without en · ADP
Pronunciation
- [-əu̯t] (Canada)
- /wɪˈðaʊt/ (US)
- [wɪθˈɐʊ̯t] (Canada)
- /wɪθˈaʊt/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- [wɪɾ̥ˈəu̯t] Ottawa Valley
- /wɪθˈaʊt/ (US)
- /wɪˈθaʊt/ (US)
- /wɪðˈaʊt/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- (Canada) audio
- [-ʌʊ̯t] (Canada)
- [wɪðˈɐʊ̯t] (Canada)
- /wɪðˈaʊt/ (US)
- (US) audio
- [wɪθˈɛʊ̯t] (Ontario, Southern)
Etymology
From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).
Meanings
-
(archaic, literary) Outside of, beyond.
MACBETH: There's blood upon your face. FIRST MURDERER: 'Tis Banquo's then. MACBETH: 'Tis better thee without than he within.
c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:[…] though it was pitch-dark, and we were obliged to be escorted by grooms and groomlings with candles and lanterns; a very necessary precaution, as the winds blew not more violently without the house than within.
1835, William Beckford, Italy: With Sketches of Spain and Portugal, volume 1, page 13:[...] nor shall any slave holder be allowed to emancipate his or her slave or slaves without the consent of congress, unless he or she shall send his or her slave or slaves without the limits of the republic [of Texas].
1838 [1836], “Constitution of the Republic of Texas”, in Laws of the Republic of Texas, in Two Volumes, volume 1, Houston, archived from the original on 08 Jun 2021, Provisions, page 19:Without the gate / Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein.
1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:From thence we came without the Eaſtern gate, (ſtanding on a low Banke, called the daughter of Syon, that over-toppeth the valley of Iehoſaphat,) unto an immoveable ſtone, upon the which they ſaid St. Stephen was ſtoned to death, the firſt Martyr of the Chriſtian faith; and the faithfull fore-runner of many noble followers.
1640, William Lithgow, “The Sixt Part”, in The Totall Diſcourſe, Of the rare Adventures, and painefull Peregrinations of long nineteene yeares Travailes from Scotland, to the moſt famous Kingdomes in Europe, Aſia, and Affrica […], London: I. Okes, page 249:Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach.
c. 1689, Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth:
-
Not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.
1967, Paul McCartney (writer), The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Life goes on within you and without you.
It was a mistake to leave my house without a coat.
From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:"Read lips: Without gas or without you? Without you. Without light or without you? Without you. Without water or without you? Without you. Without food or without you? Without you. "Cold, hunger, darkness and thirst are not as terrible and deadly for us as your "friendship and brotherhood."
2022 September 11, Scott McDonald, quoting President Volodymyr Zelensky, “Cold, Hunger and Darkness in Ukraine 'Not as Terrible' as Russia: Zelensky”, in Newsweek, archived from the original on 12 Sep 2022:Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema.
2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:One day my dreams were surely dying, dying, dying baby Just like a flower without rain
1968 December 8, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder, “I’d Be a Fool Right Now”, in For Once in My Life, performed by Stevie Wonder, Tamla Records:I was without formal education but was well read and articulate.
-
Not doing or not having done something.
He likes to eat everything without sharing.
But in the meantime Robin Hood and his band lived quietly in Sherwood Forest, without showing their faces abroad, for Robin knew that it would not be wise for him to be seen in the neighborhood of Nottingham, those in authority being very wroth with him.
1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:Without noticing it I grew old.
Athelstan Arundel walked home[…], foaming and raging. […] He walked the whole way, walking through crowds, and under the noses of dray-horses, carriage-horses, and cart-horses, without taking the least notice of them.
1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 16:He shot without warning anyone.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| wythowte | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| wythoute | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| wythowt | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| withoute | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic |
Antonyms
with · within (antonym(s) of “outside”) · endowed with (antonym(s) of “not having”) · having (antonym(s) of “not having”) · with (antonym(s) of “not having”) · including · characteristic of (antonym(s) of “not having”) · within
Deriveds
without further ado · zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse · without cease · no gain without pain · face without makeup · up shit creek without a paddle · Wokingham Without · without recourse · without a murmur · without accident · without ceremony · without number · cold without · making off without payment · without cause · a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle · syndrome without a name · a prophet is not without honor save in his own country · without welt or guard · without question · distinction without a difference · without a doubt · without day · without prejudice · make bricks without straw · rebel without a clue · fly without a licence · handle without mittens · may the Force be without you · up shit's creek without a paddle · decimal without a zero · minister without portfolio · Life without Death · without a prayer · make off without payment · withoutness · without loss of generality · without book · go without saying · without so much as a by your leave · without biscuits · without a trace · withoutdoors · there's no smoke without fire · without-door · nothing about us without us · handle without gloves · do without · up a creek without a paddle · without a word of a lie · no rose without a thorn · make bricks without straws · times without number · without coffee · without end · world without end · without batting an eyelid · without tea and biscuits · reckon without · without batting an eyelash · absent without leave · without batting an eye · you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs · without blinking an eyelash · without price · without incident · without blinking an eyelid · without trace · it goes without saying · make bricks without clay · without fail · no show without Punch · without fear or favor · up the creek without a paddle · without a shadow of a doubt · rebel without a cause · let him that is without sin cast the first stone · without a scratch · without a hitch · let him who is without sin cast the first stone · absence without leave · without exception · go without · can't live with them and can't live without them · without tears · without blinking an eye · no smoke without fire · without doubt · let he who is without sin cast the first stone · without troubling the scorers · without fear or favour · reckon without one's host
Descendants
Hypernyms
Synonyms
excluding · excusing · sans · -free · devoid of · without · lacking · minus · w/o · neglecting · outwith · with no · void of · -less
Translations (206)
ru без (not having) · uk без (not having) · xpu 𐤁𐤉 (not having) · se haga (not having) · el χωρίς (not having) · be без (not having) · ja ...なしで (not having) · sl brez (not having) · acm ابليا (not having) · sc sèna (not having) · lv bez (not having) · sk bez (not having) · nn utan (not having) · tr -siz (not having) · es sen (not having) · nl zonder (not having) · sq pa (not having) · ur ... کے بنا (not having) · aig bidauten (not having) · ar بِلَا (not having) · haw nele (not having) · yi אָן (not having) · vi không có (not having) · ms تيدق بر- (not having) · yai бе (not having) · lt be (not having) · ary بلا (not having) · myz ࡀࡃࡉࡍࡒࡉࡀ (not having) · cmn 無 /无 (not having) · pt sem (not having) · ur بدون (not having) · vo nen (not having) · nb uten (not having) · qu -nnaq (not having) · af sonder (not having) · ar دُونَ (not having) · wa sins (not having) · vec sensa (not having) · dlm siansa (not having) · ka უ- -ო (not having) · ajp بدون (not having) · tg бе (not having) · fr sans (not having) · arz من غير (not having) · non án (not having) · lo ບໍ່ (not having) · ia sin (not having) · ka გარეშე (not having) · rgn sénza (not having) · he בִּלְעַד (not having) · tr -süz (not having) · ja ...無し (not having) · tr -suz (not having) · tr -sız (not having) · mn -ᠭᠦᠢ (not having) · ajp من دون (not having) · ist sensa (not having) · mi kore (not having) · mfe san (not having) · az -sız (not having) · ms tidak ada (not having) · gd às aonais (not having) · da uden (not having) · mn -гүй (not having) · ms sonder (not having) · fr pas de (not having) · sv utan (not having) · ajp من غير (not having) · yue 冇 (not having) · kk -сіз (not having) · mn үгүй (not having) · nv tʼáágééd (not having) · cmn 沒有 /没有 (not having) · cy heb (not having) · mt mingħajr (not having) · ky -сыз (not having) · sv renons (not having) · fo uttan (not having) · ko ...없으면 (not having) · fa فاقد (not having) · vro ilma (not having) · ast ensin (not having) · tk -syz (not having) · haw ʻole (not having) · ms tidak ber- (not having) · fi ilman (not having) · os ӕнӕ (not having) · fa بدون (not having) · eo sen (not having) · ang būtan (not having) · grc ἄτερ (not having) · ar بِغَيْرِ (not having) · gsw ooni (not having) · se hahttá (not having) · hi विना (not having) · fa فاقد (not having) · bn ছাড়া (not having) · mn ᠦᠭᠡᠢ (not having) · izh ilman (not having) · sw bila (not having) · liv ilmõ (not having) · dsb bźez (not having) · ka უ- -ოდ (not having) · sh bèz (not having) · ckb بەبێ (not having) · fur cence (not having) · is án (not having) · se taga (not having) · my မ...ဘဲ (not having) · lb ouni (not having) · he בְּלִי (not having) · lad sin (not having) · ar مِنْ دُونِ (not having) · it senza (not having) · nrf sans (not having) · acw بِدون (not having) · grc χωρίς (not having) · liv īlma (not having) · ca sense (not having) · fa بدون (not having) · fy sûnder (not having) · gu વિના ( (not having) · la sine (not having) · ms تيدق اد (not having) · hy առանց (not having) · ms سوندر (not having) · th ไร้ (not having) · eu gabe (not having) · ar بِدُونِ (not having) · cs beze (not having) · kk -сыз (not having) · uz -siz (not having) · pl beze (not having) · fi vailla (not having) · ht san (not having) · he לְלֹא (not having) · ms تنڤا (not having) · cs bez (not having) · km ដោយគ្មាន (not having) · es sin (not having) · ps بې (not having) · es sin- (not having) · ko ...없이 (not having) · ro fără (not having) · ajp بلا (not having) · gl sen (not having) · oc sens (not having) · id tanpa (not having) · pjt wiya (not having) · lo ປອດ (not having) · grc ἄνευ (not having) · da foruden (not having) · myz ࡁࡋࡀ (not having) · mk без (not having) · ca sens (not having) · acw مِن غير (not having) · pap sin (not having) · sh бѐз (not having) · el δίχως (not having) · fro sans (not having) · bg без (not having) · ga gan (not having) · sc sène (not having) · fr à l'exclusion de (not having) · pl bez (not having) · ajp بلا (not having) · kmr bê (not having) · hi ...के बिना (not having) · mhr укеште (not having) · fro senz (not having) · ur کے بنا (not having) · ltg bez (not having) · rcf san (not having) · hi बिना (not having) · br hep (not having) · ur بغیر (not having) · gd gun (not having) · sa विना (not having) · rap kokore (not having) · phn 𐤃𐤋 (not having) · io sen (not having) · la absque (not having) · hu nélkül (not having) · fa بی (not having) · ckb بێ (not having) · th ไม่มี (not having) · arc די לא (not having) · fro sanz (not having) · el άνευ (not having) · ms tanpa (not having) · gu વગર (not having) · zdj pvatsina (not having) · de ohne (not having) · lo ຢ່າງໄຮ້ (not having) · bn বিনা (not having) · fa بی (not having) · km គ្មាន (not having) · liv bäs (not having) · eu barik (not having) · kw heb (not having) · fr avec pas de (not having) · fr hormis (not having) · hi बग़ैर (not having) · sc chèntza (not having) · pro ses (not having) · got 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (not having)