illegitimate en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmɘt/ (New-Zealand)
- (Southern-England) audio
- /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmət/
- [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmɨt] (General-American)
Etymology
First attested in 1536, from Latin illēgitimus, most likely an adapted borrowing of Middle French illegitime, equivalent to il- + legitimate, see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
Meanings
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Not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards.
Our attitude was that, to put it briefly, our presence there [in South Africa] was legal but illegitimate. We had an abstract right to be there, a birthright, but the basis of that right was fraudulent. Our presence was grounded in a crime, namely colonial conquest, perpetuated by apartheid.
2009, J. M. Coetzee, “Martin”, in Summertime, New York: Viking, page 209:The so-called interstellar space […] has not the properties of ordinary space. It will not conduct sound, nor can a human being move through it. It is therefore illegitimate to measure it in miles.
1927, J. B. S. Haldane, “Possible Worlds”, in Possible Worlds and Other Essays, London: Chatto and Windus:[…] it may be impossible to convince them that the illegitimate power which they obtain, by degrading themselves, is a curse […]
1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 38:
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Not in accordance with the law.
[…] if things went on at this rate it would be doubtful soon whether ever again he would be able to win another election by methods legitimate or illegitimate.
1914, Theodore Dreiser, chapter 54, in The Titan, New York: John Lane, page 475:
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Not sanctioned by marriage.
If we credit the scandal of the former [i.e. his enemies], Artaxerxes sprang from the illegitimate commerce of a tanner’s wife with a common soldier.
1783, Edward Gibbon, chapter 8, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 1, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, page 317:His illegitimate birth deprived him of the influence of a father until perhaps his fifth year […]
1916, chapter 6, in Abraham Brill, transl., Leonardo da Vinci: A Psychosexual Study of an Infantile Reminiscence, New York: Moffat, Yard, page 118:
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Not sanctioned by marriage. ▸ Born to unmarried parents.
an illegitimate child
‘This child,’ said Mr. Brownlow, drawing Oliver to him, and laying his hand upon his head, ‘is your half-brother; the illegitimate son of your father […]’
1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter 51, in Oliver Twist; […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:I am a bastard begot, bastard instructed, bastard in mind, bastard in valour, in every thing illegitimate.
c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vii]:
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(dated) Not sanctioned by marriage. ▸ Having a child or children with a person to whom one is not married.
I heard last night that a what-do-you-call it?—claimant?—has arrived who says Pat Wayne is his illegitimate father.
1935, Carolyn Wells, chapter 13, in The Beautiful Derelict, New York: Triangle Books, page 222:She had only to collect her memories, which proved to her that “anybody” regarded the illegitimate children as more rightfully to be looked shy on and deprived of social advantages than illegitimate fathers.
1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 27, in Daniel Deronda, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:
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Not correctly deduced.
[…] it is illegitimate to reduce an Equation, by subducting from one Side a Quantity when it is not to be destroyed, or when an equal Quantity is not subducted from the other Side of the Equation:
1734, George Berkeley, The Analyst, London: J. Tonson, Section 27, pp. 44-45:an illegitimate inference
[…] in natural things we must have recourse […] to experience. And all reasoning that is not supported so, ought to be repudiated, or at least suspected to be illegitimate.
1658, Kenelm Digby, A Late Discourse […] Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy, London: R. Lownes and T. Davies, page 75:
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Not authorized by good usage; not genuine.
an illegitimate word
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Involving the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers.
illegitimate union; illegitimate fertilization
[…] the legitimate unions between the two forms of the above nine species of Primula are much more fertile than the illegitimate unions; although in the latter case pollen was always taken from a distinct plant of the same form.
1877, Charles Darwin, chapter 1, in The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| more illegitimate | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| most illegitimate | Degree=Sup | lexicographic |
Antonyms
pukka · rulable · uncounterfeited · lawful · acceptable · allowable · leveful · trueborn · permissible · valid · true · unfaked · veritable · rightful · legitimate · licit · bona fide · authentic · real · legit · lubish · legitimate · actual · legal · true · bona fide · legitimate · legitimate · valid · sterling · legitimate · legitimate · legitimate · valid · undissembled · legit · legal · genuine · logical · non-fake · unfeigned · legitimate · rightful · de jure · legitimate · legitimate · unadulterated · licit · legitimate · legitimate
Deriveds
illegitimately · illegitimate theater · illegitimate theatre · illegitimize · illegit · illegitimacy · illegitimateness · illegitimatize · illegitimation
Hyponyms
unfathered · fatherless · unmothered · motherless
Relateds
Synonyms
unwanted · degenerate · falsified · wrongful · extramarital · forged · synthetic · ersatz · phoney · misbegotten · ingenuine · spurious · false · bogus · feigned · illegal · bogus · unlawful · base born · illogical · spurious · lawbreaking · mock · illicit · fabricated · artificial · natural · nonlawful · put-up · pseudo · bastardly · phony-baloney · ingenuine · illegal · illegitimate · criminal · counterfeit · said to be · outlawed · concocted · phony as a three-dollar bill · trumped-up · phony · bad · unauthentic · nonstandard · spurious · illegitimate · bollocks · faux · illicit · sham · natural · baseborn · crimeful · unreal · invalid · base · fake · fraudulent · nameless · unlawful · invalid · illegitimate
Translations (85)
fi laiton (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · ka უკანონო (against the law) · gv sooree (born to unmarried parents) · sv illegitim (born to unmarried parents) · vi đẻ hoang (born to unmarried parents) · eo malrajta (against the law) · da uberettiget (against the law) · gv oainjyragh (born to unmarried parents) · pt ilegítimo (born to unmarried parents) · ru нелега́льный (against the law) · bg неправилен (illogical) · de unrechtmäßig (against the law) · hy ապօրինի (against the law) · pt ilegítimo (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · ga neamhdhlisteanach (born to unmarried parents) · ru нелегити́мный (against the law) · fi epäkelpo (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · fi säännönvastainen (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · ka არაკანონიერი (against the law) · pl nielegalny (against the law) · ka არალეგიტიმური (against the law) · nl onrechtmatig (against the law) · el νόθος (born to unmarried parents) · fr illégitime (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · ru внебрачный (born to unmarried parents) · sv olaglig (against the law) · ja 紛いの (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · es natural (born to unmarried parents) · ro nelegal (against the law) · it illegittimo (born to unmarried parents) · sv lagstridig (against the law) · ca il·legítim (born to unmarried parents) · sv illegitim (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · ru незаконный (born to unmarried parents) · ru незако́нный (against the law) · ga tabhartha (born to unmarried parents) · ru нелигитимный (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · fi epäpätevä (illogical) · eo nelegitima (born to unmarried parents) · da uretmæssig (against the law) · fi väärä (illogical) · fi väärä (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · da ulogisk (illogical) · it illegale (against the law) · tr yolsuz (against the law) · ja 庶出の (born to unmarried parents) · hy ապօրինի (born to unmarried parents) · pt ilegal (against the law) · tr gayrimeşru (born to unmarried parents) · fi avioton (born to unmarried parents) · ja 違法な (against the law) · uk незаконнонаро́джений (born to unmarried parents) · ru противозако́нный (against the law) · la illegitimus (against the law) · sv oäkta (born to unmarried parents) · ca il·legítim (against the law) · da uægteskabelig (born to unmarried parents) · la nothus (born to unmarried parents) · nl illegaal (against the law) · fi epäpätevä (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · da illegitim (born to unmarried parents) · fi lainvastainen (against the law) · fi epälooginen (illogical) · ja 婚外の (born to unmarried parents) · ja 偽の (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · it illegittimo (not genuine; not authorized by good usage) · bg незаконен (against the law) · grc νόθος (born to unmarried parents) · sv illegitim (against the law) · la spurius (born to unmarried parents) · pl nieślubny (born to unmarried parents) · es ilegítimo (born to unmarried parents) · fi kelvoton (not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards) · bg незаконно роден (born to unmarried parents) · sv illegal (against the law) · da uægte (born to unmarried parents) · ro ilegitim (against the law) · fr illégitime (against the law) · fi laiton (against the law) · tr gayrimeşru (against the law) · la illegitimus (born to unmarried parents) · sv utomäktenskaplig (born to unmarried parents) · el παράνομος (against the law) · cs nemanželský (born to unmarried parents) · de illegitim (against the law)