Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *to-der.
Proto-Indo-European *-weder.
Proto-Germanic *þau
Proto-Indo-European *-kʷeder.
Proto-Germanic *-hw
Proto-Germanic *þauh
Proto-West Germanic *þauh
Old English þēah
▲
Proto-Germanic *þauh
Old Norse *þóhder.
Middle English thogh
English though
From Middle English though, thogh, from Old Norse *þóh (later þó). Superseded (in most dialects) Middle English thegh, from Old English þēah (“though, although, even if, that, however, nevertheless, yet, still; whether”). Both the Old Norse and Old English are from Proto-Germanic *þauh (“though”), from Proto-Indo-European *to-, suffixed with Proto-Germanic *-hw < Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”).
Akin to Scots tho (“though”), Saterland Frisian dach (“though”), West Frisian dôch, dochs (“though”), Dutch doch (“though”), German doch (“though”), Danish dog (“though, however”), Swedish dock (“however, still”), Icelandic þó (“though”). More at that.
Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine.[…]One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates have fallen over the centuries, as policing has spread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished. Modern society may not have done anything about war. But peace is a lot more peaceful. 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
I'm not paid to do all this paperwork for you. I will do it this once, though.
So they got married. That, though, was not the end of the story.
(not-comparable, qualifier:degree) Used to intensify statements or questions; indeed.
pl mimo to (however) · ja それでも (however) · hu mindamellett (however) · kk әйткенмен (however) · zza bo zi (however) · pl jednak (however) · kk дегенмен (however) · ca però (however) · pl bez względu na to (however) · id bagaimanapun juga (however) · ca malgrat això (however) · es no obstante (however) · sw ijapokuwahata hivyo (however) · de doch (however) · ia non obstante (however) · el ωστόσο (however) · de allerdings (however) · es pues nada (however) · ru всё-таки (however) · el εν τούτοις (however) · ia benque (however) · oc ni per tot (however) · bg обаче (however) · sco tho (however) · de trotzdem (however) · oc ça que la (however) · hu mindazonáltal (however) · ca tanmateix (however) · fr néanmoins (however) · ca malgrat tot (however) · pt no entanto (however) · pt não obstante (however) · sv dock (however) · kk әйтсе де (however) · it però (however) · fi kuitenkin (however) · it ad ogni modo (however) · cmn 然而 (however) · oc pr'aquò (however) · pt contudo (however) · ia malgrado (however) · wa portant (however) · nb dog (however) · es de todas maneras (however) · el παρά ταύτα (however) · gd ge-tà (however) · cs nicméně (however) · nv ndi (however) · oc pasmens (however) · da dog (however) · fr cependant (however) · nl echter (however) · ja にもかかわらず (however) · hu azért (however) · es pero bueno (however) · ka მაინც (however) · fa گرچه (however) · ur گرچہ (however) · hu mégis (however) · kmr her wiha (however) · enm thogh (however) · ru одна́ко (however) · es de todas formas (however) · ru те́м не ме́нее (however) · it in ogni caso (however) · ms walau bagaimana (however) · uk тим не менш (however) · luo kata kamano (however) · kmr dîsa jî (however) · hu viszont (however) · vo do (however) · nn do (however)
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *to-der.
Proto-Indo-European *-weder.
Proto-Germanic *þau
Proto-Indo-European *-kʷeder.
Proto-Germanic *-hw
Proto-Germanic *þauh
Proto-West Germanic *þauh
Old English þēah
▲
Proto-Germanic *þauh
Old Norse *þóhder.
Middle English thogh
English though
From Middle English though, thogh, from Old Norse *þóh (later þó). Superseded (in most dialects) Middle English thegh, from Old English þēah (“though, although, even if, that, however, nevertheless, yet, still; whether”). Both the Old Norse and Old English are from Proto-Germanic *þauh (“though”), from Proto-Indo-European *to-, suffixed with Proto-Germanic *-hw < Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”).
Akin to Scots tho (“though”), Saterland Frisian dach (“though”), West Frisian dôch, dochs (“though”), Dutch doch (“though”), German doch (“though”), Danish dog (“though, however”), Swedish dock (“however, still”), Icelandic þó (“though”). More at that.
Meanings
Despite the fact that; although.
Though it is risky, it is worth taking the chance.
Astute businessman though he was, my brother was capable of extreme recklessness.
Though we carried a radio, the chance of rescue in many areas was slim, and one man could never haul the boat with the other one on board. 1989 May, Jeff MacInnis, “Braving the Northwest Passage”, in National Geographic, volume 175, number 5, page 591:
Actual perpetrators though they were, the criminals never admitted it in court.
Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill. 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
(archaic) If, that, even if.
And hee said vnto him, If they heare not Moses and the Prophets, neither will they be perswaded, though one rose from the dead. 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 16:31:
"Though we called your friend from his bed this night, he could not speak for you, / "For the race is run by one and one and never by two and two." 1919, Rudyard Kipling, Tomlinson:
We shall be not sorry though the man die tonight.
Walk on through the wind, / Walk on through the rain, / Though your dreams be tossed and blown. 1945, Oscar Hammerstein II, “You’ll Never Walk Alone” (song), in Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Carousel (musical)
ca malgrat (although) · sv fast (although) · ga cé go (although) · de obschon (although) · el μολονότι (although) · es aunque (although) · sl čeprav (although) · hu jóllehet (although) · is þó (although) · it anche se (although) · de obwohl (although) · fr malgré (although) · fi vaikka (although) · eo kvankam (although) · ja だが (although) · ar رَغْم أَنّ (although) · ru несмотря́ на то́, что (although) · da skønt (although) · ca tot i (although) · uk незважа́ючи на те, що (although) · es a pesar de (although) · id meski (although) · nl hoewel (although) · ru хотя́ (although) · ja だけれども (although) · sk hoci (although) · da selv om (although) · el έστω και αν (although) · pl aczkolwiek (although) · sv fastän (although) · pl chociaż (although) · ru хоть и (although) · pl choć (although) · cs ačkoli (although) · ms walau (although) · is þótt (although) · no selv om (although) · fr bien que (although) · fi vaikkakaan (although) · el καίτοι (although) · enm thogh (although) · id walau (although) · zza velev (although) · ro deși (although) · de obgleich (although) · pt apesar de (although) · hu habár (although) · bg макар че (although) · hu noha (although) · fr cependant (although) · es maguer (disused) (although) · ka მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ (although) · nv ndi (although) · ca tot i que (although) · hu bár (although) · sv även om (although) · hu viszont (although) · es sin embargo (although) · cmn 尽管 (although) · uk хоча́ (although) · el αν και (although) · ro chiar dacă (although) · ja だけど (although) · ca encara que (although) · ca malgrat tot (although) · cmn 虽然 (although) · hu ámbár (although) · pt embora (although)