raw en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /ɹɑ/ cot–caught merger, father-bother merger
- /ɹɔː/ (UK)
- (US) audio
- rô (UK)
- /ɹɔː(ɹ)/ intrusive R
- rä cot–caught merger, father-bother merger
- /ɹɔ/ (US)
- rô (US)
Etymology
From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish rå (“raw”), Faroese ráur (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree. Doublet of crude.
Meanings
-
(of food) Not cooked.
There's nothing but raw fish in the freezer.
He ate raw beef for dinner.
A flying fish is excellent to eat raw and I would not have to cut him up.
1952 September 1, Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 66:
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(of food) Not cooked. ▸ Subsisting on, or pertaining to, a diet of raw food.
I was 100% raw from 2014 until early 2018.
-
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. (of materials, products, etc.)
raw sewage
Volatiles of kecap manis and its raw materials were extracted using Likens-Nickerson apparatus with diethyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extracts were then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated using a rotary evaporator followed by flushing using nitrogen until the volume was about 0.5 ml.
1997, A. J. Taylor, D. S. Mothram, editors, Flavour Science: Recent Developments, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 63:raw cane sugar
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Having had the skin removed or abraded; chafed, tender; exposed, lacerated.
‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were like great sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared.[…]’
1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 7, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:a raw wound
-
New or inexperienced.
a raw beginner
-
Crude in quality; rough, uneven, unsophisticated.
a raw voice
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(of data) Uncorrected, without analysis.
What makes Mexico worrying is not just the raw numbers but the power of the cartels over society.
2010, "Under the volcano", The Economist, 16 Oct 2010
-
Unpleasantly cold or damp. (of weather)
He made Yossarian think of cripples and of cold and hungry men and women, and of all the dumb, passive, devout mothers with catatonic eyes nursing infants outdoors that same night with chilled animal udders bared insensibly to that same raw rain.
1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 428:a raw and gusty day
1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:a raw wind
[…] I never liked long walks, especially on chilly afternoons: dreadful to me was the coming home in the raw twilight, with nipped fingers and toes, […]
1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter I, in Jane Eyre. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 1:
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Unmasked, undisguised, strongly expressed. (of an emotion, personality, etc.)
raw emotion
-
Candid in a representation of unpleasant facts, conditions, etc.
a raw description of the American political arena
- Unrefined, crude, or insensitive, especially with reference to sexual matters. (of language)
-
(slang) Without a condom.
raw sex
-
(obsolete) Not covered; bare; bald.
with scull all raw
1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 11:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| rawer | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| rawest | Degree=Sup | lexicographic |
Antonyms
impure · refined · manufactured · processed · modified · contaminated
Deriveds
ree-raw · raw-boned · rawhide · raw milk · raw sienna · raw lobster · rawish · rawism · rawstyle · raw silk · on the raw · raw sugar · raw mill · raw deal · nonraw · come the raw prawn · raw data · rawly · raw bar · touch a raw nerve · rawstock · Johnny Raw · raw foodism · raw food · raw material · raw-head and bloody-bones · rawness · raw water · raw sewage · raw foodist · red raw · rawboned · semiraw · raw dog · in the raw · raw nerve · rawist · rawbones · hit a raw nerve · raw papaya
Hyponyms
unboiled · rough hewn · uncut · unpolished · rough cast · unfashioned · unsmelted · unformed · uncooked · green · unblown · unhewn · unlabored · unconcocted · unwrought · in the rough
Synonyms
unalloyed · coarse · unmixed · raw · pure · untreated · untouched · unrefined · crude · natural · unprocessed · pristine · utter
Translations (236)
id mentah (untreated) · sc crudu (uncooked) · ru просто́й (crude in quality) · fr brut (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ug خام (uncooked) · sa आम (uncooked) · uz xom (uncooked) · vi sống (uncooked) · hy հում (uncooked) · az xam (uncooked) · it afoso (of weather: unpleasantly damp or cold) · rm criev (uncooked) · ca cru (uncooked) · fi kokematon (inexperienced) · te పచ్చి (uncooked) · hy չմշակված (untreated) · pl surowy (untreated) · ota خام (uncooked) · is hrár (uncooked) · ca nu (not covered; bare, bald) · az çiy (uncooked) · izh toore (uncooked) · km ខ្ចី (uncooked) · qu chawa (uncooked) · nap crudo (uncooked) · ru го́лый (not covered; bare, bald) · ru зелёный (inexperienced) · fi paljas (not covered; bare, bald) · ru лы́сый (not covered; bare, bald) · fi karkea (crude in quality) · it vergine (inexperienced) · hi कच्चा (untreated) · nl prille (inexperienced) · fa خام (uncooked) · bg неопитен (inexperienced) · msk ilaw (uncooked) · el άψητος (uncooked) · da rå (uncooked) · cu сꙑръ (uncooked) · ka ნედლი (uncooked) · fi vereslihalla (chafed, exposed of a wound) · bg необработен (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ne काँचो (uncooked) · lv jēls (uncooked) · es bruto (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · it gelido (of weather: unpleasantly damp or cold) · th ดิบ (uncooked) · te ముడి (untreated) · pjt wanka (uncooked) · uk сири́й (uncooked) · qu cawa (uncooked) · mt nej (uncooked) · it rozzo (crude in quality) · mk сиров (uncooked) · pt xucro (inexperienced) · es crudo (uncooked) · fi raaka (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · eu gordin (uncooked) · ltg zaļš (uncooked) · ru прони́зывающий (of weather: unpleasantly damp or cold) · ko 날것의 (uncooked) · pt inexperiente (inexperienced) · afb ني (uncooked) · bg суро́в (uncooked) · ca en brut (untreated) · bo རྗེན་པ (uncooked) · sh сѝров (uncooked) · ln -besu (uncooked) · rm criv (uncooked) · el ακατέργαστος (crude in quality) · hu nyers (uncooked) · nl rauw (uncooked) · mba hilaw (uncooked) · wbp wanka (uncooked) · ty ota (uncooked) · sc cruo (uncooked) · bg необработен (untreated) · th ดิบ (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ain フ (uncooked) · ro crud (uncooked) · fi raaka (of weather: unpleasantly damp or cold) · lb réi (uncooked) · pdt reiw (uncooked) · sga om (uncooked) · hu tapasztalatlan (inexperienced) · it roco (crude in quality) · el πρωτόπειρος (inexperienced) · he חַי (uncooked) · jv mentah (uncooked) · tr çiğ (uncooked) · el αμαγείρευτος (uncooked) · ckb خاو (uncooked) · cs syrový (uncooked) · de Roh- (untreated) · my စိမ်း (uncooked) · nb rå (uncooked) · id mentah (uncooked) · nl ruwe (untreated) · ca cru (untreated) · hi कच्चा (uncooked) · la incoctus (uncooked) · ur کچا (uncooked) · el ανεκπαίδευτος (inexperienced) · mi mata (uncooked) · ms mentah (uncooked) · ar نَيْء (uncooked) · kmr xav (uncooked) · gl cru (untreated) · el ανεπεξέργαστος (crude in quality) · sk surový (uncooked) · mba manilaw (uncooked) · mi taketake (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · el ανεπεξέργαστος (untreated) · it grezzo (untreated) · de Roh- (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · sq gjallë (uncooked) · fo ráur (uncooked) · rm criu (uncooked) · sh sìrov (uncooked) · ru необрабо́танный (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · sc cruu (uncooked) · ia crude (uncooked) · sl surov (uncooked) · ast crudu (uncooked) · fur crût (uncooked) · el ακατέργαστος (untreated) · pl surowy (crude in quality) · fi raaka (uncooked) · pl surowy (uncooked) · km ឆៅ (uncooked) · it inconcludente (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · oc crus (uncooked) · bg груб (crude in quality) · dlm croit (uncooked) · sv rå (uncooked) · kaw mĕtah (uncooked) · qu hanku (uncooked) · ru нео́пытный (inexperienced) · pa ਕੱਚਾ (uncooked) · tg хом (uncooked) · it a casaccio (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · nv tʼáá tʼéehgo (uncooked) · gl nu (not covered; bare, bald) · cmn 生的 (uncooked) · bg ожулен (chafed, exposed of a wound) · fi vihreä (inexperienced) · fi käsittelemätön (untreated) · be сыры́ (uncooked) · grc ὠμός (uncooked) · fi raaka (untreated) · ccc s̈hoyi (uncooked) · tr ham (uncooked) · ca en carn viva (chafed, exposed of a wound) · ceb hilaw (uncooked) · fr cru (uncooked) · ab аӡа (uncooked) · pt crua (uncooked) · rup crud (uncooked) · cy amrwd (uncooked) · mn түүхий (uncooked) · he נָא (uncooked) · nl ruw (untreated) · kk шикі (uncooked) · fr nu (not covered; bare, bald) · es crudo (untreated) · haw maka (uncooked) · ota چیك (uncooked) · lo ດິບ (uncooked) · mi kohore (chafed, exposed of a wound) · os хом (uncooked) · ru сыро́й (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · is óunninn (uncooked) · ar خَام (untreated) · bn কাঁচা (uncooked) · it aperta (chafed, exposed of a wound) · ru необрабо́танный (untreated) · es en carne viva (chafed, exposed of a wound) · pt bruto (untreated) · kca-eas њарәӽ (uncooked) · za ndip (uncooked) · pt bruto (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ps اوم (uncooked) · egy wAD-D:Y1 (uncooked) · ml പച്ച (uncooked) · it arraffazzonato (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ru сыро́й (chafed, exposed of a wound) · bal هامگ (uncooked) · hu nyers (untreated) · ca en brut (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · ga amh (uncooked) · it naturale (untreated) · it crudo (uncooked) · et toores (uncooked) · cs surový (untreated) · nl pril (inexperienced) · el ωμός (uncooked) · it afono (crude in quality) · de rau (crude in quality) · ca en brut (crude in quality) · yi רוי (uncooked) · ru гру́бый (crude in quality) · rm crüj (uncooked) · sm ota (uncooked) · it bruto (of data, statistics etc: uncorrected, without analysis) · it non raffinatato (untreated) · hu gyakorlatlan (inexperienced) · tt чи (uncooked) · ky кам (uncooked) · pt cru (uncooked) · ru сыро́й (untreated) · gv aw (uncooked) · fr brut (untreated) · lt žalias (uncooked) · ru сыро́й (uncooked) · ca inexpert (inexperienced) · it grossolana (crude in quality) · as কেঁচা (uncooked) · tk çig (uncooked) · fur crûd (uncooked) · hsb syry (uncooked) · ky чийки (uncooked) · la crūdus (uncooked) · ca obert (chafed, exposed of a wound) · ja 生の (uncooked) · mi ota (uncooked) · de roh (uncooked) · gl cru (uncooked) · fi raaka (crude in quality) · nl rauwe (uncooked) · ko 생의 (uncooked) · sc cru (uncooked) · dsb syry (uncooked) · it grossolano (crude in quality) · it umido (of weather: unpleasantly damp or cold) · fi ruhjoutunut (chafed, exposed of a wound) · bni -besu (uncooked)