Dictionary — ontologydriven

prior en · ADJ · etymology 1

Pronunciation

/ˈpɹɑe.ə/ (Australia)
(California, Southern) audio
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/ (Canada, General-American)
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (New-Zealand)
[ˈpɹɑe̯.ə] (New-Zealand)

Etymology

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin prior (“earlier, former, previous, prior; in front; (figurative) better, superior”), from Proto-Italic *priōs (“earlier, previous”, literally “more before”), ultimately from *pri (“before”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“leading to, toward”) and its etymon *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-jōs (suffix forming comparative adjectives). Doublet of before, fore, and former. The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.

Meanings

(not-comparable) Coming before in order or time; earlier, former, previous.
- Lady Marney, duly warned of the impending catastrophe, was experiencing all the advantages of prior information. 1845, B[enjamin] Disraeli, chapter VI, in Sybil; or The Two Nations. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, book I, page 83:
- [T]he Mayor, […] seemed to have schooled himself into a course of strict mechanical rightness towards this woman of prior claim, at any expense to the later one, and to his own sentiments. 1886 May, Thomas Hardy, chapter XIII, in The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 152:
- His prior residence was smaller than his current one.
- These reconstructions took place with so great ease and rapidity at Abbeville, […] that there is now scarce vestige left of any building prior to the fifteenth century. 1886, John Ruskin, “Rome”, in Præterita. Outlines of Scenes and Thoughts Perhaps Worthy of Memory in My Past Life, volume I, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC, page 280:
- "As these busts in the block of marble," though Miriam, "so does our individual fate exist in the limestone of time. We fancy that we carve it out; but its ultimate shape is prior to all our action." 1860, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “A Sculptor’s Studio”, in The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni. […], volume I, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, pages 148–149:
- Since therefore 'tis poſſible for all objects to become cauſes or effects to each other, it may be proper to fix ſome general rules, by vvhich vve may knovv vvhen they really are ſo. […] 2. The cauſe must be prior to the effect. 1739, [David Hume], “Rules by which to Judge of Causes and Effects”, in A Treatise of Human Nature: […], book I (Of the Understanding), London: […] John Noon, […], →OCLC, part III (Of Knowledge and Probability), pages 303–304:
- I had no prior knowledge you were coming.
(not-comparable) More important or significant.
(not-comparable, qualifier:Bayesian statistics) Chiefly in prior probability: of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.

Translations (44)

tr önsel (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · fr a priori (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ca prèvia (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ru предше́ствовавший (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · fa قبلی (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · it a priori (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ja 事前 (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ug ئاۋۋالقى (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · uk апріо́рний (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · uz avvalgi (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · fr préalable (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · de früher (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ug بالدۇرقى (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · tr önceki (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · la prior (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · bg предшестващ (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ru априо́рный (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · cmn 預先 /预先 (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ro dinainte (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · cmn 先驗 /先验 (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · uz burungi (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · uz ilgarigi (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · de a priori (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ru предше́ствующий (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · it previo (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ru пре́жний (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ja 先んずる (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · bg предишен (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · pt prévio (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ro înainte de (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · fi edellinen (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ja 優先する (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · de vorausgehend (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · cmn 事前 (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · gl previo (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ja 先の (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · ko 사전 (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · ug بۇرۇنقى (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · fi priorinen (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · chg اولکی (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · pt a priori (of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it) · chg بورونغی (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent) · fi tärkeämpi (more important or significant) · de vorherig (coming before in importance, order, or time — see also earlier, former, previous, anterior, antecedent, precedent)

prior en · ADV · etymology 1

Pronunciation

/ˈpɹɑe.ə/ (Australia)
(California, Southern) audio
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/ (Canada, General-American)
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (New-Zealand)
[ˈpɹɑe̯.ə] (New-Zealand)

Etymology

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin prior (“earlier, former, previous, prior; in front; (figurative) better, superior”), from Proto-Italic *priōs (“earlier, previous”, literally “more before”), ultimately from *pri (“before”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“leading to, toward”) and its etymon *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-jōs (suffix forming comparative adjectives). Doublet of before, fore, and former. The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.

Meanings

Chiefly followed by to: in advance, before, previously.
- The doctor had known three months prior.
- From the opening shots of the anonymous young Winterfell boy rushing to catch a glimpse of Jon Snow and Queen Daenerys Targaryen, hearkening back to those moments of the very first episode in which Arya rushed to do the same with an approaching King Robert Baratheon, the series is calling back to its beginning, suggesting (at least for now) that the wheel continues to turn, sending us back into a pattern begun seven seasons prior. 2019 April 14, Alex McLevy, “Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 18 Dec 2020:

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
most prior	Degree=Sup		lexicographic
more prior	Degree=Cmp		lexicographic

Synonyms

ago · hitherto

prior en · NOUN · etymology 1

Pronunciation

/ˈpɹɑe.ə/ (Australia)
(California, Southern) audio
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/ (Canada, General-American)
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (New-Zealand)
[ˈpɹɑe̯.ə] (New-Zealand)

Etymology

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin prior (“earlier, former, previous, prior; in front; (figurative) better, superior”), from Proto-Italic *priōs (“earlier, previous”, literally “more before”), ultimately from *pri (“before”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“leading to, toward”) and its etymon *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-jōs (suffix forming comparative adjectives). Doublet of before, fore, and former. The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.

Meanings

(qualifier:Bayesian statistics) A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.
(broadly, qualifier:Bayesian statistics) A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected. ▸ In the rationalsphere: a belief supported by previous evidence or experience that one can use to make inferences about the future.
- The votes are in, and our priors are confirmed. The truth is that midterms are nearly as predictable as death and taxes: The party that controls the White House always loses and often badly at that. 2022 November 8, Alex Shephard, “The Cards were always Stacked against Democrats”, in Michael Tomasky, editor, The New Republic, New York, N.Y.: The Republic Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 04 Oct 2023:
- During each of these touchpoints, I'm asking myself where and how my thesis on each holding could be wrong. I'm checking each data point as it comes in against my priors. I'm comparing management behavior to what I would be doing if I were in their shoes. 2022 July 29, Dan Roller, “Maran Partners Fund Q2 2022 Letter”, in Seeking Alpha, archived from the original on 08 Dec 2022:
(Canada, US, in-plural) A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's criminal record.
- And a little later we get the routine report on his prints from Washington, and he's got a prior back in Indiana, attempted hold-up six years ago. 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, published 1966, →OCLC, page 47:

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
priors	Number=Plur		lexicographic

Antonyms

posterior · posterior

Deriveds

revise one's priors · update one's priors

Synonyms

antecedent

Translations (13)

ru apriornoje raspredelenije verojatnostej (prior probability distribution) · fi aiempi tuomio (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fr antécédents (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · ro antecedente (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fr casier (judiciaire) (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · de Vorstrafe (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · cmn 前科 (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fi priori (prior probability distribution) · es antecedentes (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fi aiempi rangaistus (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fi priorijakauma (prior probability distribution) · bg досие (previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record) · fi priori (in the rationalsphere: belief supported by previous evidence or experience that one can use to make inferences about the future)

prior en · NOUN · etymology 2

Pronunciation

/ˈpɹɑe.ə/ (Australia)
(California, Southern) audio
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/ (Canada, General-American)
/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ (New-Zealand)
[ˈpɹɑe̯.ə] (New-Zealand)

Etymology

From Middle English priour, prior (“head or deputy head of a monastery or other religious house; predecessor; superior”), from Old English prior, from Anglo-Norman priour, prior, priur, and Old French prior, priur (modern French prieur), and directly from their etymon Latin prior (“ancestor; predecessor”) (whence Late Latin prior (“superior of a religious house or order; abbot; deputy abbot; head of a guild”)), a noun use of prior (“former, previous, prior”, adjective): see etymology 1.

Meanings

A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order. ▸ In an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy; a prior claustral.
- It is not yet an hundred yere a goe, ſince that ſame mayſter doctour was butler in the ſame houſe, whereof I was maiſter and praiour: […] 1532, Thomas More, “The Confutacion of [William] Tyndale’s Aunswere […]. The Eyght Booke in which is Confuted Doctour [Robert] Barnes Church.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, page 791, column 1:
A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order. ▸ The head of a priory (“a monastery which is usually a branch of an abbey”), or some other minor or smaller monastery; a prior conventual.
A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order. ▸ The head friar of a house of friars.
A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order. ▸ The head of the Arrouaisian, Augustinian, and formerly Premonstratensian religious orders.
A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order. ▸ An honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals.
- [I]t hath appertained to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York for the space of four hundred years or thereabouts to have spiritual jurisdiction over all your Grace's subjects dwelling within the provinces; […] in the meantime of vacation the same privilege resteth in the churches of Canterbury and York; and is executed by the prior, dean and chapter of the said churches; […] 1856, James Anthony Froude, “The Parliament of 1529”, in History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], →OCLC, pages 216–217:
(historical) A chief magistrate of the Republic of Florence (1115–1569) in what is now Italy.
- [F]irſt of all among themſelves of the ancienteſt they chuſe three heads or chiefs vvhich they call Priors; and alſo of the youngeſt among them they chuſe tvvo vvho perform the office of Secretaries. The Priors ſit dovvn, having before them a table upon vvhich are placed tvvo balloting boxes of that ſort that are uſed in the Great Council; in one of vvhich are put 40 balls, marked vvith a certain mark, that no deceit may be uſed. The reſt of the 41 ſit alſo dovvn, each vvhere he pleaſes. […] Then they are called one by one before the three Priors, and each one vvrites in his Schedule the name of him vvhom he vvould have to be Duke, and leaves it upon the table. 1673, John Ray, “Of Venice”, in Observations Topographical, Moral, & Physiological; Made in a Journey through part of the Low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France: […], London: […] John Martyn, printer to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 184:
(historical) The elected head of a guild of craftsmen or merchants in some countries in Europe and South America.
(obsolete) A person who is the earliest or most prominent in a field; the chief.
(obsolete) The head of a company.

Forms

Spelling	Features	Labels	Source
priour		alternative	lexicographic
priors	Number=Plur		lexicographic

Coordinates

prioress

Deriveds

subprior · great prior · prior claustral · Jeffreys prior · Stoke Prior · Salford Priors · alien prior · Swaffham Prior · prioral · prioracy · priorly · Shaugh Prior · grand prior · Ditton Priors · Hurstbourne Priors · prior conventual · prioress · priorship

Relateds

priory

Synonyms

provost · dean

Translations (47)

es priora (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · fi priori (head of the Arrouaisian, Augustinian, and formerly Premonstratensian religious orders) · ka პრიორი (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · eo prioro (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · fi priori (honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals) · fr prieur (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · fi priori (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · sv priorinna (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · li prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · eo ĉefabato (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · io prioro (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · fi priori (chief magistrate of the Republic of Florence) · et prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · hu perjel (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · ca prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · is príor (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · fi priori (elected head of a guild of craftsmen or merchants in some countries in Europe and South America) · br priol (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · ga prióir (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · de Prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · fr prieur (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · nb prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · es prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · es prior (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · fi priori (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · bg прио́р (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · gl prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · nl prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · be прыёр (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · sv prior (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · ru прио́р (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · ru настоя́тель (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · pl przeor (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · fi priori (head friar of a house of friars) · fr prieure (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · la prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · cs převor (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · da prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · pt priora (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · uk пріо́р (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · pt prior (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · ur پرائر (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · pt prioresa (head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery) · bg помощник игумен (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · it priore (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · sv prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy) · pt prior (in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy)

wikidata: Q830337 · wikidata: Q830337 · wikidata: Q830337 · wikidata: Q830337 · wikidata: Q830337