roughly en · ADV
Pronunciation
- (US) audio
- /ˈɹʌf.li/ (UK, US)
Etymology
Etymology tree English rough Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *-ê Proto-Germanic *-līkê Proto-West Germanic *-līkē Old English -līċe Middle English -ly English -ly English roughly From rough + -ly.
Meanings
-
In a rough manner; without kindness, softness, or gentleness.
They treated the prisoners roughly [...] slashing pitilessly with their whips to drive them as wretched animals before them.
1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 60:
- Unevenly or irregularly.
-
Without precision or exactness; imprecisely but close to in quantity or amount; approximately.
Of the roughly 400 emerging infectious diseases that have been identified since 1940, more than 60% are zoonotic: ie they came from animals. Throughout history this has been common.
2013 December 6, Alok Jha, “A deadly disease could travel at jet speed around the world. How do we stop it in time?”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 26, page 27:Satanism can be divided, roughly, into two branches: the Luciferians and the Palladists.
1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 259:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| roughlier | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| most roughly | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| roughliest | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| more roughly | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic |
Deriveds
Synonyms
roundly · roughly · all but · -some · about · close · or so · just about · fornigh · thereabout · for all practical purposes · close to · rudely · around · well-nigh · -ish · nearabout · harshly · austerely · ± · virtually · severely · essentially · give or take · nearly · more or less · almost · kind of · approaching · plus or minus · say · imprecisely · by and large · odd · circa · some · loosely · sort of · nigh on · near
Translations (36)
pt aproximadamente (unevenly) · pt a grosso modo (unevenly) · hu egyenetlenül (unevenly) · pt a grosso modo (in a rough manner) · fr approximativement (unevenly) · tr kabaca (in a rough manner) · es a grandes rasgos (approximately) · nv tʼáá naʼńleʼee (in a rough manner) · hu durván (unevenly) · bg неравно (unevenly) · ru гру́бо (unevenly) · bg грубо (in a rough manner) · fi karheasti (in a rough manner) · fr rudement (in a rough manner) · it aprprossimativamente (unevenly) · es toscamente (in a rough manner) · fi karkeasti (unevenly) · pt precariamente (in a rough manner) · de grob (in a rough manner) · hu nyersen (in a rough manner) · cs hrubě (in a rough manner) · sv ungefär (unevenly) · hu gorombán (in a rough manner) · la asperē (in a rough manner) · ru гру́бо (in a rough manner) · de uneben (unevenly) · fi karkeasti (in a rough manner) · ca grossament (in a rough manner) · ka უხეშად (in a rough manner) · sa रभसा (in a rough manner) · it a grosso modo (unevenly) · nl grofweg (unevenly) · hu durván (in a rough manner) · pt rudemente (in a rough manner) · ru неро́вно (unevenly) · fi kovaa (in a rough manner)