Inherited from Middle English -ing, -yng, -ynge, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō (“-ing”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots -in, -in', -ing (“-ing”), Yola -een (“-ing”), Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), German and Luxembourgish -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing, -ning (“-ing”), Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish -ing (“-ing”), French -ange (“-ing”).
Unrelated to Brahui -اِنْگ (-iṅg, “a suffix used to form infinitive or verbal noun from the base verb; -ing”).
Meanings
(morpheme) Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action. ▸ As true nouns.
My hearing is not good.
I have had several meetings with him.
(morpheme) Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action. ▸ As gerunds.
I like meeting people.
There's no escaping the fact that the bodywork needs painting.
Smoking marijuana cigarettes daily is bad for your health.
She has a habit of sleeping late.
(morpheme) Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.
Roofing is material that is used to roof.
Clothing is material with which one is clothed.
The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.
gml -inge (act of doing something) · ia -er (to form gerunds) · fo -ing (to form gerunds) · ms -an (materials, systems of objects) · gl -endo (to form gerunds) · fr -age (to form gerunds) · nds-de -ing (act of doing something) · no -ing (to form gerunds) · ru -а́ние (act of doing something) · es -ando (to form gerunds) · ru -е́ние (act of doing something) · nds-de -inge (act of doing something) · it -zione (-azione f, -uzione f) (act of doing something) · non -ing (materials, systems of objects) · ia -mento (to form gerunds) · fr -tion (act of doing something) · ca -ant (to form gerunds) · gl -ando (to form gerunds) · ngh -ki (to form gerunds) · it -ando (to form gerunds) · fo -ing (act of doing something) · nds-de -en (act of doing something) · is -ing (to form gerunds) · pt -indo (to form gerunds) · km ការ (to form gerunds) · nn -ing (act of doing something) · fa ـش (to form gerunds) · ia -ion (to form gerunds) · pt -endo (to form gerunds) · pt -ando (to form gerunds) · nl -ing (act of doing something) · ms peng--an (to form gerunds) · th การ- (to form gerunds) · fr -age (act of doing something) · ia -ir (to form gerunds) · it -tura (materials, systems of objects) · pl -cie (act of doing something) · ro -re (act of doing something) · pl -anie (to form gerunds) · fi -minen (act of doing something) · ja -こと (to form gerunds) · nds -ung (act of doing something) · eo -ado (to form gerunds) · non -ing (to form gerunds) · it -aggio (act of doing something) · tr -yor (to form gerunds) · sv -ing (act of doing something) · da -ing (act of doing something) · ca -ent (to form gerunds) · ja -の (to form gerunds) · nl -werk (materials, systems of objects) · ru -ля (act of doing something) · th ความ- (to form gerunds) · de -ung (act of doing something) · tr -ma (act of doing something) · fi -minen (to form gerunds) · it -endo (to form gerunds) · nds -d (act of doing something) · da -ing (to form gerunds) · gl -indo (to form gerunds) · nb -ing (act of doing something) · ia -ar (to form gerunds) · ta -அல் (to form gerunds) · ca -int (to form gerunds) · it -mento (act of doing something) · ro -ind (to form gerunds) · nds-de -unge (act of doing something) · yi ־ונג (act of doing something) · nl -ing (to form gerunds) · nds-de -ung (act of doing something) · tr -makta (to form gerunds) · non -ing (act of doing something) · fr -ment (act of doing something) · ru -о́вка (act of doing something) · ro -ând (to form gerunds) · tr -mekte (to form gerunds) · es -iendo (to form gerunds) · pl -cie (to form gerunds) · gml -t (act of doing something) · tr -ış (act of doing something) · fi -nti (to form gerunds) · pl -nie (act of doing something) · fo -ing (materials, systems of objects) · nl -systeem (materials, systems of objects)
From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.
Cognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, Afrikaans -ende, German -end, Low German -end, Danish -ende, Swedish -ande, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant), Persian ـنده (-ande), Polish -ący, -ąc, Czech -oucí, Ukrainian -учий (-učyj), Serbo-Croatian -ući/-ући. More at -and.
Meanings
(morpheme) Used to form present participles of verbs.
It's a very creative job, allowing us a great deal of latitude.
Anybody touching this wire will get a deadly shock.
Rolling stones gather no moss.
I was listening to music while I was driving here.
I wondered what time the play was starting.
a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
If you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary.
We were boogieing from midnight until three o’clock in the morning.
Refusing to apologise, I stormed out the room. I'm regretting doing such a stupid thing already.
My new cabin, which is going to look over the lake, is getting a brand new roof this winter.
When it occurred, I was flying to New York a great deal.
Forms
Spelling
Features
Labels
Source
-in
alternative, colloquial
lexicographic
-ïng
alternative, nonstandard, rare
lexicographic
-in'
alternative, colloquial
lexicographic
Translations (65)
et -v (to form present participles) · ru -я́ющий (to form present participles) · ru -ающий (to form present participles) · sv -ande (to form present participles) · tr -üyor (to form present participles) · de -end (to form present participles) · pt -indo (to form present participles) · tr -iyor (to form present participles) · kmr -ende (to form present participles) · fi -vä (to form present participles) · pt -ando (to form present participles) · pl -ący (to form present participles) · tr -yor (to form present participles) · gl -ando (to form present participles) · nap -anno (to form present participles) · cmn 正在 (to form present participles) · nl -end (to form present participles) · ja ている (to form present participles) · fo -andi (to form present participles) · yue 住 (to form present participles) · ru -ящий (to form present participles) · it -ante (to form present participles) · bzj di (to form present participles) · nap -enno (to form present participles) · ru -еющий (to form present participles) · sv -ende (to form present participles) · es -yendo (to form present participles) · th กำลัง (to form present participles) · ia -iente (to form present participles) · hu -ó (to form present participles) · tr -yan (to form present participles) · pt -endo (to form present participles) · da -ende (to form present participles) · kmr -er (to form present participles) · ru -ущий (to form present participles) · ru -ющий (to form present participles) · is -andi (to form present participles) · fi -va (to form present participles) · gl -indo (to form present participles) · sjo -maħ (to form present participles) · tr -uyor (to form present participles) · hu -ő (to form present participles) · no -ende (to form present participles) · tr -en (to form present participles) · la -ens (to form present participles) · it -ente (to form present participles) · cmn 着 (to form present participles) · es -ando (to form present participles) · eo -anta (to form present participles) · km កំពុង (to form present participles) · ru -щий (to form present participles) · ru -ующий (to form present participles) · tr -ıyor (to form present participles) · yue 緊 /紧 (to form present participles) · fr -ant (to form present participles) · kmr -bar (to form present participles) · ru -ащий (to form present participles) · es estar que (to form present participles) · tr -yen (to form present participles) · tr -an (to form present participles) · ia -ante (to form present participles) · gl -endo (to form present participles) · io -anta (to form present participles) · ia -ente (to form present participles) · cmn 著 (to form present participles)
From Middle English -ynge, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.
Meanings
(idiomatic, morpheme) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite.
Browning, Channing, Ewing
Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting
skill + -ing → shilling
Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing
fourth + -ing → farthing
(morpheme) Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of