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Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

craven en · ADJ

Pronunciation

  • /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/
  • (Southern-England) audio

Etymology

From Middle English cravant, either borrowed from Old French cravanté (“defeated”), past participle of cravanter (ultimately from Latin crepare), or a modification of creaunt (“defeated”) after craven (“to crave”).

Meanings

  1. Unwilling to fight; lacking even the rudiments of courage; extremely cowardly.
    • Prime Minister Abe's fumbling and craven performance took place on a national holiday in Korea, marking the countrywide uprising against the Japanese colonial rule that began on March 1, 1919. March 1 is also the day in 1932 that Japan chose to inaugurate Manchukuo (after seizing northeastern China). 2010, Bruce Cumings, The Korean War:
    • “But they’ve made some big carve-outs that are just absolute nonsense. There’s no perfect approach to content moderation, but they could at least try to look less transparently craven and incoherent.” 2020 October 12, Andrew Marantz, quoting Dave Willner, “Why Facebook Can’t Fix Itself”, in The New Yorker:
    • The PP has seized on the possibility of an amnesty to rally support and to portray the PSOE leader as craven, dependent on Catalan separatists and hellbent on remaining in office. 2023 September 26, Sam Jones, “Spain elections: Feijóo launches doomed bid to lead country”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
    • To abet Trump’s fake reality, the craven House Republicans refused to put up a plaque honoring the police officers and others who defended the Capitol that awful day. 2025 May 31, Maureen Dowd, “Tech Bro Had to Go”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
    • The poor craven bridegroom said never a word. 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC:
    • Now, I hold no candle for the train operators, and I think that in the main they have been far too craven about any government proposals. But in this instance, they have been badly traduced, led up the hill, and then chucked back down it. 2023 November 15, Christian Wolmar, “Ministers should carry the can for ticket office fiasco”, in RAIL, number 996, page 47:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
most craven Degree=Sup lexicographic
more craven Degree=Cmp lexicographic

Deriveds

cravenly · cravenness · cry craven · uncraven

Synonyms

timid · nidering · dickless · ratlike · chickenshit · timorous · pussylike · kiasi · milk-livered · milky · cowhearted · niddering · cringey · backboneless · niding · pigeon-livered · yellow-bellied · poor-spirited · poltroonish · liver-faced · cowardy · chicken-hearted · retromingent · sissy · hen-hearted · chicken-livered · white-hearted · nerveless · caitiff · invalorous · dough-faced · nithing · unhearty · cowardly · punk · white-livered · lily-livered · heartless · cravenhearted · rabbit-hearted · dastardly · liver-hearted · miching · wimpish · yellow · mouse-hearted · bitch-ass · craven · fainthearted · gutless · base · low-hearted · soft · mousy · pusillanimous · dastard · courageless · cowardish · invertebrate · boneless · spineless · gizzardless · weak-kneed · cowish · chicken · nutless · recrayed · fraidy · candy-assed · fearful

Translations (20)

sh Kukavica (extremely cowardly) · fi pelkurimainen (extremely cowardly) · mk пла́шлив (extremely cowardly) · sv feg (extremely cowardly) · pt covarde (extremely cowardly) · fr lâche (extremely cowardly) · de feige (extremely cowardly) · nl lafhartig (extremely cowardly) · mk мало́душен (extremely cowardly) · cs zbabělý (extremely cowardly) · ga meata (extremely cowardly) · sv mesig (extremely cowardly) · yi פּחדניש (extremely cowardly) · bg страхлив (extremely cowardly) · es cobarde (extremely cowardly) · sh plašljivac (extremely cowardly) · eo poltrona (extremely cowardly) · uk малоду́шний (extremely cowardly) · eo malkuraĝa (extremely cowardly) · ru малоду́шный (extremely cowardly)

craven en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/
  • (Southern-England) audio

Etymology

From Middle English cravant, either borrowed from Old French cravanté (“defeated”), past participle of cravanter (ultimately from Latin crepare), or a modification of creaunt (“defeated”) after craven (“to crave”).

Meanings

  1. (archaic) A coward.
    • He is a craven and a villain else. 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:
    • “God knows I would rather die licked in the fire by the side of my king than to live out my days twitted and scorned as a craven.” 1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 45:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
cravens Number=Plur lexicographic

Synonyms

recreant · yellow back · candy-ass · niddering · coward · jessie · chickenshit · piece of crap · coistril · gutless wonder · niding · milquetoast · quakebuttock · pullet · nancy · cocktail · bottler · sook · nidering · quiche-eater · fraidy cat · shithouse · slag · chicken liver · caitiff · sissy · punk · nidget · piece of shit · pisspants · snool · wheyface · invertebrate · candy-arse · sluggard · nithing · funker · lizard · scaredy cat · scaredy pants · chicken · dog · pussy · pussyhole · quakebreech · poltroon · cowardy custard · craven · weak sister · yellow belly

Translations (20)

is raggeit (coward) · sv mes (coward) · sv feg stackare (coward) · es cobarde (coward) · fi pelkuri (coward) · fr lâche (coward) · de Feigling (coward) · mk стра́шливец (coward) · gd gealtaire (coward) · mk кука́вица (coward) · pt covarde (coward) · cs zbabělec (coward) · bg страхливец (coward) · is bleyða (coward) · ga meatachán (coward) · mk пла́шливец (coward) · de feiger Hund (coward) · tr korkak (coward) · fr couard (coward) · is heigull (coward)

craven en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/
  • (Southern-England) audio

Etymology

From Middle English cravant, either borrowed from Old French cravanté (“defeated”), past participle of cravanter (ultimately from Latin crepare), or a modification of creaunt (“defeated”) after craven (“to crave”).

Meanings

  1. (archaic) To make craven.
    • There is a prohibition so divine / That cravens my weak hand. 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
cravened Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
cravened Tense=Past lexicographic
cravens Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
cravening Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic