-s en · X · etymology 1
Pronunciation
- /z/
- /ɪz/
- /s/
- /əz/ weak vowel merger
Etymology
Inherited from Middle English -s, -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōs, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural endings). The spread of this ending in later Middle English was once argued to have been the result of Anglo-Norman influence; however, -as was already the most common Old English plural marker (used in approximately 40% of Old English nouns), and was initially more common in the North of England where French influence was weakest, only later gradually spreading south, replacing the usual southern plural ending -en. Cognate with Scots -s (plural ending), Saterland Frisian -s (plural ending), West Frisian -s (plural ending), Dutch -s (plural ending), Low German -s (plural ending), Danish -er (plural ending), Swedish -r, -ar, -or (plural ending), Icelandic -ar (plural ending), Gothic -𐍉𐍃 (-ōs, nominative plural ending of a-stem masculine nouns). Not directly related to German -er (plural ending) which has a different origin.
Meanings
-
(morpheme) Used to form regular plurals of nouns.
one computer → five computers; Kennedy → Kennedys; hanger-on → hangers-on; lapful → lapfuls; cul-de-sac → cul-de-sacs; standby → standbys; push-up → push-ups; gin and tonic → gin and tonics; pair → pairs; beef → beefs
-
(morpheme) Used to form many pluralia tantum (nouns that are almost or entirely without singular forms).
sunglasses
shorts
- (morpheme) Used to form many pluralia tantum (nouns that are almost or entirely without singular forms). ▸ Forms names of sciences and fields of studies from adjectives (See Usage notes)
-
(morpheme) When appended to a number ending in at least one 0, expresses a range of numbers which share the digits before some or (usually) all of the 0s; frequently used for decades, centuries and temperatures.
We often look back on the 1960s [the years from 1960 to 1969] with rose-tinted glasses.
High indicators of PFAS (in the 500s) were also found in a Chick-fil-A sandwich wrapper and in fiber bowls at Cava, a Mediterranean restaurant chain. Indicator levels in the 300s and 400s were found in a bag of cookies at Arby’s, bamboo paper plates at Stop & Shop, and in a bag for both cookies and French toast sticks at Burger King. Levels of PFAS indicators in the 200s were found in a Sweetgreen paper bag for focaccia, additional items at Cava, and in bags for french fries, cookies and Chicken McNuggets at McDonald’s.
2022 March 25, Sandee LaMotte, “Dangerous chemicals found in food wrappers at major fast-food restaurants and grocery chains, report says”, in CNN:The Industrial Revolution went into full-swing during the 1800s [the years from 1800 to 1899 – but see usage notes].
The temperature today will be in the low 30s.
He placed in the 200s in the end.
Descendants
-s · -s · -s · -s · -സ് · ズ · -s
Relateds
-z (other plural-forming suffixes) · -en (other plural-forming suffixes) · -es (other plural-forming suffixes) · -i (other plural-forming suffixes) · -a (other plural-forming suffixes)
Translations (197)
sah -дар (regular plurals of nouns) · su ar- (regular plurals of nouns) · my -တို့ (regular plurals of nouns) · pl -a (regular plurals of nouns) · da -e (regular plurals of nouns) · ja 達 (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -ta (regular plurals of nouns) · ko -네 (regular plurals of nouns) · eo -j (regular plurals of nouns) · su -arar- (regular plurals of nouns) · de -s (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -лер (regular plurals of nouns) · he ־ִין (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -tí (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -нор (regular plurals of nouns) · ar ـُونَ (regular plurals of nouns) · vi các (regular plurals of nouns) · el -αίοι (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ατα (regular plurals of nouns) · gl -is (regular plurals of nouns) · su -ar- (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -ydd (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -лар (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -s (regular plurals of nouns) · fr -s (regular plurals of nouns) · nn -er (regular plurals of nouns) · de -e (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -нар (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -en (regular plurals of nouns) · it -e (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -acha (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -au (regular plurals of nouns) · tr -lar (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -лер (regular plurals of nouns) · vi mấy (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -ns (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -e (regular plurals of nouns) · la -ae (regular plurals of nouns) · it -i (regular plurals of nouns) · tl mga (regular plurals of nouns) · el -οι (-oi) (regular plurals of nouns) · ar ـِينَ (regular plurals of nouns) · nl -en (regular plurals of nouns) · am -ዎች (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -anna (regular plurals of nouns) · ca -s (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -s (regular plurals of nouns) · vi những (regular plurals of nouns) · fa ـها (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ές (-és) (regular plurals of nouns) · fi -t (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -дар (regular plurals of nouns) · he ־ֵי (regular plurals of nouns) · lv -s (regular plurals of nouns) · el -α (-a) (regular plurals of nouns) · lt -s (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -í (regular plurals of nouns) · bo ཚོ (regular plurals of nouns) · fa ـهایی (regular plurals of nouns) · th ทั้งหลาย (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -тар (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -ion (regular plurals of nouns) · az -lar (regular plurals of nouns) · de -er (regular plurals of nouns) · eu -ak (regular plurals of nouns) · ja 等 (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -aid (regular plurals of nouns) · el -άδες (-ádes) (regular plurals of nouns) · hu -ök (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -taí (regular plurals of nouns) · fa ـهان (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -iau (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -тер (regular plurals of nouns) · nci -tin (regular plurals of nouns) · pl -i (regular plurals of nouns) · th เหล่า (regular plurals of nouns) · la -ī (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -is (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -ões (regular plurals of nouns) · el -η (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ες (-es) (regular plurals of nouns) · es -s (regular plurals of nouns) · hu -k (regular plurals of nouns) · kmr -an (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -on (regular plurals of nouns) · nci -h (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -дэр (regular plurals of nouns) · da -er (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -лэр (regular plurals of nouns) · he ־וֹת (regular plurals of nouns) · gv -jyn (regular plurals of nouns) · su -al- (regular plurals of nouns) · is -ar (regular plurals of nouns) · gv -aghyn (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -дер (regular plurals of nouns) · et -d (regular plurals of nouns) · de -en (regular plurals of nouns) · el -έδες (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ά (-á) (regular plurals of nouns) · kn -ಗಳು (regular plurals of nouns) · bo དག (regular plurals of nouns) · io -i (regular plurals of nouns) · ro -e (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -aint (regular plurals of nouns) · es -es (regular plurals of nouns) · gug -kuéra (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -тар (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ια (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -a (regular plurals of nouns) · ka -ები (regular plurals of nouns) · gug -nguéra (regular plurals of nouns) · kn -ರು (regular plurals of nouns) · th พวก (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -нөр (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ή (-í) (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -oedd (regular plurals of nouns) · ca -es (regular plurals of nouns) · pcm -s (regular plurals of nouns) · gl -s (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -тар (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -тер (regular plurals of nouns) · ro -i (regular plurals of nouns) · tpw -etá (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -лар (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -i (regular plurals of nouns) · is -a (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -нер (regular plurals of nouns) · ar ـَات (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ήδες (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -тэр (regular plurals of nouns) · sw ma- (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -ãos (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -тар (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -нар (regular plurals of nouns) · sw vi- (regular plurals of nouns) · hnn mga (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -тер (regular plurals of nouns) · ro -uri (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -дор (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -нер (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -төр (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -тор (regular plurals of nouns) · ar ـَانِ (regular plurals of nouns) · fr -x (regular plurals of nouns) · pl -y (depalatalized) (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -od (regular plurals of nouns) · ja 供 (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -дер (regular plurals of nouns) · kw -ow (regular plurals of nouns) · el -οί (-oí) (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -ães (regular plurals of nouns) · my -တွေ (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -edd (regular plurals of nouns) · zh 們 /们 (regular plurals of nouns) · ml -കൾ (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -aigh (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -дар (regular plurals of nouns) · gv -yn (regular plurals of nouns) · nci -meh (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -iaid (regular plurals of nouns) · my -များ (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ηδες (-ides) (regular plurals of nouns) · nb -er (regular plurals of nouns) · he ־ִים (regular plurals of nouns) · kk -лар (regular plurals of nouns) · sv -ar -er -or -r -n (regular plurals of nouns) · nup -zhì (regular plurals of nouns) · tr -ler (regular plurals of nouns) · kw -yow (regular plurals of nouns) · hu -ek (regular plurals of nouns) · kjh -лар (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -дөр (regular plurals of nouns) · eu -ok (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -ed (regular plurals of nouns) · ro -le (regular plurals of nouns) · sw mi- (regular plurals of nouns) · la -a (regular plurals of nouns) · hu -ok (regular plurals of nouns) · ga -te (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -yr (regular plurals of nouns) · ar ـَيْنِ (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -нар (regular plurals of nouns) · pt -es (regular plurals of nouns) · az -lər (regular plurals of nouns) · bo རྣམས (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -лөр (regular plurals of nouns) · hu -ak (regular plurals of nouns) · gl -es (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -нэр (regular plurals of nouns) · ko -들 (regular plurals of nouns) · el -ούδες (-oúdes) (regular plurals of nouns) · sw wa- (regular plurals of nouns) · sah -лор (regular plurals of nouns) · pl -owie (regular plurals of nouns) · tyv -лер (regular plurals of nouns) · cy -ys (regular plurals of nouns) · nl -s (regular plurals of nouns)