From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
Meanings
(predicative) Facing downwards.
Turn the cloth over so that the patterned side is down.
Each time the 10 cards are reshuffled, your task is to predict the letter on the down side of the top card. 2016, Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West, Maggie E. Toplak, The Rationality Quotient: Toward a Test of Rational Thinking, page 332:
Define the event F as the event that the down face of the die is 1 or 4. 2004, Robert M. Gray, Lee D. Davisson, An Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing, page 170:
You win a dollar if the down side of the card is different to the up side; otherwise, you lose a dollar. 1993, Finite Mathematics: Overrun Edition, Calvert, page 251:
(predicative) At a lower level than before.
Prices are down.
Nationwide, in 2025, homicides were down by about 18% compared with 2024, marking the largest one-year decrease on record. 2026 August 6, Meaghan McDonald, Michael Friedrich, “Why Are Homicides Declining Across the United States?”, in Pew:
The stock market is down.
(informal, predicative) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.
You say you opened up a bicycle wash and the first six customers drowned [...] Is that what’s got you down, pussy cat? 2014 March 30, William Yardley, quoting Eddie Lawrence, “Eddie Lawrence Dies at 95; Comedy's ‘Old Philosopher’”, in New York Times, Arts:
Mary seems very down since she split up with her boyfriend.
Been down so long it seems like up to me
We get down, down, down / We feel sorry for ourselves / We get down, down, down / We all need somebody's help 2011, Rachel Platten, “Overwhelmed”, in Be Here:
(normally in the combination 'down with', predicative) Sick, wounded, or damaged: ▸ Sick or ill.
He is down with the flu.
(not-comparable, of a person, predicative, slang) Sick, wounded, or damaged: ▸ Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.
We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.
There are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.
(of a cow, predicative) Sick, wounded, or damaged: ▸ Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.
a down cow
(not-comparable, of an aircraft, predicative, slang) Sick, wounded, or damaged: ▸ Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.
We have a chopper down near the river.
(not-comparable, predicative) Sick, wounded, or damaged: ▸ Inoperable; out of order; out of service.
The system is down.
(predicative, slang) In prison.
I'm a TS who has been down for over 5 years and will be going up for parole in the next 1 to 3 years. 1988 February 7, Crystal Dawn Boyd, “Let's Start Caring About Ourselves”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 29, page 5:
(predicative) Having a lower score than an opponent.
He was down by a bishop and a pawn after 15 moves.
They are down by 3–0 with just 5 minutes to play.
At 5–1 down, she produced a great comeback to win the set on a tiebreak.
(colloquial, predicative, qualifier:following the noun modified) Out.
Two down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth.
(colloquial, predicative, with "on") Negative about; hostile to.
The prisoners here are down on gays (they bring the outside in here with them when they come in). I sometimes think they hate us because they fear to be us. 1983 August 13, Dennis Stinson, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 5, page 22:
She's been down on clams since a bad case of food poisoning; she's lost her appetite for them.
Asker: Are you down to hang out at the mall? / Answerer: Yeah, as long as you're down with helping me pick a phone.
He's chill enough; he'd probably be totally down with it.
And we could then feel more "down" with more unconscious guilt. 2007, David W. Shave, Small Talk--big Cure!: Talking Your Way to a Better Life, page 58:
Asker: You down? Yes or no? / Answerer: You know I'm down for whatever.
I thought, Oh, Sarah must be one of these super gentle, herbal-tea-drinking, crystal-having kind of people. And she was just super down. She belched like a sailor. 2019 September 30, Jessica Hopper, Sasha Geffen, Jenn Pelly, “Building a Mystery: An Oral History of Lilith Fair”, in Vanity Fair:
Then again, with your name being Juanita Perez, I wasn't sure if you were more down with the Latinos or something. 2001, Omar Tyree, For the Love of Money, page 121:
He said Lunceford's band was smoother and had more musical variety and great show-band novelties, but that there was something about the way we did our things that made us sound more down with it. 2002, Count Basie, Albert Murray, Good Morning Blues: The Autobiography Of Count Basie, page 194:
Near-synonyms: feel like, would like, fancy
(predicative, qualifier:African-American Vernacular, slang) Accepted, respected, or loyally participating in the (thug) community.
Cause you're a whiteboy, you know, an' if you get locked up you gotta be down for the Aryans and the Surenos, you know? You gotta be down. 2009, Mike Flax, L.A. Unified, page 129:
Nigga you ain't down. You heard what Nate said. If you ain't down for the dead homie you sure ain't down for us. 1995, Colors - Volume 4, page 28:
What you mean, 'No'? Man, I thought you was down.
my homies is down so don't arouse my anger 1994, “Gangsta's Paradise”, Coolio (lyrics):
(predicative) Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
Ten minutes down and nothing's happened yet.
Two down and three to go.
(predicative) Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)
I stay with Chloe the longest. When she's not hanging out at the beach parties, she lives in a Japanese garden complete with an arched bridge spanning a pond filled with koi of varying sizes and shapes. Reeds shoot out of the water, rustling when the fish swim through them, and river-washed stones are sprinkled in a bed of sand. Chloe has this whole new Japanese thing down. 2013, P.J. Hoover, Solstice, →ISBN, page 355:
It's two weeks until opening night and our lines are still not down yet.
This, he muſt give me leave to tell him, is an abſolute, right down—falſehood. 1764, Jonathan Mayhew, A Defence of the Observations on the Charter and Conduct of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, London: W. Nicoll, →OCLC, page 84:
(of a tree, predicative, qualifier:limb; etc; limb; etc) Fallen or felled.
The mere fact that there are quantities of trees near by with "loads” of down wood, does not signify that it is desirable camp fuel. 1920, Boys and Girls Bookshelf: A Practical Plan of Character Building ..., page 309:
Left again at 1.05 p.m., and for two miles it was over rolling county with easy grades, but a good deal of down timber. 1897, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Report of the Commissioner ..., page 72:
The average weight of down logs in seven old-growth stands, from 250 to over 900 years old, was 53 tons per acre (118 tonnes/ha); the range was 38 to 70 tons per acre (85 to 156 tonnes/ha). The largest accumulation of down wood recorded for a stand thus far is in the Carbon River Valley […] 1981, Ecological Characteristics of Old-growth Douglas-fir Forests, page 31:
Will you please let me get two loads of down wood. 1935 (printed in 2009), Powell, Shenandoah Letters, 54
(of a train, predicative) Travelling in the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
bg нави́т (comfortable with) · bg нау́чен (thoroughly learned) · eo suba (on a lower level than before) · hu nem működik (inoperable; out of service) · da nedadgående (on a lower level than before) · bg наизусте́н (thoroughly learned) · pt deprimido (depressed) · mk намален (on a lower level than before) · da deprimeret (depressed) · uk не працю́є (inoperable; out of service) · uk сумови́тий (depressed) · bg па́днал (wounded or killed) · fi allapäin (depressed) · fr dépressif (depressed) · fi alhaalla (inoperable; out of service) · ko 멈춘 (inoperable; out of service) · ca baix (on a lower level than before) · gl triste (depressed) · hu üzemen kívül van (inoperable; out of service) · bg опечале́н (depressed) · fr hors-service (inoperable; out of service) · sv nere (depressed) · bg пониже́н (on a lower level than before) · ro deprimat (depressed) · th ต่ำ (on a lower level than before) · eo malsupra (on a lower level than before) · da langt nede (depressed) · bg гото́в (finished; dealt with) · bg проти́вен (negative or hostile to) · ru снижа́ющийся (on a lower level than before) · bg свале́н (wounded or killed) · ru лежащий (inoperable; out of service) · bg изрепети́ран (thoroughly learned) · pt borocoxô (depressed) · ms sedih (depressed) · bg неизпра́вен (inoperable; out of service) · fr HS (inoperable; out of service) · uk сумни́й (depressed) · ca deprimit (depressed) · pt em baixo (inoperable; out of service) · da nede (depressed) · uk зла́маний (inoperable; out of service) · da aftagende (on a lower level than before) · bg пребо́рен (finished; dealt with) · ru печа́льный (depressed) · es que no está funcionando/funcando (inoperable; out of service) · nl depri (depressed) · uk зажу́рений (depressed) · uk журбе́нний (depressed) · bg свале́н ((aircraft) unable to fly) · uk сумува́тий (depressed) · pt triste (depressed) · bg вражде́бен (negative or hostile to) · nl down (depressed) · nl laag (on a lower level than before) · mk потиштен (depressed) · fi alakuloinen (depressed) · bg не рабо́ти (inoperable; out of service) · ro căzut (depressed) · ru пода́вленный (depressed) · bg поти́снат (depressed) · de down (depressed) · da lav (on a lower level than before) · de unten (on a lower level than before) · gl baixo (on a lower level than before) · hu nem üzemel (inoperable; out of service) · bg печа́лен (depressed) · fi alempana (having a lower score) · ca moix (depressed) · nl depressief (depressed) · bg гу́бя с (having a lower score) · uk зни́жений (on a lower level than before) · pt baixo (on a lower level than before) · hu pikkel (negative or hostile to) · bg повале́н (wounded or killed) · fi alempana (on a lower level than before) · uk журни́й (depressed) · mk тажен (depressed) · ms murung (depressed) · sco dowie (depressed) · uk пригні́чений (depressed)
down en · ADP · etymology 1
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
Meanings
From the higher end to the lower of.
We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith. 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
The ball rolled down the hill.
From north to south of.
We sailed down the eastern seaboard.
Towards the mouth of (a river); in the direction of flow of.
In this game we float sticks down the river.
From one end to another of (in any direction); along.
They walked down the beach holding hands.
She got into her Dodge Omni and drove down the curving driveway towards the plantation’s main gate and onto Highway 52. 2026 August 7, Nicholas Muhoro, “Korrina Malinoski, 26, Vanished After an Argument in 1987. Less Than a Year Later, Her 11-Year-Old Daughter Disappeared Too”, in Skip Boring, archived from the original on 07 Aug 2026:
The bus went down the street.
(Ireland, UK) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
I'll see you later down the pub.
(Ireland, UK) To (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
I'm going down the shops.
Forms
Spelling
Features
Labels
Source
doon
Northumbria, alternative
lexicographic
Antonyms
up (antonym(s) of “From the higher end to the lower”)
pt através de (from one end to another) · nl naar beneden (from one end to another) · uk дони́зу (from one end to another) · km ចុះ (from one end to another) · arz لحد (from one end to another) · es por (from one end to another) · ru вниз (from one end to another) · ru вдоль (from one end to another) · ca avall (from one end to another) · be уні́з (from one end to another) · cy lawr (from one end to another) · gd sìos (from one end to another) · gd a-bhàn (from one end to another) · arz لغايت (from one end to another) · uk уни́з (from one end to another) · ko 아래로 (from one end to another) · nl af (from one end to another) · de ab (from one end to another) · ar حَتَى (from one end to another) · da ned ad (from one end to another) · th ลง (from one end to another) · cy i lawr (from one end to another) · sl dôl (from one end to another) · yi דורך (from one end to another) · uk вниз (from one end to another) · gl por (from one end to another) · ru по (from one end to another) · gd le (from one end to another) · bg по (from one end to another) · da hen ad (from one end to another) · uk додо́лу (from one end to another) · pt por (from one end to another) · ar إِلَى (from one end to another) · sco doon (from one end to another) · el κάτω σε (from one end to another)
down en · ADV · etymology 1
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
Meanings
(comparable, not-comparable, usually) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
The cat jumped down from the table.
To her humiliation Jessamy found there were tears trickling down her cheeks. 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, year_published edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 48:
She was so mad she wouldn't speak to me for quite a spell, but at last I coaxed her into going up to Miss Emmeline's room and fetching down a tintype of the missing Deacon man. 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VI, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
Through the open front door ran Jessamy, down the steps to where Kitto was sitting at the bottom with the pram beside him. 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 122:
(not-comparable, usually) To or towards what is considered the bottom of something, irrespective of whether this is presently physically lower.
Go down to the bottom of the page.
As I lay on my back, a pain shot down from my neck to my waist.
(comparable, not-comparable, usually) At a lower or further place or position along a set path.
It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar. 1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:
The company was well down the path to bankruptcy.
His place is farther down the road.
(not-comparable, usually) To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
I went down to Miami for a conference.
(not-comparable, usually) Away from the city (regardless of direction).
1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., p. 12,
But then my Servant who I had intended to take down with me [i.e. from London to Bedfordshire], deceiv’d me;
He went down to Cavan.
down to the country
down on the farm
(not-comparable, usually) At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change.
At the first intersection turn left and walk down, then turn right.
(not-comparable, usually) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
(UK, dated, not-comparable, usually) Away from Oxford or Cambridge.
He's gone back down to Newcastle for Christmas.
(not-comparable, usually) To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.
After the incident, Kelly went down to Second Lieutenant.
Smith was sent down to the minors to work on his batting.
(not-comparable, usually) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).
By moving further down the pitch, the batsman lengthens the distance between the ball and the stumps. 2005 September 14, “LBW explained”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
The charity match, played Sunday afternoon at Cirencester Park Polo Club in Gloucestershire, reached a dramatic climax when Prince Harry tore down the pitch but failed to score what was described as an “open goal”. 2015 May 25, “Frustrated Prince Harry howls as he misses open goal”, in Daily Telegraph:
(not-comparable, usually) So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity.
Please turn the music down!
You need to tone down the rhetoric.
(not-comparable, usually) So as to reduce size, weight or volume.
Thanks to my strict diet, I've slimmed down to eleven stone.
ſtew it gently till quite tender, then take it up and boil down the gravy in the pan to a quart 1788, Mary Cole (cook), The Lady's Complete Guide; or, Cookery in all its Branches, London: G. Kearsley, →OCLC, page 92:
Trim the stick down to a length of about twelve inches.
Boil the mixture down to a syrupy consistency.
At that point I perhaps should have gone back through the interview and changed what I said — slightly re-worded it to better reflect my feelings about the two resolutions. But I did not think to do that. I was caught up in the crunch of trying to get it all ready for publication, and edit it down, not add more explanations to it. 1981 August 29, Nancy Wechsler, “Pornography and the Lawyers Guild”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 7, page 4:
(not-comparable, usually) From less to greater detail.
Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month. 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
This spreadsheet lets you drill down to daily or even hourly sales figures.
(not-comparable, usually) From a remoter or higher antiquity.
These traditions have been handed down over generations.
Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation. 1825 June 17, Daniel Webster, An address delivered at the laying of the corner stone of the Bunker Hill monument, Boston: Cummings, Hilliard, and Co., →OCLC, page 12:
(not-comparable, usually) Into a state of non-operation.
The computer has been shut down.
They closed the shop down.
(not-comparable, usually) So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface.
We need to nail down this carpet so people don't keep tripping over it.
(not-comparable, usually) On paper (or in a durable record).
You need to write down what happened while it's still fresh in your mind.
(not-comparable, usually) So as to be cowed into silence.
The comedy club's audience was known for hooting down timid performers.
The speaker was heckled and shouted down.
(not-comparable, usually) As a down payment.
You can have it, no money down.
We put £100 down on a new sofa.
(in relation to a numbered clued word, not-comparable, qualifier:crosswords, usually) In a downwards direction; vertically.
I'm stuck on 11 down.
(not-comparable, usually) Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration.
He closed operations. / He closed down operations.
He chased answers. / He chased down answers.
(imperative, not-comparable, qualifier:sentence substitute, usually) Get down.
Down, boy! (such as to direct a dog to stand on four legs from two, or to sit from standing on four legs.)
Forms
Spelling
Features
Labels
Source
farthest down
Degree=Sup
lexicographic
doon
Northumbria, alternative
lexicographic
furthest down
Degree=Sup
lexicographic
further down
Degree=Cmp
lexicographic
farther down
Degree=Cmp
lexicographic
Antonyms
up (antonym(s) of “into a state of non-operation”) · up (antonym(s) of “at a lower place”) · back (antonym(s) of “forward, straight ahead”) · up (antonym(s) of) · up (antonym(s) of “from a higher position to a lower one”) · rearwards (antonym(s) of “forward, straight ahead”) · up (antonym(s) of “away from the city”) · across (antonym(s) of “in crosswords”) · backwards (antonym(s) of “forward, straight ahead”)
ml താഴെ (from a high to a low position, downwards) · lv lejup (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fr en bas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mi tonga (to the south) · da nede (into a state of non-operation) · ga síos (from a high to a low position, downwards) · bg надо́лу (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ast afuera (away from the city) · az aşağı (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca fora de servei (into a state of non-operation) · ba түбән (from a high to a low position, downwards) · cmn 下 (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vec xó (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk спе́реду (forward, straight ahead) · grc κάτω (from a high to a low position, downwards) · got 𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌸 (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ast abaxo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ro la sud (to the south) · vec zó (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk уни́з (sentence substitute for "get down") · uk вниз (sentence substitute for "get down") · uk попе́реду (forward, straight ahead) · fi pystysuoraan (in crosswords) · eo suben (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ko 내려가다 (away from the city) · ko 아래에 (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gd sìos (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pt fora (away from the city) · fr descends (sentence substitute for "get down") · fi alaspäin (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ota آشاغی (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca avall (sentence substitute for "get down") · fo oman (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ru кни́зу (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ro spre-n jos (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sq ndër (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fy del (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk уни́з (from a high to a low position, downwards) · rup dighios (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pox ai zimă (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk за мі́стом (away from the city) · pt embaixo (to the south) · fr à bas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · lo ລົງ (from a high to a low position, downwards) · es (para) abajo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fur jù (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ar تَحْت (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pox ardol (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ru вы́ключен (into a state of non-operation) · mt baxx (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vec dho (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gl abaixo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sah аллара (from a high to a low position, downwards) · eo malurben (away from the city) · gd a-nuas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · is niður (from a high to a low position, downwards) · cs dolů (to the south) · da ned (to the south) · vec dóxo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ang niþer (from a high to a low position, downwards) · eo suden (to the south) · uk доліли́ць (from a high to a low position, downwards) · kmr jêr (from a high to a low position, downwards) · oc aval (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sv lodrätt (in crosswords) · ru вниз (from a high to a low position, downwards) · la pessum (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sw chini (into a state of non-operation) · ru на юг (to the south) · bg напре́д (forward, straight ahead) · da nedad (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ar تَحْتَ (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca al sud (to the south) · ko 밑으로 (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sl spodaj (from a high to a low position, downwards) · de runter (from a high to a low position, downwards) · evn хэргиски (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ru вперёд (forward, straight ahead) · ru за́ го́род (away from the city) · sco doon (to the south) · gd a-mach (away from the city) · de geradeaus (forward, straight ahead) · uk по́за мі́стом (away from the city) · es abajo (sentence substitute for "get down") · ca avall (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mt isfel (to the south) · uk півде́нніше (to the south) · gd sìos (into a state of non-operation) · lv uz leju (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca jau! (sentence substitute for "get down") · pl pionowo (in crosswords) · pa ਹੇਠਾਂ (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mk на југ (to the south) · ba аҫҡа (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gv neose (from a high to a low position, downwards) · da ned (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fo niður (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk на пі́вдень (to the south) · eo malsupren (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pt abaixo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pt juso (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk дони́зу (sentence substitute for "get down") · gl abaixo (to the south) · be ўніз (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fr couché (sentence substitute for "get down") · mi pakaru (into a state of non-operation) · gd a-bhuas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sv ned (from a high to a low position, downwards) · el κάτω (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vi xuống (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ko 아래로 (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ja 下に (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vec dabas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fr descendez (sentence substitute for "get down") · sw chini (sentence substitute for "get down") · cs dole (to the south) · nl naar beneden (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ro jos (from a high to a low position, downwards) · lv lejā (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sco doon (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mk надолу (from a high to a low position, downwards) · bg до́лу (sentence substitute for "get down") · pdt rauf (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ga suas (to the south) · ru на ю́ге (to the south) · nn loddrett (in crosswords) · sw chini (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nds dal (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk ви́мкнено (into a state of non-operation) · kmr xwarê (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca vertical (in crosswords) · ca enfora (away from the city) · vec dabaso (from a high to a low position, downwards) · az aşağıya (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk дони́зу (from a high to a low position, downwards) · it abbasso (from a high to a low position, downwards) · it giù (sentence substitute for "get down") · gl fóra (into a state of non-operation) · pl na dół (from a high to a low position, downwards) · kw war-nans (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ast fuera (into a state of non-operation) · hi नीचे (from a high to a low position, downwards) · lmo giò (from a high to a low position, downwards) · bg юг (to the south) · ja 南に (to the south) · ru по вертика́ли (in crosswords) · uk ниць (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nv yaago (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vi vào (to the south) · vec abaso (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nl af (into a state of non-operation) · vec xóxo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · de herunter (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mi iho (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk впере́д (forward, straight ahead) · ko 닫혀 (into a state of non-operation) · rom tele (from a high to a low position, downwards) · it giù (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ru лежит (into a state of non-operation) · uk вниз (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sco doon (into a state of non-operation) · cs ven (away from the city) · gd deas (to the south) · ru за го́родом (away from the city) · ce охьа (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nl neer (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk упере́д (forward, straight ahead) · ko 남쪽으로 (to the south) · km ចុះ (from a high to a low position, downwards) · no ned (from a high to a low position, downwards) · vec zóxo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sk dolu (from a high to a low position, downwards) · cs dolů (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mi ki raro (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk додо́лу (sentence substitute for "get down") · ca tot recte (forward, straight ahead) · de hinunter (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fj ra (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gv sheese (from a high to a low position, downwards) · th ลง (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sv ner (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nl uit (into a state of non-operation) · fa پایین (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gd a-bhàn (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mt ’l isfel (from a high to a low position, downwards) · nl naar beneden (to the south) · ga anuas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ko 꺼져 (into a state of non-operation) · fr sud (to the south) · ur نیچے (from a high to a low position, downwards) · pt para baixo (from a high to a low position, downwards) · gl afora (away from the city) · hi तह (from a high to a low position, downwards) · hu le (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fi etelään (to the south) · ja 下りの (rail transport: away from principal terminus) · uk вертика́льно (in crosswords) · he מַטָּה (from a high to a low position, downwards) · sl južno (to the south) · la deorsum (from a high to a low position, downwards) · fi maahan (sentence substitute for "get down") · ca baixa (sentence substitute for "get down") · uk на пі́вдні (to the south) · ru спусти́ться (sentence substitute for "get down") · nb loddrett (in crosswords) · am ቁልቁል (from a high to a low position, downwards) · mr खाली (from a high to a low position, downwards) · ca baixi (sentence substitute for "get down") · fi alas (from a high to a low position, downwards) · he מאונך (in crosswords) · pl w dół (from a high to a low position, downwards) · uk за мі́сто (away from the city) · ro în jos (from a high to a low position, downwards)
down en · NOUN · etymology 1
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
Meanings
(predicative) A negative aspect; a downer, a downside.
I love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off.
(dated, predicative) A grudge (on someone).
She had a down on me. I don't know what for, I'm sure; because I never said a word. 1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 10:
(predicative) A downer, depressant.
I am on drugs that I don't need to be on. They feel if I'm on a lot of downs, then I won't complain about my prison life 1984 December 29, Gena Spero, “Innocent Lesbian In Prison”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 25, page 4:
(predicative) An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
(predicative) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.
I bet after the third down, the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field.
(predicative, qualifier:crosswording) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
I haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs.
(predicative) The shift or period of time during which a dealer manages a given table before rotating to the next table at a casino or cardroom, which is often 30 minutes.
(predicative) A downstairs room of a two-story house.
She lives in a two-up two-down.
(predicative) Down payment.
(predicative) The lightest quark with a charge number of −¹⁄₃.
Forms
Spelling
Features
Labels
Source
downs
Number=Plur
lexicographic
doon
Northumbria, alternative
lexicographic
Deriveds
downgone (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bag down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · send down for (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downslope (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downpress (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · splashdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hound down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pull-down resistor (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · belt down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lowdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sell down the river (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down upon one's luck (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · guzzle down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · first down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ten toes down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · top-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · flatten down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · keep the rent down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bringdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · fourth down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downfield (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downbow (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downless (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlight (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downshifter (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · gobble down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down to the short strokes (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · while you're down there (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buydown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down memory lane (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · come down upon (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down round (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down route (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlike (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downgyved (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · countdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downspout (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pushdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sugar down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-modulate (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downforce (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downwarp (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downhearted (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · snack down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · swab down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · eyes down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-gyved (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down and distance (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · drilldown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shoot down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · darken down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down the house (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lookdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shut-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down in the dumps (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · seat down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downsome (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downblend (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downslur (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · walk down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downbeat (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · show down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · thistledown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · mix down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · swallow down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcoast (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · plough down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Barwon Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shave down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · drawdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · live down to (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · break-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstrike (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down pat (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · boildown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · get down to (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · copy down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Branton (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · toboggan down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · thin down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downgaze (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lengthen down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downward (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · couch down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · slowing-down time (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · mountdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · breast down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · flat down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · zipper down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · dragger-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlooked (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scrounge down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · skinny down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · you can't keep a good man down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · jaw down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · force down someone's throat (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down to every move on the board (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scrawl down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · glow-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · talkdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstroke (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtick (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buss it down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · douche down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-hole (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · be down with (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · the house down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scrub down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · balance down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downburst (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downpick (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ringdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downfall (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · spindown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · knock-down-and-drag-out (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · knockdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · eiderdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · moondown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downpipe (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downrank (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · a whisper down the lane (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstate (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down at heels (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · strapdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · spooldown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · short down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · eat down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · neckdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downish (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · chalk down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bowl down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hew down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Stonebeck Down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · toss down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · soap down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtone (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · download (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · playdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down someone's alley (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · load down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bust it down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hoot down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstair (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · plow down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · put something down to experience (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · featherdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shrink down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downroute (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Carnon Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · put it down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downness (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · catch someone with their pants down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · clean down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · go down swinging (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downsitting (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · goosedown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downfalling (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · champ down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downsample (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · beard-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · mack down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · go down south (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downthrow (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shove down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lay down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hands-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · window down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcutting (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lamb down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · backdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downflow (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · get down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bump down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · chalk it down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ball down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bust down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downchirp (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlooker (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · up hill and down dell (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · slump down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · flump down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · upside down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bring down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downmass (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buck down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hoedown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bottle down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstreet (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · manage down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · evendown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downable (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcard (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · turtle down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · blaze down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sober down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtube (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · render down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downfold (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down payment (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downflood (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · cast down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-river (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bone down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · cure down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · rinse down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lard down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scrape down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downpressor (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · trickledown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pop down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · officer down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downface (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · builddown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · wolve down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · drydown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · dubdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shine down upon (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · howl down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · snork down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Carrum Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · horf down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downmost (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · tune down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · have down as (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bug down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · whisper down the lane (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · knock down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scribble down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lay the hammer down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · take someone down the garden path (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · third down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downselection (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down with the dust (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · swill down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtempo (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downgauge (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lower-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · hold it down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down the hatch (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · speak down to (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down on one's luck (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · amp down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · climbdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · winnow down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pull the shutters down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · chuck down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · slapdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downtread (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · rip down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lay down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · dig down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shine down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · mixdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Dorset Down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · duck down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down for the count (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · tighten down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · towel down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-tempo (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down in the mouth (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcomer (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downdraft (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downshift (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · power-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · drink down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buss-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · tread down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down and out (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Keilor Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · burn one down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downer (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · up and down house (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down at heel (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lift down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · staredown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ice down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · tail down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downclimb (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ride down on (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downdip (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pyramid down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstroy (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downgoing (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · mop down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · snug down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · teem down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · push down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bolt down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · farm down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · harsh down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down perm (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bid down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · antidown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downbound (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pastedown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-hearted (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · fold-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · drop-down menu (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · East Down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sit one's butt down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downpression (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-page (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · keep one's voice down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bust-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ease down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scour down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downstyle (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · trace down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · dumbed-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · steep-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bar down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · torch down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-crested (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bro down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downblouse (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scale-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlighting (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · plead down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · second down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · whittle down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · warm-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down quark (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down with one's dust (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · stowdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · touchdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · slam down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · shorten down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buy down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downzone (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downed (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · straight up and down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · cleardown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downthrown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · North Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · scoff down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · fasten down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · comb down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · trim down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · fish down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buss down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downlying (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · buff down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · spelldown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · lop down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · Tyrrell Downs (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down-at-the-heel (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · down the plughole (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · flake down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcycle (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downalator (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · smackdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · ride down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downsloping (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sundown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downrange (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downglide (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · party-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · cast-me-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bouncedown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · sdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · pat-down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · showdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · flop down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bunk down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · press down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · clew down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · land down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · camp down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · cramdown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · party down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · downcase (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · bring down the curtain (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · butter down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · turndown (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · wet down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · salt down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down) · have down (Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, preposition, noun, or verb down)
Translations (4)
nl kwart (American football: a single play) · nl ronde (American football: a single play) · ca intent (American football: a single play) · nl down (American football: a single play)
down en · VERB · etymology 1
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
Meanings
(predicative, transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell.
A single rifle shot downed the mighty beast.
The storm downed several old trees along the highway.
(predicative, transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. ▸ Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.).
The helicopter was downed by a surface-to-air missile.
(predicative, transitive) To lower; to put (something) down.
The bell rang for lunch, and the workers downed their tools.
(figuratively, predicative, transitive) To defeat; to overpower.
To down proud hearts that would not willing die. 1725, Philip Sidney, The works of the Honourable Sir Philip Sidney, kt., in prose and verse, London: W. Innys, →OCLC, page 156:
(colloquial, predicative, transitive) To disparage; to put down.
‘I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the Wits, once at our House, – when they talked of Ghosts.’ 1779, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 141:
Now you have a social worker who downs women who are gay! […] I have met a woman and fell in love with her and I still get humiliated and discriminated against because he (social worker) is against homosexuality and is causing a lot of confusion here. 1986 April 12, anonymous author, “One Day I'll Write a Book on This”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
(intransitive, obsolete, predicative, rare) To go or come down; to descend.
...that is, that the trade of the world is too little for us two, therefore one must down. 1933, Arthur Bryant, quoting Samuel Pepys (1664, February 2nd), Samuel Pepys: The Man in the Making, New York: Macmillan, →OCLC, page 215:
(colloquial, predicative, transitive) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty.
After watching people downing drink on the train, I am in need of slaking my own thirst, so I pop into the station's Centurion Bar. 2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 75:
He downed an ale and ordered another.
(Canadian, predicative, transitive) To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession.
He downed it at the seven-yard line.
(predicative, transitive) To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket.
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz?
Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós?
Proto-Celtic *dūnomder.?
Proto-West Germanic *dūnā
Old English dūn
Middle English doune
English down
From Middle English doune, from Old English dūn, from Proto-West Germanic *dūn (“sandhill, dune”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz, *dūnǭ (“pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze, dust”).
Alternatively, perhaps borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“city, fort, stronghold”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”).
Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune. Doublet of Down.
Meanings
(Australia, Southern-England, also, countable, especially, often, plural, predicative, qualifier:often in place names, uncountable) A hill; in England, especially a chalk hill.
...as they muſt needs acknowledge who have been on the Downs of Suſſex, and enjoyed that ravishing Proſpect of the Sea on one Hand, and the Country far and wide on the other. 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation, London: Pr. for S. Smith, →OCLC:
The amateur nature-lover proceeds over the down, appreciating all this as hard as he can appreciate, and anon gazing up at the grey and white cloud shapes melting slowly from this form to that, and showing lakes, and wide expanses, and serene distances of blue between their gaps. 1898, H. G. Wells, Certain Personal Matters: A Collection of Material, Mainly Autobiographical, Lawrence & Bullen, →OCLC, page 256:
She went by dale, and she went by down,
With a single rose in her hair. 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “Lady Clare”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, →OCLC, page 198:
And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown
My bosky acres and my unshrubb'd down 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
We went for a walk over the downs.
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills in south east England.
(countable, plural-normally, predicative, uncountable) A field, especially one used for horse racing.
(UK, countable, in-plural, predicative, uncountable) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.
Seven thousand broad-taild Sheepe gras'd on his Downes; 1636, George Sandys, “A Paraphrase Vpon Iob”, in Early English Books:
pt colina (hill, rolling grassland) · nl veld (field, especially for racing) · nl heuvel (hill, rolling grassland) · da bane (field, especially for racing) · ru холм (hill, rolling grassland) · kw goon (hill, rolling grassland) · bg бъ́рдо (hill, rolling grassland) · fi rata (field, especially for racing) · bg моги́ла (hill, rolling grassland) · bg баи́р (hill, rolling grassland) · hi मैदान (field, especially for racing) · bg хълм (hill, rolling grassland) · mk ритче (hill, rolling grassland) · da højdedrag (hill, rolling grassland) · el λοφάκι (hill, rolling grassland) · uk іподро́м (field, especially for racing) · nl baan (field, especially for racing) · ru безле́сая возвы́шенность (hill, rolling grassland) · uk па́горб (hill, rolling grassland) · fi kumpu (hill, rolling grassland) · fa میدان (field, especially for racing) · de Hügel (hill, rolling grassland)
down en · NOUN · etymology 3
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂nós
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz
Old Norse dúnnbor.
Middle English doun
English down
From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”).
Meanings
(countable, predicative, uncountable) Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
(countable, predicative, uncountable) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
Down or Cotton-Thiſtle. This hath many large Leaves lying on the Ground, ſomewhat cut in, and as it were crumpled on the Edges, of a green Colour on the upper ſide, but covered with long hairy Wool or Cottony Down, ſet with moſt ſharp and cruel pricks 1718, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, London: W. Churchill, →OCLC, page 120:
No candle should light it, neither should any flower adorn it, save for several dried stalks of old and withered thistles, their heads pale with silken down, held in a common glass jar. 1998, Valerie Worth, The Crone's Book of Charms and Spells, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications, →ISBN, page 152:
(countable, predicative, uncountable) The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
But love him as he was, when youthful Grace,
And the firſt Down began to ſhade his face 1717, John Dryden, The Dramatick Works of John Dryden, Esq., volume the fourth, London: Jacob Tonson, →OCLC, page 136:
The servant to whom he put this question was a young fellow with chubby cheeks, small, dull eyes, and a round chin, covered with a colorless down. 1867, Ivan Sergheïevitch Turgenef [i.e., Ivan Turgenev], chapter I, in Eugene Schuyler, transl., Fathers and Sons […], New York, N.Y.: Leypoldt and Holt, →OCLC, page 1:
(countable, predicative, uncountable) That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.
When in the down I sink my head,
Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath. 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “(please specify |part=Prologue or Epilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX)”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
Thou boſom Softneſs! Down of all my Cares!
I cou'd recline my thoughts upon this Breaſt
To a forgetfulneſs of all my Griefs,
And yet be happy: but it wonnot be. 1696, Tho[mas] Southerne, Oroonoko: A Tragedy […], London: […] H[enry] Playford […]; B[enjamin] Tooke […]; [a]nd S. Buckley […], →OCLC, act V, scene the last [iv], pages 76–77:
br dum (soft, immature feathers) · gd clòimh (soft, immature feathers) · ca plomissol (soft, immature feathers) · hu pehely (soft, immature feathers) · gd clòimhteach (soft, immature feathers) · ota توی (soft, immature feathers) · hy բմբուլ (soft, immature feathers) · gl penuxe (soft, immature feathers) · nn dun (soft, immature feathers) · bg мъх (soft hair of the face) · bg мъх (soft, immature feathers) · it pubescenza (the pubescence of plants) · grc λάχνη (soft, immature feathers) · br marbluñv (soft, immature feathers) · cy manblu (soft, immature feathers) · ar زَغَب (the pubescence of plants) · ro puf (the pubescence of plants) · ka ღინღლი (soft, immature feathers) · uk пух (the pubescence of plants) · hu pihe (soft, immature feathers) · es lanugo (soft hair of the face) · ja ダウン (soft, immature feathers) · cy manflew (the pubescence of plants) · tr pufla (soft, immature feathers) · nb dun (soft, immature feathers) · cy manflew (soft hair of the face) · cy goflew (the pubescence of plants) · haw heu (the pubescence of plants) · hu bolyh (the pubescence of plants) · cmn 絮 (the pubescence of plants) · br marblev (soft hair of the face) · kl qivioq (soft, immature feathers) · mi tāhuna (the pubescence of plants) · el πούπουλα (soft, immature feathers) · sk páperie (soft, immature feathers) · nn dun (the pubescence of plants) · es vello (soft hair of the face) · la lānūgō (the pubescence of plants) · es plumón (soft, immature feathers) · ru пух (soft, immature feathers) · fr duvet (soft hair of the face) · eo lanugo (soft hair of the face) · cmn 羽絨 /羽绒 (soft, immature feathers) · ca borrissol (soft, immature feathers) · bg пух (soft, immature feathers) · ga clúmh (soft, immature feathers) · hy աղվամազ (soft, immature feathers) · gl peluxe (soft, immature feathers) · mi hune (soft, immature feathers) · el χνούδι (soft hair of the face) · mk мов (soft, immature feathers) · lt pūkas (soft, immature feathers) · es lanugo (soft hair of the face) · nl dons (soft, immature feathers) · haw heu (soft, immature feathers) · nb dun (the pubescence of plants) · mhr ававун (soft, immature feathers) · hu moholy (the pubescence of plants) · uk пух (soft hair of the face) · pt buço (soft hair of the face) · gl froxel (soft, immature feathers) · pl puch (soft, immature feathers) · de Daune (soft, immature feathers) · kw manbluv (soft, immature feathers) · sl puh (soft, immature feathers) · hu bolyhosság (the pubescence of plants) · uk пух (soft, immature feathers) · ro puf (soft, immature feathers) · mi tāhunga (the pubescence of plants) · it piumino (soft, immature feathers) · da dun (soft, immature feathers) · mk паперје (soft, immature feathers) · ar زَغَب (soft, immature feathers) · ba мамыҡ (soft, immature feathers) · fr duvet (soft, immature feathers) · ka ღინღლი (soft hair of the face) · tr tüy (soft, immature feathers) · th ขนอุย (soft, immature feathers) · tr kuş tüyü (soft, immature feathers) · is dúnn (soft, immature feathers) · es flojel (soft, immature feathers) · hu pihetoll (soft, immature feathers) · ca plomís (soft, immature feathers) · hu pihe (the pubescence of plants) · sv dun (soft, immature feathers) · hu pihe (soft hair of the face) · eo lanugo (soft, immature feathers) · cs chmýří (soft, immature feathers) · ja 羽毛 (soft, immature feathers) · ru пушо́к (soft, immature feathers) · tyz khuôn buốt (soft, immature feathers) · ko 솜털 (soft, immature feathers) · tr ayva tüyü (soft hair of the face) · grc ἴουλος (soft hair of the face) · ar زَغَب (soft hair of the face) · vo daun (soft, immature feathers) · pt penugem (soft, immature feathers) · sco doon (soft, immature feathers) · grc μνοῦς (soft, immature feathers) · fi untuva (soft, immature feathers) · ro tulei (soft hair of the face) · mi tāhune (the pubescence of plants) · ro puf (soft hair of the face) · ja 綿毛 (soft, immature feathers) · la lānūgō (soft hair of the face) · uk пушо́к (soft hair of the face) · ca borrissol (the pubescence of plants) · bo བྱ་སྤུ (soft, immature feathers) · tyz khuôn búa (soft, immature feathers) · cy blewiach (soft hair of the face)
down en · VERB · etymology 3
Pronunciation
/ˈdæʊ̯n/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, Australia, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
/ˈdʌʊ̯n/ (Atlantic-Canada)
/ˈdaːn/ Pittsburgh, General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂nós
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz
Old Norse dúnnbor.
Middle English doun
English down
From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”).
Meanings
(predicative, transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.
What pain to quit the world, just made their own,
Their nest so deeply downed, and built so high ! 1742, Edward Young, The Complaint: or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: R. Dodsley, →OCLC, page 264: