kidney en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /ˈkɪdni/
- (Australia) audio
- [ˈkɪdnɪi̯]
Etymology
From Middle English kideney, kydeney, alteration of earlier kidenere (“kidney”) after ey (“egg”), of obscure origin and formation. Probably a compound consisting of Middle English *kidde (“sack”) + Middle English nere (“kidney”). The first element would be from Old English *cydde (“sack, scrotum”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddijā (“sack”), as the terms for testicle and kidney were often interchangeable in Germanic (compare Old High German nioro (“kidney", also "testicle”), Old Swedish vig-niauri (“testicle”)); the second is from Old English *nēora or Middle Low German nêre (“kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô (“kidney”), from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰr- (“kidney”). If so, then related to dialectal English near (“kidney”), Scots neir (“kidney”), Saterland Frisian Njuure (“kidney”), West Frisian nier (“kidney”), Dutch nier (“kidney”), German Niere (“kidney”), Danish nyre (“kidney”), Norwegian nyre (“kidney”), Swedish njure (“kidney”), Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”). An alternate etymology traces the first element to Old English cwiþ, cwiþa (“belly, womb, stomach”), though the loss of /w/ in a stressed syllable is difficult to explain.
Meanings
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An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.
The liver and the kidneys of animals have long been gastronomically popular for their aphrodisiac properties.
1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 124:An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
- This organ (of an animal) cooked as food.
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(dated, figuratively) Constitution, temperament, nature, type, character, disposition. (usually used of people)
Millions in the World of this Man's Kidney
1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:30th June, 1788, Robert Burns, letter to Mr Robert Ainslie Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
I shall not want Honour in Heaven For I shall meet Sir Philip Sidney And have talk with Coriolanus And other heroes of that kidney.
1920, T.S. Eliot, A Cooking Egg:[…] think of that, – a man of my kidney, – think of that, […]
c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:
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(obsolete, slang) A waiter.
I once more desire my readers to consider that as I cannot keep an ingenious man to go daily to Will's under twopence each day merely for his charges, to White's under sixpence, nor to the Grecian without allowing him some plain Spanish, to be as able as others at the learned table; and that a good observer cannot speak with even Kidney at St. James's without clean linen; […]
1709, Richard Steele, The Tatler, volume 1:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| kidneys | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
floating kidney · kidney disease · pulpy kidney · kidney potato · artificial kidney · kidneyed · fat-kidneyed · kidneylike · kidney punch · kidney gravel · kidneyshell · kidney cancer · kidney dish · acute kidney failure · kidney belt · acute kidney injury · monokidney · steak and kidney pie · xenokidney · kidneywort · kidney ore · kidney vetch · kidney stone · head kidney · forekidney · kidney dagger · sea kidney · skirts and kidneys · kidney bean · kidneywood · kidneyless · kidney-shaped · kidney corpuscle · antikidney · pseudokidney · kidney-punch · kidney machine
Holonyms
Relateds
Synonyms
Translations (290)
sc arrene (an organ in the body) · sdh گورچیڵِک (an organ in the body) · eo reno (an organ in the body) · nn nyre (food) · lb Nier (an organ in the body) · ca ronyó (food) · fa-ira کُلْیِه (an organ in the body) · gd dubhag (an organ in the body) · ka თირკმელი (an organ in the body) · el νεφρό (an organ in the body) · pa ਗੁਰਦਾ (an organ in the body) · th เซ่งจี๊ (food) · km តម្រងនោម (an organ in the body) · sh бу̀брег (an organ in the body) · rup riniclju (an organ in the body) · ja 腎臓 (an organ in the body) · sq veshkë (an organ in the body) · sc arrigu (an organ in the body) · sc rene (an organ in the body) · ae 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬐𐬀 (an organ in the body) · ii ꀑ (an organ in the body) · lt inkstas (an organ in the body) · uz buyrak (an organ in the body) · lnj thinamlong (an organ in the body) · ab аҷаҷа (an organ in the body) · clt bawkaw (an organ in the body) · av багӏаржо (an organ in the body) · gl ril (an organ in the body) · oc ren (an organ in the body) · eve боста (an organ in the body) · xmf ჭაჭა (an organ in the body) · gl rinle (an organ in the body) · su ᮌᮤᮔ᮪ᮏᮜ᮪ (an organ in the body) · mt kilwa (food) · os уырг (an organ in the body) · bn অন্ত্র (an organ in the body) · eu giltzurrun (an organ in the body) · dv ގުރުދާ (an organ in the body) · apc كَلاوِي (food) · ms kerinjal (an organ in the body) · yi ניר (an organ in the body) · ka ჭაჭა (an organ in the body) · cv пӳре (an organ in the body) · mt kilwa (an organ in the body) · izh kuvemuna (an organ in the body) · ba бөйөр (food) · an rinyón (an organ in the body) · am ኩላሊት (an organ in the body) · he כִּלְיָה (an organ in the body) · pi vakka (an organ in the body) · uga 𐎋𐎍𐎊𐎚 (an organ in the body) · sva ჯაჭ (an organ in the body) · sgs inksts (an organ in the body) · sv njure (food) · sdh گورجیک (an organ in the body) · cs ledvinky (food) · ml തുനി (an organ in the body) · hu vese (an organ in the body) · lo ໝາກໄຂ່ຫຼັງ (an organ in the body) · tg гурда (an organ in the body) · sc nerule (an organ in the body) · uk ни́рка (an organ in the body) · km តម្រងមូត្រ (an organ in the body) · ko 콩팥 (an organ in the body) · evn босокто (an organ in the body) · tyv бүүрек (an organ in the body) · jra bôh ƀleh (an organ in the body) · izh pocka (an organ in the body) · my ကျောက်ကပ် (an organ in the body) · udi гурдакӏ (an organ in the body) · ast reñón (an organ in the body) · ale daax̂tux̂ (an organ in the body) · ro rinichi (food) · wa rin (an organ in the body) · fr rein (an organ in the body) · it rene (an organ in the body) · sk oblička (an organ in the body) · oc arnelh (an organ in the body) · mi whatumanawa (an organ in the body) · ms ginjal (an organ in the body) · cmn 腰 (food) · av ургьисала (an organ in the body) · hac وەڵک (an organ in the body) · ba бөйөр (an organ in the body) · haw hakuʻala (an organ in the body) · km វក្កំ (an organ in the body) · pdt Nia (an organ in the body) · yai ғуркак (an organ in the body) · rup arniclju (an organ in the body) · vo roin (an organ in the body) · pl nerka (an organ in the body) · zza gulçıg (an organ in the body) · cs ledvina (an organ in the body) · da nyre (an organ in the body) · sk ľadvina (an organ in the body) · ar كُلْيَة (an organ in the body) · as বৃক্ক (an organ in the body) · ps بدوری (an organ in the body) · ml വൃക്ക (an organ in the body) · yue 腎 /肾 (food) · hi गुर्दा (an organ in the body) · ltg eiksts (an organ in the body) · fr rognon (food) · sn svo (an organ in the body) · te మూత్రపిండము (an organ in the body) · zza velkek (food) · ta குண்டிக்காய் (an organ in the body) · la rēn (an organ in the body) · wo roño (an organ in the body) · es riñón (an organ in the body) · sq rrâni (an organ in the body) · fi munuainen (an organ in the body) · sh bùbreg (an organ in the body) · om kalee (an organ in the body) · mk бубрег (an organ in the body) · nan-hbl 腰子 (an organ in the body) · or ମୂତ୍ରାଶୟ (an organ in the body) · id ginjal (an organ in the body) · eu giltzurrun (food) · af nier (food) · hy երիկամ (an organ in the body) · pox jaistă (an organ in the body) · it rognone (food) · cu исто (an organ in the body) · uk ни́рки (food) · pl cynaderka (food) · ht ren (an organ in the body) · nl nier (an organ in the body) · gv aarey (an organ in the body) · rm niruncel (an organ in the body) · tt бөер (an organ in the body) · yue 腎 /肾 (an organ in the body) · ga duán (an organ in the body) · ast riñón (an organ in the body) · ca ronyó (an organ in the body) · bg бъ́брек (an organ in the body) · ang lundlaga (an organ in the body) · br lounez (an organ in the body) · kw loneth (an organ in the body) · ur گُرْدَہ (an organ in the body) · is nýra (an organ in the body) · pt rim (an organ in the body) · sm fatugaʻo (an organ in the body) · ay maymuru (an organ in the body) · kn ಮೂತ್ರಪಿಂಡ (an organ in the body) · io reno (an organ in the body) · ro rinichi (an organ in the body) · enm kideney (an organ in the body) · shn မၢၵ်ႇလၼ်း (an organ in the body) · fa-ira قُلْوِه (food) · pam batu (an organ in the body) · so kelli (an organ in the body) · sc runzone (an organ in the body) · izh selkämuna (an organ in the body) · bn কিডনি (an organ in the body) · mns-nor са̄ӈква̄хвтас (an organ in the body) · nv achą́ʼáshkʼazhí (an organ in the body) · sl ledvica (an organ in the body) · et neer (an organ in the body) · sw figo (an organ in the body) · nb nyre (an organ in the body) · mn бөөр (an organ in the body) · ta குண்டிக்காய் (food) · lzz ბუმბურეღი (an organ in the body) · lo ໄຕ (an organ in the body) · fo nýra (an organ in the body) · bg бъ́бреци (food) · rm gnirunchel (an organ in the body) · mi whatukuhu (an organ in the body) · alt бӧӧрӧк (an organ in the body) · nds Neer (an organ in the body) · ru по́чки (food) · mwl renhon (an organ in the body) · af nier (an organ in the body) · de Niere (an organ in the body) · tly vek (an organ in the body) · fur rognon (an organ in the body) · cmn 腎臟 /肾脏 (an organ in the body) · be ны́ркі (food) · kmr gurçik (an organ in the body) · rif tiyẓẓetš (an organ in the body) · gu મુત્રપિંડ (an organ in the body) · rm narunchel (an organ in the body) · to kofuua (an organ in the body) · qu rurun (an organ in the body) · ta சிறுநீரகம் (an organ in the body) · nb nyre (food) · tao mao (an organ in the body) · rsk покрутка (an organ in the body) · rm nirunchel (an organ in the body) · enm nere (an organ in the body) · khb ᦖᦱᧅᦶᦅᧁ (an organ in the body) · sc errigu (an organ in the body) · nrf rein (an organ in the body) · mi tākihi (an organ in the body) · ttt gürdə (an organ in the body) · ota بوبرك (an organ in the body) · tl bato (an organ in the body) · bo མཁལ་རིལ (an organ in the body) · ps پوښتورګى (an organ in the body) · gl ren (an organ in the body) · cy aren (an organ in the body) · th ไต (an organ in the body) · ky бөйрөк (an organ in the body) · he כְּלָיוֹת (an organ in the body) · za samndaen (an organ in the body) · sc orrunzone (an organ in the body) · gl riles (food) · ha ƙoda (an organ in the body) · ny impso (an organ in the body) · zza velkek (an organ in the body) · fi munuainen (food) · inh жим (an organ in the body) · nn nyre (an organ in the body) · hak 腎家 /肾家 (an organ in the body) · cmn 腎 /肾 (an organ in the body) · or ବୃକ୍କକ (an organ in the body) · hrx Nier (an organ in the body) · fa-ira گُرْدِه (an organ in the body) · nrf rîngnon (food) · mg voa (an organ in the body) · ale dax̂tux̂ (an organ in the body) · oj indoodikosiw (an organ in the body) · bn বৃক্ক (an organ in the body) · gld босокто (an organ in the body) · bho गुर्दा (an organ in the body) · gl cadril (an organ in the body) · uk нирки́ (food) · sc orrungione (an organ in the body) · ru по́чка (an organ in the body) · za iucij (an organ in the body) · sv njure (an organ in the body) · zom kel (an organ in the body) · ce жим (an organ in the body) · xnb vʉʼʉrʉ (an organ in the body) · cmn 腎 /肾 (food) · ktu kifio (an organ in the body) · tr böbrek (an organ in the body) · mr गुडदा (an organ in the body) · ext riñón (an organ in the body) · oc ronhon (food) · mwr गुड़दौ (an organ in the body) · rar katu iʻi (an organ in the body) · ug بۆرەك (an organ in the body) · za mak (an organ in the body) · ota كلیه (an organ in the body) · lv niere (an organ in the body) · pt rim (food) · scn rini (an organ in the body) · ty māpē (an organ in the body) · sn tsvo (an organ in the body) · vi thận (an organ in the body) · sa वृक्क (an organ in the body) · wa rno (food) · yue 腰 (food) · grc νεφρός (an organ in the body) · sdh گورداڵە (an organ in the body) · ko 신장 (an organ in the body) · be ны́рка (an organ in the body) · ee ayiku (an organ in the body) · ckb گورچیلە (an organ in the body) · lki گورداڵە (an organ in the body) · mnc ᠪᠣᠰᡥᠣ (an organ in the body) · wa rno (an organ in the body) · sn itsvo (an organ in the body) · vi cật (food) · ti ኵሊት (an organ in the body) · tk böwrek (an organ in the body) · wa rino (an organ in the body) · ia ren (an organ in the body) · th เซี่ยงจี๊ (food) · lzz დირკუ (an organ in the body) · kk бүйрек (an organ in the body) · arz كلية (an organ in the body) · ne मिर्गौलो (an organ in the body) · rap māpē (an organ in the body) · vec reno (an organ in the body) · lv īkstis (an organ in the body) · si වකුගඩුව (an organ in the body) · sah бүөр (an organ in the body) · rm ranuogl (an organ in the body) · lus kal (an organ in the body) · zu izinso (an organ in the body) · oc renhon (food) · th วักกะ (an organ in the body) · ms buah pinggang (an organ in the body) · az böyrək (an organ in the body) · sg mîsahînön (an organ in the body) · cmn 腰子 (an organ in the body) · wa rino (food)