presumption en · NOUN
Pronunciation
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i? Proto-Italic *prai Proto-Italic *prai- Latin prae- Proto-Indo-European *upó Proto-Italic *supo Latin sub Latin sub- Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₁émeti Proto-Italic *emō Latin emō Latin sūmō Latin praesūmō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin praesūmptum Latin praesūmptiōnembor. Old French presumptionbor. ▲ Latin praesūmptiōnembor. Middle English presumpcioun, presumption English presumption From pre- + Latin sūmptus + -ion, from Middle English presumpcioun, presumption, from Old French presumption and its etymon Latin praesūmptiō.
Meanings
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(countable, uncountable) The act of presuming, or something presumed.
Yet, in contradiction to all these very plausible presumptions, even this remote period teems with its own peculiar and separate instruction.
1832, Thomas De Quincey, “James's History of Charlemagne”, in Blackwood's Magazine:
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(countable, uncountable) The belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true.
The presumption is that an event has taken place.
I have here imputed the Continuance of the War to the mutual Indulgence between our General and Allies, wherein they both so well found their Accounts; to the Fears of the Mony-changers, left their Tables should be overthrown; to the Designs of the Whigs, who apprehended the Loss of their Credit and Employments in a Peace; and to those at home, who held their immoderate Engrossments of Power and Favour, by no other Tenure than their own Presumption upon the Necessity of Affairs.
1711 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), [Jonathan Swift], The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War, 4th edition, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 33:
- (countable, uncountable) The condition upon which something is presumed.
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(countable, dated, uncountable) Arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect.
Thy son I killed for his presumption.
c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:[…]yet even then, I had the preſumption to Dedicate to your Lordſhip: A very unfiniſh'd Piece […]
1693, John Dryden, “[The Dedication]”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page ii:“If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have borne any thing. He might have doubled his presumption to me—but poor Harriet!”
1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 16, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:“Let me be rightly understood. This match, to which you have the presumption to aspire, can never take place. No, never. Mr. Darcy is engaged to my daughter. Now what have you to say?”
1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIV, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 246:Note the preſumption of this Scythian ſlaue: I tel thee villaine, thoſe that lead my horſe Haue to their names tytles of dignitie, And dar’ſt thou bluntly cal me Baiazeth?
c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:
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(countable, uncountable) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.
The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense.
Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19 (1931)
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| presumptions | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Coordinates
theory · surmise · speculation · given · suspicion · assumption · possibility · posit · hunch · inference · supposition · hypothesis · reckoning · conjecture · guess · postulation · presumption · foreguess
Deriveds
presumption of innocence · conclusive presumption · violent presumption · overpresumption
Relateds
Synonyms
Translations (73)
nl aanmatiging (arrogant behaviour) · ca presumpció (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · ru предположе́ние (the condition upon which something is presumed) · de Annahme (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · ro prezumție (arrogant behaviour) · hu feltevés (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · ru надме́нность (arrogant behaviour) · fi otaksuma (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Vermutung (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · de Annahme (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · fr présomption (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · cy rhagdybiaeth (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · mi tīkai (arrogant behaviour) · ru допуще́ние (the condition upon which something is presumed) · ru допуще́ние (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · hu fölényesség (arrogant behaviour) · fi otaksuma (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · ru предположе́ние (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Einbildung (arrogant behaviour) · ru презу́мпция (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · de Übermut (arrogant behaviour) · kk анық-қанығына жету (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · fi olettamus (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · de Unverschämtheit (arrogant behaviour) · de Dünkel (arrogant behaviour) · de Überheblichkeit (arrogant behaviour) · fi otaksuminen (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Präsumtion (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · de Präsumption (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · es presunción (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · bg предположение (the condition upon which something is presumed) · de Dreistheit (arrogant behaviour) · pt suposição (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · mi whakaī (arrogant behaviour) · de Wahrscheinlichkeit (the condition upon which something is presumed) · ro presupunere (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · fi otaksuma (the condition upon which something is presumed) · de Vermutung (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · bg допускане (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · hu feltételezés (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · fi oletus (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · hu pökhendiség (arrogant behaviour) · mi ī (arrogant behaviour) · de Vermuten (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · kk анық-қанығына жету (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Annahme (the condition upon which something is presumed) · ru высокоме́рие (arrogant behaviour) · ru самонаде́янность (arrogant behaviour) · it presunzione (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · nl vermoeden (legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts) · de Vermessenheit (arrogant behaviour) · de Vermutung (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Mutmaßung (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · hu tiszteletlenség (arrogant behaviour) · de Anmaßung (arrogant behaviour) · bg самонадеяност (arrogant behaviour) · ro prezumție (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · hu vélelem (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · ru вероя́тность (the condition upon which something is presumed) · nl vermoeden (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · de Mutmaßung (the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true) · de Dreistigkeit (arrogant behaviour) · ca presumpció (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · bg предположение (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · ca presumpció (the condition upon which something is presumed) · pt presunção (arrogant behaviour) · hu vélelmezés (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · hu kivagyiság (arrogant behaviour) · nl aanname (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Annehmen (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · ang nōþ (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · de Mutmaßen (the act of presuming, or something presumed) · ro prezumție (the act of presuming, or something presumed)