Skip to content
ontologydriven
Sign out

Dictionary

Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

under en · ADJ

Pronunciation

  • /ˈʌndɚ/ (General-American)
  • ŭnʹ-dər (General-American)
  • /ˈʌndəɾ/ (Scotland)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndə/ (Northern-England)
  • /ˈʌndə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndɐ/ (Northumbria)

Etymology

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”). Cognate with German unter, Dutch onder, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish under, Faroese and Icelandic undir; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Meanings

  1. Lower; beneath something.
    • The advantages he gains are of double security to him ; first, by the support of his haunches, being at all times more under than before, he learns to be more active with his hind-quarters 1835, J G. Peters, A treatise on equitation, or the art of horsemanship, page 179:
    • If you allow the right hand to turn under more than the left, a pull will result, and if the left is more under than the right, a sliced ball will surely follow. 1908, Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles, The American golfer, volumes 1-2, page 10:
    • This treatment protects the under portion of the car from rust.
    • The waves are so steep, they crash so fast and furious I'm more under than up. 2009, Doris Lessing, Briefing for a Descent Into Hell, page 30:
    • (in compounds) underbelly, underside, undershirt, undersecretary
  2. In a state of subordination, submission or defeat.
    • I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection. 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians ix:27:
    • The army could not keep the people under.
    • When ready for sea we went up to Greenhithe, that their lordships might inspect us, and then to Portsmouth, to take troops to Cork, a pleasant trip; but the troops left us a legacy of "mahogany flats," with which their beds were so swarming that we never got them under. 1892, Sir George Giffard, Reminiscences of a Naval Officer, page 45:
  3. (colloquial) Under anesthesia, especially general anesthesia; sedated.
    • “Sam, can we see Pop now?” “Sure Kathy, but he’s been sedated and he’s on morphine to control the pain. He won’t be coherent and he might not recognize any of us.” […] “Dad, we’re here. We came to see you.” There was no response. “Pop, we’re here to see you.” “I guess he’s too far under to recognize us.[…]” 2009, John W. Mangum, chapter 9, in Full Circle: 360°’s of Life, Sonoita, Ariz.: Running Iron Press, →ISBN, page 83:
    • To the anesthetist Moynihan said, “Have a look down the hall, will you, and see if the nurse has the bed ready. And leave the doors open when you come back so we can carry him through. Send anybody but the nurse away. Then come back and give us a hand with him. Not that he’s so heavy . . .” And then to Matthew, “He’s so far under I’m going to wait a bit for the hypo.” 1968, Agatha Young, chapter 44, in I Swear by Apollo, New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 461:
    • Ensure the patient is sufficiently under.
    • She can’t hear us. She’s so far under, that her sensory receptors aren’t working. Her brain regions that regulate waking consciousness and dreaming are shut down. No electrical activity. Only numbness and forgetting. 2007, John Likides, chapter 14, in Infinite Sustain, [Philadelphia, Pa.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 225:
  4. (informal) Having a particular property that is low, especially so as to be insufficient or lacking in a particular respect.
    • My pay packet last week was £10 under.
    • My round of golf today was three under.
    • This chicken is a bit under.
    • This bag of apples feels under.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
more under Degree=Cmp lexicographic
most under Degree=Sup lexicographic

Deriveds

under lock and key (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · brush something under the carpet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underway (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Underhill (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · fromunda cheese (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undercut (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Barton-under-Needwood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under glass (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · triple-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under and over (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · go under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-handedness (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under par (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · keep under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · live under a rock (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-extension (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the surface (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's very nose (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · red under the bed (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's thumb (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the rule (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · have had one's day under the sun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's hand (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · one can't carry two watermelons under one arm (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-manager (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-carter (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underground (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · pop-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · driving under the influence (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-stander (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-dose (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · stand under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · talk someone under the table (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's feet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · put under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · monster under the bed (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under no circumstance (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the loupe (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · suck under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Preston-under-Scar (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undertie (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-sergeant (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under arrest (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under seal (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · draw a line under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the sheets (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · throw under the bus (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's arm (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · parliamentary under secretary (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sweep something under the rug (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Weston-under-Redcastle (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the rug (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the illusion (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the magnifying glass (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under- · under control (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Eaton-under-Heywood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Boughton under Blean (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-educated (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under weigh (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under someone's roof (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · over-and-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · hot under the collar (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · light a fire under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underresource (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · burr under one's saddle (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · fall under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the sun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Newcastle-under-Lyme (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underbrow (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under center (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the spotlight (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · am I under arrest (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underling (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · put someone under the screw (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underthigh (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underwise (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · get under one's goat (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the hood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · up-and-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Wotton-under-Edge (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under pain of (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · bring under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-represented (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-resourced (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · flyunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the weather (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · patient under investigation (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one roof (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · let the grass grow under one's feet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under boob (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under erasure (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-diversify (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-handed (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-served (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · look under rocks (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sell out from under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Weston under Penyard (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underachieve (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · bag under the eye (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under over (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · hereunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under canvas (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-approximation (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underage (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · get under someone's skin (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Stanton under Bardon (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under fire (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's very eyes (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · snowed under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · dunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under a cloud (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · lock under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-eye bag (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Weston-under-Lizard (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underreport (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-spur-leather (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the radar (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · bob under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underneath (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-fired (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · get out from under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · snow under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · knuckle under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · brush something under the rug (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-represent (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · hereinunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the wire (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under cover (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under hatches (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underpuppy (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under no circumstances (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undertow (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · land under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-eye (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · interview under caution (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · take under advisement (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-approximate (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · put someone under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · there is nothing new under the sun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · put one's legs under someone's mahogany (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · bubble under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the pump (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-steward (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underclothes (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sweep something under the carpet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-hedging (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undertrial (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · down under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · cut the ground from under someone's feet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · pull the rug out from under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under way (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-diversification (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · double-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Ascott-under-Wychwood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under a spell (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · knock under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underthought (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · rollunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under hack (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · drink someone under the table (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the table (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · stand from under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under oath (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under ground (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-accommodate (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the bootheel of (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Hope under Dinmore (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · slip under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · take under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · slip under the radar (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · whereunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the microscope (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · up and under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · voice-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · fly-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underarm (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · herring under a fur coat (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under someone's nose (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · buy out from under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under water (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-ripe (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the counter (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the yoke (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undertext (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's wing (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the lee (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · device under test (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · everything under the sun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-awed (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · five-and-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · thereinunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the cosh (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · crossunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · gazunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-accommodating (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-the-table (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underrate (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Ashton-under-Lyne (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undercurrent (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underflush (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the stars (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-petticoat (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · build a fire under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the fist of (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the carpet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the covers (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the jail (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-trial (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under a lucky star (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under sail (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · nothing new under the sun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-accommodation (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-punctuation (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-attended (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underlinen (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underness (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-representation (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under construction (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · plough under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · six feet under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the auspices of (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · thereunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · person under train (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Simple Simon under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underhanded (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the plough (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's hat (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · come under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undereye (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under square (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the impression (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-the-counter (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undercover (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's own steam (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-endowed (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · land down under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the rose (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underworld (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underwater (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the knife (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undersheet (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the hammer (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · bag under one's eye (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-attend (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · squeeze under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · water under the bridge (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · over-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · turn under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-oxygenated (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · buckle under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · drink under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sleep under the same bridge (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the influence (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · one under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · understander (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · the darkest place is under the candlestick (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · drink under the table (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Milton-under-Wychwood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underrobe (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · chicken under a brick (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · pass under the yoke (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Shipton-under-Wychwood (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-tenant (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under protest (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-kimono (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · get under it (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · push under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · get under someone's goat (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under wraps (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the saya (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the breath (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · makeunder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · throw under a bus (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under clothes (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · hide one's light under a bushel (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the gun (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underbody (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · over and under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · time under tension (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sit under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underwing (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · fold under zero pressure (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under tow (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · sail under false colors (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's breath (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-handedly (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · take-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · plow under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under the mahogany (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under correction (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underly (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · dive-under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · cut under (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under one's belt (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-accommodated (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · underhand (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · undermost (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under arms (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · under-grounder (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · Ashton under Hill (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech)) · fly under the radar (Terms derived from under (all parts of speech))

under en · ADP

Pronunciation

  • /ˈʌndɚ/ (General-American)
  • ŭnʹ-dər (General-American)
  • /ˈʌndəɾ/ (Scotland)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndə/ (Northern-England)
  • /ˈʌndə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndɐ/ (Northumbria)

Etymology

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”). Cognate with German unter, Dutch onder, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish under, Faroese and Icelandic undir; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Meanings

  1. Beneath; below; at or to the bottom of, or the area covered or surmounted by.
    • Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge. 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:
    • There is nothing new under the sun.
    • We found some shade under a tree.
    • The little boys in the front bedroom had thrown off their blankets and lay under the sheets. 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:
    • Quick, stuff the cash under the mattress!
    • There is an oil leak under the car.
    • Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime. 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
  2. Beneath; below; at or to the bottom of, or the area covered or surmounted by. ▸ Below the surface of.
    • Who lives in a pineapple under the sea? SpongeBob SquarePants! 1998, “SpongeBob SquarePants Theme”, in Stephen Hillenburg, Derek Drymon (lyrics), SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights:
  3. From one side of to the other, passing beneath.
    • I crawled under the fence.
    • There is a tunnel under the English Channel.
  4. Less than.
    • We can get there in under an hour.
    • If you're under age 55 or so, urinary symptoms may be the result of inflammation of the prostate, called prostatitis. 2026, Kevin Dupzyk, “The Semi-Complete User's Guide to Your Prostate”, in Men's Health, volume 41, number 2, page 21:
    • Interest rates are now under 1%.
  5. Subject to.
    • I can't live under these circumstances.
    • We were constantly under bombardment.
    • The matter is under investigation.
  6. Subject to. ▸ Subordinate to; subject to the control of; in accordance with; in compliance with.
    • He served in World War II under General Omar Bradley.
    • During the pandemic, we had to live under severe restrictions.
    • Under the law and concession agreement with other parties, the private company must pay taxes in time and on a right amount.
    • Dati launched a blistering attack on the prime minister, François Fillon, under whom she served as justice minister, accusing him of sexism, elitism, arrogance and hindering the political advancement of ethnic minorities. 2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in Guardian:
    • He was then denied by a magnificent tackle from captain Terry as Liverpool continued to press - but Chelsea survived as the memories of the nightmare under Villas-Boas faded even further into the background. 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:
    • There is general agreement that his military forces were organized into six divisions. They were stationed at the following places: at Ti-hua under the command of Liu Hsi-tsen, at T'a-ch'eng under Chiang Sung-lin, at Ili under Niu Shih, at A-shan under Wei Chen-kuo, at A-k'o-su under Chang Tzu-t'ing, and at Ko-shih-ko-erh (Kashgar) nominally under Tsou-ying, but in reality under Chin's brother, Chin Shu-chih. 1987, Arthur C. Hasiotis, Jr., Soviet Political, Economic, and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949, Garland Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 62:
  7. Within the category, classification or heading of.
    • I talked Mom into letting me drop out of Girl Scouts and the Marian [redacted]. Let's just put that under "Unsuccessful Challenge." 1965 January 13, Lou Sullivan, Diary:
    • File this under "i" for "ignore".
  8. (figuratively) In the face of; in response to (some attacking force).
    • England's World Cup dreams fell apart under a French onslaught on a night when their shortcomings were brutally exposed at the quarter-final stage. 2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:
    • to collapse under stress; to give in under interrogation
  9. Using or adopting (a name, identity, etc.).
    • He writes books under the name John Smith.
    • J.K. Rowling has written a crime novel called 'The Cuckoo's Calling' under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. 2013, The Huffington Post, JK Rowling Pseudonym: Robert Galbraith's 'The Cuckoo's Calling' Is Actually By Harry Potter Author:
    • She now lives under a new identity.

Antonyms

above · over

Synonyms

beneath · underneath · below

Translations (204)

hu alatt (beneath the surface of) · fi alle (less than) · my အောက် (at a lower level than) · he תַּחַת (at a lower level than) · kk астында (at a lower level than) · cs pod (beneath the surface of) · pl pod (subject to) · tyv адаанда (at a lower level than) · gd fo (beneath the surface of) · fi alla (beneath the surface of) · ca davall (beneath the surface of) · tk aşagynda (at a lower level than) · kmr di bin (at a lower level than) · sh под (at a lower level than) · de unter (subordinate to) · de unter (subject to) · lv apakš (at a lower level than) · id bawah (at a lower level than) · fi vähemmän kuin (less than) · mk под (beneath the surface of) · frm soubs (at a lower level than) · arz تحت (at a lower level than) · kmr di bin ... de (at a lower level than) · fy ûnder (at a lower level than) · hu alatt (at a lower level than) · nrf souôs (at a lower level than) · lo ໃຕ້ (at a lower level than) · ga faoi (at a lower level than) · gd fo (at a lower level than) · mk под (at a lower level than) · frr öner (at a lower level than) · kbd щӏагъ (at a lower level than) · nrf souôs (beneath the surface of) · es bajo (subject to) · tr altında (at a lower level than) · fr sous (at a lower level than) · pl poniżej (less than) · ca sota (beneath the surface of) · ca sota (subordinate to) · stq unner (at a lower level than) · mk помалку од (less than) · nrf souôs (subject to) · pt debaixo (at a lower level than) · nl minder dan (less than) · lv zem (beneath the surface of) · hi ... के नीचे (beneath the surface of) · fur sot (at a lower level than) · ja ...下に (subject to) · tr altında (beneath the surface of) · bg под (at a lower level than) · fi alapuolella (at a lower level than) · nl onder (subject to) · ko ...아래의 (at a lower level than) · cy dan (at a lower level than) · sv under (subject to) · oc sota (at a lower level than) · es sota (subordinate to) · mt taħt (at a lower level than) · fi alla (at a lower level than) · la sub (at a lower level than) · ar تَحْتَ (beneath the surface of) · pl pod (at a lower level than) · ca sota (subject to) · es so (subordinate to) · sv under (at a lower level than) · fr sous (beneath the surface of) · ur ... کے نیچے (beneath the surface of) · ka ქვეშ (at a lower level than) · ru под (at a lower level than) · sc suta (at a lower level than) · ru ни́же (at a lower level than) · es debajo de (beneath the surface of) · nl onder (at a lower level than) · sv under (beneath the surface of) · de weniger als (less than) · tk astynda (at a lower level than) · eo sub (at a lower level than) · klj ast (at a lower level than) · ps لاندی (at a lower level than) · pl mniej niż (less than) · yo lábẹ́ (beneath the surface of) · el κάτω (at a lower level than) · hy տակ (at a lower level than) · tpi ananit (at a lower level than) · zdj ho-ntsini mwa (at a lower level than) · nap a sotto (at a lower level than) · ps د لاندی (at a lower level than) · pt sob (subject to) · af onder (at a lower level than) · frm soubz (at a lower level than) · ro sub (at a lower level than) · sa अधस् (at a lower level than) · es bajo (beneath the surface of) · fr sous (subordinate to) · sq(at a lower level than) · frm soubtz (at a lower level than) · hi ... के नीचे (at a lower level than) · ms di bawah (at a lower level than) · km ក្រោម (at a lower level than) · chr ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ (at a lower level than) · cmn 在...之下 (at a lower level than) · fro sus (at a lower level than) · ca sota (at a lower level than) · ja ...下に (at a lower level than) · dsb pód (beneath the surface of) · es abajo de (less than) · klj asra (at a lower level than) · de unter (beneath the surface of) · is undir (at a lower level than) · rm sut (at a lower level than) · km ខាងក្រោម (at a lower level than) · it sotto (at a lower level than) · hy ներքո (at a lower level than) · ady чӏэгъ (at a lower level than) · pt sob (at a lower level than) · et all (at a lower level than) · rup dighios (at a lower level than) · es sota (subject to) · hy ներքևում (at a lower level than) · fa زیر (at a lower level than) · be пад (beneath the surface of) · ar تَحْتَ (at a lower level than) · de unter (less than) · uz ostida (at a lower level than) · sk pod (at a lower level than) · ko ...아래에서 (at a lower level than) · cy tan (at a lower level than) · ckb لە ژێر ... دا (at a lower level than) · rm suot (at a lower level than) · fi alamainen (subject to) · ms bawah (at a lower level than) · es menos de (less than) · bn নিচে (at a lower level than) · id di bawah (at a lower level than) · sh pod (at a lower level than) · br dindan (at a lower level than) · gd fo (less than) · ja したに (beneath the surface of) · pt menos que/de (less than) · th ภายใต้ (at a lower level than) · cmn 在……底下 (beneath the surface of) · nl onder (beneath the surface of) · grc ὑπό (at a lower level than) · ru под (beneath the surface of) · txb ñor (at a lower level than) · sco unner (at a lower level than) · yo lábẹ́ (at a lower level than) · sv nedan för (at a lower level than) · rm sot (at a lower level than) · pl pod (beneath the surface of) · th ใต้ (at a lower level than) · mn доош (at a lower level than) · fi alempana (at a lower level than) · ca davall (at a lower level than) · pt embaixo de (beneath the surface of) · ca menys de (less than) · dsb pód (at a lower level than) · no under (at a lower level than) · nl onder (less than) · es bajo (at a lower level than) · sl pod (at a lower level than) · es so (subject to) · az altında (at a lower level than) · de unter (at a lower level than) · gd fo (subject to) · sq nën (at a lower level than) · cmn 在……以下 (beneath the surface of) · vi dưới (at a lower level than) · lt po (at a lower level than) · ky астында (at a lower level than) · ja 下に (less than) · dlm sote (at a lower level than) · yi אונטער (at a lower level than) · tpi aninit (at a lower level than) · fr moins de (less than) · tg таҳти (at a lower level than) · fa تحت (at a lower level than) · es so (at a lower level than) · grc ὑπό (beneath the surface of) · ja したに (less than) · mi raro (at a lower level than) · fr sous (subject to) · cic nota' (beneath the surface of) · ja 下に (beneath the surface of) · se vuolde (at a lower level than) · mn дор (at a lower level than) · hy տակ (beneath the surface of) · sv nedanför (at a lower level than) · be пад (at a lower level than) · cs pod (at a lower level than) · ru ни́же (less than) · uk під (beneath the surface of) · es bajo (las órdenes de) (subordinate to) · uk під (at a lower level than) · es debajo de (at a lower level than) · ug ئاستىدا (at a lower level than) · fro souz (at a lower level than) · pt sob (beneath the surface of) · ru ме́ньше (less than) · ko ...아래에 (beneath the surface of) · ro sub (beneath the surface of) · lv zem (at a lower level than) · io sub (at a lower level than) · da under (at a lower level than)

under en · ADV

Pronunciation

  • /ˈʌndɚ/ (General-American)
  • ŭnʹ-dər (General-American)
  • /ˈʌndəɾ/ (Scotland)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndə/ (Northern-England)
  • /ˈʌndə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndɐ/ (Northumbria)

Etymology

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”). Cognate with German unter, Dutch onder, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish under, Faroese and Icelandic undir; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Meanings

  1. (not-comparable) In or to a lower or subordinate position, or a position beneath or below something, physically or figuratively.
    • weighed under by worry
    • The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain / Could not bring his proud soul under. 1825, Thomas Moore, The Minster Boy:
    • pulled under by the currents
  2. (not-comparable) So as to pass beneath something.
    • There's quite a gap, so you may be able to sneak under.
  3. (in-compounds, not-comparable, usually) Less than what is necessary to be adequate or suitable; insufficient.
    • The plants were underwatered.
    • Women are under-represented.
  4. (informal, not-comparable) In or into an unconscious state.
    • It took the hypnotist several minutes to make his subject go under.
  5. (not-comparable) Down to defeat, ruin, or death.
    • The COVID-19 epidemic and shutdown took some businesses under.
    • Big-box store and online retailing have driven many specialty and local retail stores under.

Antonyms

above · over

Synonyms

beneath · below

Translations (17)

eo malsupre (In a way lower or less than) · mba didalum (In a way lower or less than) · fr dessous (In a way lower or less than) · ja したの (In a way inferior to) · tl ibaba (In a way lower or less than) · ca sota (In a way lower or less than) · ce кӏел (In a way lower or less than) · ja 下の (In a way inferior to) · fr moins (In a way inferior to) · inh кӏал (In a way lower or less than) · ja したの (In a way lower or less than) · mrw didalem (In a way lower or less than) · ja 下の (In a way lower or less than) · fi huonommin (In a way inferior to) · ro sub (In a way inferior to) · tpi ananit (In a way inferior to) · hu lent (In a way lower or less than)

under en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /ˈʌndɚ/ (General-American)
  • ŭnʹ-dər (General-American)
  • /ˈʌndəɾ/ (Scotland)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndə/ (Northern-England)
  • /ˈʌndə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • (General-American) audio
  • [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] (General-American)
  • /ˈʊndɐ/ (Northumbria)

Etymology

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”). Cognate with German unter, Dutch onder, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish under, Faroese and Icelandic undir; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Meanings

  1. The amount by which an actual total is less than the expected or required amount.
    • […] standard cash count forms used to record the count and any overs or unders. 2008, G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch, The Principles and Practice of Auditing, page 609:
  2. (informal) Something having a particular property that is low or too low.
    • Usually I am at least ten over on that course, but I have shot a couple of unders.
    • I went fishing but caught nothing but unders.
  3. A bet that a particular sporting statistic, such as points scored in a game, will be below a certain stated value.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
unders Number=Plur lexicographic