under the bootheel of en · X
Meanings
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Subjugated by (an oppressive force).
Serfdom was formally abolished in 1861 as part of the Great Reforms under Alexander II. But the peasantry, the preponderant class in czarist Russia, still lived under the boot heel of patriarchal semi-feudalism.
2004 July 8, Leslie Feinberg, “Gender & sexuality in czarist Russia”, in Workers World: