Dictionary

hitherto en · ADJ

Pronunciation

[ˌhɪðəɹˈtʰu] (General-American)
/ˌhɪðəɹˈtu/ (General-American)
audio -
(General-American) audio
/ˈhɪðətuː/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈhɪðəɹˌtu/ (General-American)
[ˈhɪðətʰuː] (Received-Pronunciation)
[ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː] (Received-Pronunciation)
[ˈhɪðəɹˌtʰu] (General-American)
/ˌhɪðəˈtuː/ (Received-Pronunciation)

Etymology

The adverb is derived from Middle English hiderto (“to the present time, until now; up to this point”), from hider (“in this direction, to or toward this place; up to the present time, until now”) (from Old English hider (“to here, hither”)) + to (“in the direction of, toward; etc.”). By surface analysis, hither + to. The adjective is derived from the adverb.

Meanings

(archaic, not-comparable) Existing or occurring before now; former, preceding, previous.
- At the same time, then, that the categorical imperative can enjoin nothing without liability to exception but disinterested obedience to itself, it will have no lack of definite content. The particular duties which it enjoins will at least be all those in the practice of which, according to the hitherto experience of men, some progress is made towards the fulfilment of man's capabilities, or some condition necessary to that progress is satisfied. 1883 (date written), Thomas Hill Green, “Characteristics of the Moral Ideal”, in A[ndrew] C[ecil] Bradley, editor, Prolegomena to Ethics, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 1883, →OCLC, paragraph 197, page 207:

Synonyms

precedent · earlier · previous · sometime · erstwhile · quondam · prior · old · hitherto · anterior · past · whilom · foregone · used-to-be · former · antecedent · olden · preceding · ex

hitherto en · ADV

Pronunciation

[ˌhɪðəɹˈtʰu] (General-American)
/ˌhɪðəɹˈtu/ (General-American)
audio -
(General-American) audio
/ˈhɪðətuː/ (Received-Pronunciation)
/ˈhɪðəɹˌtu/ (General-American)
[ˈhɪðətʰuː] (Received-Pronunciation)
[ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː] (Received-Pronunciation)
[ˈhɪðəɹˌtʰu] (General-American)
/ˌhɪðəˈtuː/ (Received-Pronunciation)

Etymology

Meanings

(also, formal, not-comparable) Up to this or that time.
- The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as had hitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind; […] 1830, Anna Maria Porter, chapter X, in The Barony. […], volume III, London: […] [A[ndrew] & R[obert] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 460:
- To the best of my recollection, the origin of the Celebration Parallax arose from the need to defend “affirmative action,” a very unpopular policy since its inception. The party line therefore goes like this: People of color must be granted explicit preferences to overcome America’s “legacy of racism” so that we may “diversify” America’s power centers and end white male dominance, a move that—in addition to being necessary to address the country’s inherent racism—improves those institutions by infusing them with different and hitherto neglected points of view. Also, kids of color need “role models” who “look like themselves.” 2021 July 26, Michael Anton, ““That’s Not Happening and It’s Good That It Is””, in The American Mind, archived from the original on 15 Jul 2022:
- The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. 1888, Karl Marx; Frederick [i.e., Friedrich] Engels, “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party […] Authorized English Translation […], Chicago, Ill.: Charles H[ope] Kerr & Company, published [1910], →OCLC, page 12:
- North of Tain[…], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which have hitherto run close together, diverge. 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and Pleasure on the Far North Line”, in Rail, number 942, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:
- [T]he greateſt and moſt active part of Mankind, has never hetherto been vvell contented vvith the preſent. 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Office of the Soveraign Representative”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 2nd part (Of Common-wealth), page 185:
- All men att the begynnynge⸝ ſett forth goode wyne⸝ And when men be dronke⸝ then thatt which is worſſe: Butt thou haſt kept backe the goode wyne hetherto. 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Gospell off S. Jhon ij:[10], folio cxxj, recto:
- The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than has hitherto been recognised. 2014 March, James Lambert, “Diachronic Stability in Indian English Lexis”, in World Englishes, volume 33, number 1, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 124:
- But Charles, as vvell from unvvillingneſs to alienate a province of ſo much value, as from diſguſt at the Pope, vvho had hitherto refuſed to join in the vvar againſt Francis, rejected the propoſal. 1769, William Robertson, “Book VII”, in The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. […], volume III, London: […] W. and W. Strahan, for W[illiam] Strahan, T[homas] Cadell, […]; and J. Balfour, […], →OCLC, page 10:
(archaic, literary, not-comparable) Up to this place.
- Thus far the very Reputation of Defending our Rights does Service to the Publick, it checks and diſcourages Tyranny, and is the Shore and Sea-dyke againſt Arbitrary Povver, and ſays to its proud VVaves, Hitherto ſhall ye come and no further. 1694, Samuel Johnson, Notes upon the Phœnix Edition of the Pastoral Letter. Part I, London: Printed for the author, →OCLC, page 64:
- Hither to ſhalt thou come, but no further, and here ſhalt thou laye downe thy proude and hye wawes.^([sic – meaning waves]) 1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job xxxviij:[11], folio xi, recto, column 1:
- The Archdeacon hath diuided it / Into three limits very equally: / England from Trent, and Seuerne hitherto, / By South and Eaſt is to my part aſsignd: […] c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], signature F1, recto:
(archaic, literary, not-comparable) In speech or writing: up to this point; thus far.
- The great man dovvne, you marke his fauourite flyes, / The poore aduanc'd, makes friends of enemies, / And hetherto doth loue on fortune tend, / For vvho not needes, ſhall neuer lacke a friend, / And vvho in vvant a hollovv friend doth try, / Directly ſeaſons him his enemy. c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signatures H2, recto – H2, verso:
- "Really, Mr. Collins," cried Elizabeth with some warmth, "you puzzle me exceedingly. If what I have hitherto said can appear to you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my refusal in such a way as to convince you of its being one." 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIX, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 251:
(not-comparable, obsolete) Synonym of hereto (“regarding this subject; to achieve this result; to this end”).
- And the eſpeciall intent of this meeting is, to receive our Biſhops directions for the adminiſtration of the Sacraments and Preaching, as his Articles informe us. Hitherto, if I can but hold me by my text, I hope not to fall into impertinencies. 1635 August 27 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar), John Pocklington, Sunday No Sabbath. A Sermon Preached before the Lord Bishop of Lincolne, at His Lordships Visitation at Ampthill in the County of Bedford, Aug. 17. 1635, London: […] Robert Young, published 1636, →OCLC, page 2:

Translations (99)

cy hyd yn hyn (up to this or that time) · pl dotąd (up to this or that time) · sh dòsada (up to this or that time) · ru пока́ (up to this or that time) · ru доны́не (up to this or that time) · fr jusqu'ici (up to this or that time) · cmn 到目前為止 /到目前为止 (up to this or that time) · fa تاکنون (up to this or that time) · la aliquando (up to this or that time) · de bislang (up to this or that time) · ro până acum (up to this or that time) · de zuvor (up to this or that time) · eo ĝis nun (up to this or that time) · tr -e kadar (up to this or that time) · id hingga kini (up to this or that time) · ko 여태 (up to this or that time) · de bisher (up to this or that time) · fi tähän mennessä (up to this or that time) · sh до̀сад (up to this or that time) · sh до̀сада (up to this or that time) · ka ამ დრომდე (up to this or that time) · de bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt (up to this or that time) · la hucusque (up to this or that time) · fo higartil (up to this or that time) · he עד כה (up to this or that time) · bg дотук (up to this place) · da hidtil (up to this or that time) · ja これまで (up to this or that time) · it fino allora (up to this or that time) · sh dòsad (up to this or that time) · rsk потераз (up to this or that time) · nl tot dusverre (up to this or that time) · sl do zdaj (up to this or that time) · sh dòtada (up to this or that time) · cs až dosud (up to this or that time) · mk досега (up to this or that time) · de bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt (up to this or that time) · hu eddig (up to this or that time) · fr jusqu'alors (up to this or that time) · pt até agora (up to this or that time) · fr jusqu'à présent (up to this or that time) · eo ĝisnune (up to this or that time) · it fino a qui (up to this or that time) · fi sitä ennen (up to this or that time) · ka დღემდე (up to this or that time) · rsk дотераз (up to this or that time) · it fino ad ora (up to this or that time) · fi siihen mennessä (up to this or that time) · la hactenus (up to this or that time) · id sampai sekarang (up to this or that time) · no hittil (up to this or that time) · cs doposud (up to this or that time) · hu addig (up to this or that time) · sv hittills (up to this or that time) · ka უწინ (up to this or that time) · es hasta aquí (up to this or that time) · de bis dahin (up to this or that time) · sh до̀тада (up to this or that time) · fi tähän asti (up to this place) · oc fins ara (up to this or that time) · ar حَتَّى الْآن (up to this or that time) · ru пока́ что (up to this or that time) · cmn 迄今為止 /迄今为止 (up to this or that time) · sh до̀тад (up to this or that time) · es hasta este momento (up to this or that time) · fi aiemmin (up to this or that time) · ro până în acest moment (up to this or that time) · it fin qui (up to this or that time) · ru подне́сь (up to this or that time) · sv dittills (up to this or that time) · te అప్పటివరకు (up to this or that time) · nl tot dusver (up to this or that time) · es hasta ahora (up to this or that time) · te ఇప్పటివరకు (up to this or that time) · oc fins a aquel moment (up to this or that time) · ka აქამომდე (up to this or that time) · la illatenus (up to this or that time) · cmn 至今 (up to this or that time) · ja 今まで (up to this or that time) · sh dòtad (up to this or that time) · it finora (up to this or that time) · ru до сих по́р (up to this or that time) · sv hitintills (up to this or that time) · ka აქამდე (up to this or that time) · de bis dato (up to this or that time) · nl tot nu toe (up to this or that time) · de bis jetzt (up to this or that time) · fr jusqu'à maintenant (up to this or that time) · ja これまでのところ (up to this or that time) · gd thuige seo (up to this or that time) · cmn 迄今 (up to this or that time) · pl dotychczas (up to this or that time) · es en ese entonces (up to this or that time) · nl tot hiertoe (up to this or that time) · tr o ana kadar (up to this or that time) · la adhūc (up to this or that time) · bg досега́ (up to this or that time) · id sampai saat ini (up to this or that time) · nl tot dan toe (up to this or that time)

hitherto en · ADJ

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Synonyms

hitherto en · ADV

Pronunciation

Etymology

Meanings

Antonyms

Hypernyms

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Synonyms

Translations (99)