”), Persian ایستادن (ēstādan / istâdan), وایسادن (vâysâdan), وایستادن (vâystâdan, “to stand up; to step; to stay”), ستون (sotun / sutūn, “column”), Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand up”), stûn (“column”), Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”), Hittite 𒋾𒄑𒍣 (tiezzi, “to step; to place oneself”), Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”), Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati, “to stand; to stay”). More at stand.

Meanings

(countable, uncountable) A seat, especially for one person and without armrests. ▸ A seat for one person without a back or armrests.
(countable, uncountable) A seat, especially for one person and without armrests. ▸ A footstool.
(Scotland, countable, dialectal, uncountable) A seat, especially for one person and without armrests. ▸ A seat with a back; a chair.
(Scotland, countable, dialectal, figuratively, literally, uncountable) A seat, especially for one person and without armrests. ▸ A throne.
(Africa, West, countable, uncountable) A seat, especially for one person and without armrests. ▸ A royal seat; a chief's throne.
(countable, uncountable) A plant that has been cut down until its main stem is close to the ground, resembling a stool, to promote new growth.
- A coppice may be large, in which case trees, usually ash (Fraxinus) or maple (Acer) are cut, leaving a massive stool from which up to 10 trunks arise; or small, in which case trees, usually hazel (Corylus), hawthorn (Crataegus), or willow (Salix), are cut to leave small, underground stools producing many short stems. […] One consequence of coppicing is that the stool enlarges because each subsequent growth of shoots occurs on its outside. The diameter of a stool is thus directly related to its age. […] stool 1. A tree stump that is capable of producing new shoots. 2. The permanent base of a *coppiced tree. 2012, Michael Allaby, editor, A Dictionary of Plant Sciences, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 125 and 486:
- With stool bedding, the plants are pruned back to the ground in the dormant season, and the shoots that form in the spring have juvenile characteristics and are called "juvenile reversion shoots." Stool bedding or stool bed layering is a common practice for the production of rootstocks of apple. […] The closer the apical meristem is to the roots of the plant, the more juvenile it is likely to be. This feature is exploited by techniques such as hedging or stool bedding that employ severe pruning to decrease the distance between the new growth and the root system, thus acting to rejuvenate the plant and benefit from the ease of rooting that is characteristic of the juvenile phase. 2011, Caula A. Beyl, Robert N. Trigiano, editors, Plant Propagation Concepts and Laboratory Exercises, 2nd edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, pages 88 and 154:
- The ground in almost every part of it is covered with stools or stems of Oak, at not more than three feet stool from stool, and these not having been thinned since last cutting, are completely overburdened, and are evidently killing each other and dying for want of nourishment […] 1827, Robert Monteath, Miscellaneous Reports on Woods and Plantations, Shewing a Method to Plant, Rear, and Recover all Woods, Plantations and Timber Trees on every Soil and Situation in Britain and Ireland …, Dundee: Printed and sold by James Chalmers [et al.], →OCLC, page 51:
(countable, dated, uncountable) A close-stool; a seat used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot, commode, outhouse seat, or toilet.
(broadly, countable, uncountable) Feces; excrement.
- The diagnostic criteria for infant dyschezia are at least 10 minutes of straining and crying before successful passage of soft stools in an otherwise healthy infant less than six months of age. In a child with infant dyschezia, physical examination and stool examination are normal. 2002, Paul Hyman, “Infant Dyschezia: Looking out for Number Two”, in International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders, number 823:
- Two days prior to the consultation, an abdominal radiograph was done because the patient hadn't stooled in a week. No signs of obstruction and no abnormal accumulations of stool were found. 2014, David R. Fleisher, Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: Biopsychosocial Concepts for Clinical Practice, New York, N.Y.: Springer, →ISBN, page 79:
- I provided the doctor with stool samples.
(broadly, countable, uncountable) Feces; excrement. ▸ A production of feces or excrement; an act of defecation, stooling.
- Normal stooling is widely variant. Some infants only have one stool per day, especially those on formula feeding. Others may stool with each feeding. Such frequent stooling is common in breast-fed infants during the first month of life. 2004, Gary A. Emmett, Field Guide to the Normal Newborn, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 132:
(countable, uncountable) A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the deadeyes of the backstays.
- the fore backstay deadeyes and stool had to be lowered 2 feet 1972, The Mariner's Mirror:
(US, countable, dialectal, uncountable) Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to.
(archaic, countable, uncountable) A decoy; a portable piece of wood to which a pigeon is fastened to lure wild birds.
(countable, slang, uncountable) An informer to the police.

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
stoole		alternative	lexicographic
stools	Number=Plur		lexicographic

Translations (191)

de Exkrement (medical jargon for excrement) · sw kiroto (medical jargon for excrement) · gl feces (medical jargon for excrement) · hu zsámoly (a seat) · tr tabure (a seat) · hy աթոռակ (a seat) · et ekskrement (medical jargon for excrement) · so xaar (medical jargon for excrement) · grc δίφρος (a seat) · alt отургуш (a seat) · zza iskeme (a seat) · fo skarn (medical jargon for excrement) · ln ebonga (a seat) · cmn 凳 (a seat) · be сто́лак (a seat) · nl schemel (a seat) · ja ストゥール (a seat) · ky орундук (a seat) · lv izkārnījumi (medical jargon for excrement) · ru прима́нка (a decoy) · et taburet (a seat) · uk табуре́т (a seat) · cy carthion (medical jargon for excrement) · it trespolo (a seat) · te పీట (a seat) · sq stol (a seat) · ko 걸상 (a seat) · sw kiroto (a decoy) · sk stolček (a seat) · af stoel (a seat) · az kətil (a seat) · sk stolička (a seat) · ur اِسْٹُول (a seat) · fi palli (a seat) · mnc ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ (a seat) · ast taburete (a seat) · mk сто́лица (medical jargon for excrement) · fa-ira چَهارْپایِه (a seat) · pt merda (medical jargon for excrement) · de Taburett (a seat) · da taburet (a seat) · pt tamborete (a seat) · lt taburetė (a seat) · rm passcorp (medical jargon for excrement) · es escabel (a seat) · ru табуре́т (a seat) · tl taburete (a seat) · pt banqueta (a seat) · cy stolion (a seat) · gl tallo (a seat) · uk табуре́тка (a seat) · pl stołek (a seat) · nn taburett (a seat) · da skammel (a seat) · sh stòlica (medical jargon for excrement) · pt cocô (medical jargon for excrement) · yue 凳仔 (a seat) · he שְׁרַפְרַף (a seat) · ur تِپائی (a seat) · sh сто̀лица (medical jargon for excrement) · eo tabureto (a seat) · cmn 糞便 /粪便 (medical jargon for excrement) · ml മലം (medical jargon for excrement) · ja スツール (a seat) · uk дзи́ґлик (a seat) · de Kot (medical jargon for excrement) · th อุจจาระ (medical jargon for excrement) · el σκίμπους (a seat) · ja 糞便 (medical jargon for excrement) · mk ко́клица (a seat) · nb taburett (a seat) · et väljaheide (medical jargon for excrement) · lv ķeblis (a seat) · hu bárszék (a seat) · fi jakkara (a seat) · ru стул (medical jargon for excrement) · is kollur (a seat) · io tabureto (a seat) · ky олтургуч (a seat) · mk табуре́тка (a seat) · es banquito (a seat) · el σκαμνί (a seat) · cy stôl (a seat) · ga stól (a seat) · fr tabouret (a seat) · lol ebonga (a seat) · crh kürsü (a seat) · az taburet (a seat) · as মুঢ়া (a seat) · pt fezes (medical jargon for excrement) · de Stuhlgang (medical jargon for excrement) · kk отырғыш (a seat) · es sitial (a seat) · de Stuhl (medical jargon for excrement) · et pink (a seat) · bg табуре́тка (a seat) · fi uloste (medical jargon for excrement) · sq shkam (gheg) (a seat) · gl banqueta (a seat) · hu széklet (medical jargon for excrement) · pt banco (a seat) · ko 스툴 (a seat) · el κόπρανα (medical jargon for excrement) · nan-hbl 椅頭仔 /椅头仔 (a seat) · hi चौकी (a seat) · mk сто́лче (a seat) · nrf scabelle (a seat) · gl meso (a seat) · sl stolček (a seat) · es banqueta (a seat) · te స్టూలు (a seat) · de Schemel (a seat) · it sgabello (a seat) · tr oturak (a seat) · as টুল (a seat) · yi בענקל (a seat) · cs stolička (a seat) · tg чорпояча (a seat) · cmn 凳子 (a seat) · fi jäkki (a seat) · pl stolec (medical jargon for excrement) · fr selle (medical jargon for excrement) · uk ослі́нчик (a seat) · sva კუ̂ილ (a seat) · ka ტაბურეტი (a seat) · alt отургыш (a seat) · lb Hocker (a seat) · wym siymuł (a seat) · cs stolice (medical jargon for excrement) · fo krakkur (a seat) · da afføring (medical jargon for excrement) · et järi (a seat) · uz taburetka (a seat) · pl kał (medical jargon for excrement) · es taburete (a seat) · ru табуре́тка (a seat) · lv taburete (a seat) · et pukk (a seat) · la excrēmentum (medical jargon for excrement) · nb krakk (a seat) · ca tamboret (a seat) · km ជើងម៉ា (a seat) · nl stoelgang (medical jargon for excrement) · et iste (medical jargon for excrement) · nn krakk (a seat) · es taurete (a seat) · xmf კველა (a seat) · es banquillo (a seat) · fa-ira چَارْپایِه (a seat) · hi तिपाई (a seat) · be табурэ́тка (a seat) · de Hocker (a seat) · ko 대변 (medical jargon for excrement) · ang sċamol (a seat) · sv avföring (medical jargon for excrement) · ar مَقْعَدَة (a seat) · et roe (medical jargon for excrement) · et jalapink (a seat) · sw kiroto (a seat) · sh табу̀ре̄ (a seat) · eo seĝeto (a seat) · pl taboret (a seat) · nl kruk (a seat) · ka ჯორკო (a seat) · nl barkruk (a seat) · gl excremento (medical jargon for excrement) · de Exkret (medical jargon for excrement) · nan-hbl 椅仔 (a seat) · ru кал (medical jargon for excrement) · sv pall (a seat) · ro taburet (a seat) · hi पीढ़ा (a seat) · be табурэ́т (a seat) · mr स्टूल (a seat) · it feci (medical jargon for excrement) · gd suidheachan (a seat) · it escremento (medical jargon for excrement) · it scanno (a seat) · uk стіле́ць (a seat) · nan-hbl 椅頭 /椅头 (a seat) · sh tabùrē (a seat) · vi ghế đẩu (a seat) · zza tabure (a seat) · ar مِقْعَد (a seat) · nrf tabouothet (a seat) · pt banquinho (a seat) · kk нәжіс (medical jargon for excrement) · ar بِرَاز (medical jargon for excrement) · ro scaun (medical jargon for excrement) · sk stolica (medical jargon for excrement) · ga fearadh (medical jargon for excrement)

stool en · VERB · etymology 1

Pronunciation

/stʉl/ (Northern-Ireland, Scotland)
/stuːl/
(US) audio

Etymology

From Middle English stool, from Old English stōl (“chair, seat”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian stuul, stölj, Stööl (“chear”), Saterland Frisian Stoul (“chear”), West Frisian stoel (“chair, seat”), Dutch stoel (“chair”), German Stuhl (“chair”), Low German Stohl (“chair”), Luxembourgish Stull (“chair”), Vilamovian śtül (“chair”), Yiddish שתוהל (shsuhl), שטול (shtul, “chair”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stol (“chair”), Faroese stólur (“chair”), Icelandic stóll (“chair”), Crimean Gothic stul (“seat”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls, “chair; throne”), Russian стул (stul, “chair”), Estonian tool (“chair”), Finnish tuoli (“chair”); also Breton and Cornish sevel (“to erect, rise; to build; to lift; to compose; to earn”), Irish sáil, sál (“heel”), Scottish Gaelic sàil (“heel”), Welsh sefyll (“to stand; to stop; to sit”), Latin sistō (“to set; to stop; to stand; to stabilise”), Umbrian 𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (sestu, “to place”), Greek στέκω (stéko), στέκομαι (stékomai, “to stand up”), Albanian shtoj (“to add; to augment; to accumulate”), Lithuanian stálas (“table”), Old Prussian stallan (“table”), Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian стол (stol, “table”), Czech stůl (“table”), Polish stół (“table”), Serbo-Croatian сто̑, сто̑л, stȏ, stȏl (“table”), Slovak stôl (“table”), Slovene stol (“chair”), Armenian երթալ (ertʻal), էթալ (ētʻal, “to go”), Central Kurdish ستوون (stûn, “column”), Pashto ستن (stən, “needle; awl; pin; syringe; post; hand; dragonfly”), Persian ایستادن (ēstādan / istâdan), وایسادن (vâysâdan), وایستادن (vâystâdan, “to stand up; to step; to stay”), ستون (sotun / sutūn, “column”), Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand up”), stûn (“column”), Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”), Hittite 𒋾𒄑𒍣 (tiezzi, “to step; to place oneself”), Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”), Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati, “to stand; to stay”). More at stand.

Meanings

To produce stool: to defecate.
- Two days prior to the consultation, an abdominal radiograph was done because the patient hadn't stooled in a week. No signs of obstruction and no abnormal accumulations of stool were found. 2014, David R. Fleisher, Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: Biopsychosocial Concepts for Clinical Practice, New York, N.Y.: Springer, →ISBN, page 79:
- Normal stooling is widely variant. Some infants only have one stool per day, especially those on formula feeding. Others may stool with each feeding. Such frequent stooling is common in breast-fed infants during the first month of life. 2004, Gary A. Emmett, Field Guide to the Normal Newborn, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 132:
- Infrequent stooling in the first month of life is almost always due to insufficient intake of milk. A baby who is voiding but not stooling or gaining weight may not be receiving enough high fat hindmilk. Stooling frequency will correct itself with additional feeds or making sure the infant receives more hind milk at a feed. 1999, Judith Lauwers with Debbie Shinskie, Counseling the Nursing Mother: A Lactation Consultant's Guide, 3rd edition, Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 204:
To cut down (a plant) until its main stem is close to the ground, resembling a stool, to promote new growth.
- Cutting back to the same position annually is usually referred to as pollarding; cutting nearly to the ground is usually called stooling. Both are good methods of controlling height and maintaining vigor on plants that would normally grow to a large size. […] Those [plants] that generate many small stems crowded together are difficult to pollard so they are normally stooled. Some people refer to stooling as coppice. 2011, Edward F. Gilman, An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, 3rd edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 411:
- The healthier of your two hollies is multi-stemmed, indicating that it was once stooled (cut down to a point just above the ground). It has since grown back vigorously to become a thick, wide tree which enabled it even more to overshadow the one that you say was quite severely pruned last year. 2015 October 23, Helen Yemm, “How to rescue a dying holly tree [print version: Halt weed invasion, a holly tree's last stand, 24 October 2015, page 7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, archived from the original on 29 Oct 2015:

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
stooled	Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part		lexicographic
stooled	Tense=Past		lexicographic
stools	Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres		lexicographic
stoole		alternative	lexicographic
stooling	Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part		lexicographic

Synonyms

defecate

stool en · NOUN · etymology 2

Pronunciation

/stʉl/ (Northern-Ireland, Scotland)
/stuːl/
(US) audio

Etymology

From Latin stolo. See stolon.

Meanings

(alt-of, alternative, rare) Alternative form of stole (“plant from which layers are propagated by bending its branches into the soil; stolon.”).
alt of stole
- The process of layering is well known: it consists in bending a young branch […] into the soil to a certain depth, and elevating the top part of it out of the soil in an upright direction; in time the buried part takes root, and the shoot becomes a perfect plant. The root which produces the young shoots for layering is called the stool. Stools are planted about six feet apart every way in a deep fresh soil. […] Stool. – The root of a tree which has been left in the ground, the produce of another tree, or shoot for saplings, underwood, &c. 1832, George Sinclair, Useful and Ornamental Planting: With an Index, London: Baldwin and Cradock, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, pages 27 and 91:
- Soon after harvest, new shoots emerge from axillary buds on the stubble and give rise to the ratoon crop. Initially the young shoots are dependent upon the roots of the previous crop (stool roots) but these are replaced by new shoot roots […]. 2005, Patrice Cadet with Vaughan W. Spaull, “Nematode Parasites of Sugarcane”, in Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge, editors, Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, 2nd edition, Wallingford, Oxon.; Cambridge, Mass.: CABI Publishing, →ISBN, page 646:

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
stools	Number=Plur		lexicographic

stool en · VERB · etymology 2

Pronunciation

/stʉl/ (Northern-Ireland, Scotland)
/stuːl/
(US) audio

Etymology

From Latin stolo. See stolon.

Meanings

To ramify; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers.
- I worked very hard in the copse of young ash, with my billhook and a shearing-knife; cutting out the saplings where they stooled too close together, making spars to keep for thatching, wall-crooks to drive into the cob, stiles for close sheep hurdles, and handles for rakes, and hoes, and two-bills, of the larger and straighter stuff. 1869, Richard D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, chapter 38:
- In a field experiment planted in spring 1969, the red raspberry 'Glen Clova' was grown both in hedgerows and in stooled rows. Although spur blight (Didymella applanata) and cane botrytis (Botrytis cinerea) were more frequent on canes removed as thinnings from the hedgerows than on those removed from stooled plots, the differences were trivial. 1981, Horticultural Research, volume 21, Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, →OCLC, page 149:
- The plants stooled out well, and yielded a heavy cutting of rather tough cane. In its young state it should make good silage. 1904, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock, Annual Report, →OCLC, page 80:

Forms

Spelling	Features	Source
stooled	Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part	lexicographic
stooled	Tense=Past	lexicographic
stools	Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres	lexicographic
stooling	Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part	lexicographic

stool en · NOUN · etymology 1

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Forms

Coordinates

Deriveds

Hypernyms

Synonyms

Translations (191)

stool en · VERB · etymology 1

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Forms

Synonyms

stool en · NOUN · etymology 2

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Forms

stool en · VERB · etymology 2

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Forms