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Dictionary

Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

difference en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (General-American)
  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (Australia)
  • (Australia) audio
  • (US) audio
  • /ˈdəf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (New-Zealand)

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ▲ Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu. Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dis- Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti Proto-Italic *ferō Latin ferō Latin differō Latin differēns Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Latin differentiader. Old French differencebor. Middle English difference English difference From Middle English difference, from Old French difference, from Latin differentia (“difference”), from differēns (“different”), present participle of differre. Doublet of differentia. Morphologically differ + -ence.

Meanings

  1. (uncountable) The quality of being different.
    • You need to learn to be more tolerant of difference.
  2. (countable) A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
    • But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short. 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 11:
    • There are three differences between these two pictures.
  3. (countable) A disagreement or argument.
    • Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and the young constable to compose their difference as they could. 1714, Thomas Ellwood, The History of the Life of Thomas Ellwood: written by his own hand:
    • We have our little differences, but we are firm friends.
    • What was the difference? It was a contention in public. 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:
  4. (countable, uncountable) Significant change in or effect on a situation or state.
    • It just won't make much difference to me.
    • It just won't make much of a difference to anyone.
    • As she did so Fanny put down her book , stood up and stretched her arms, and at once Jessamy noticed a difference. It was the same Fanny but not the Fanny who climbed trees and tore her frock playing in the garden. It was as though a young lady film had settled over her, neatening her unruly hair, which was tied back with a large black bow, and primly composing her small mouth. 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 105:
    • The line of the horizon was clear and hard against the sky, and in one particular quarter it showed black against a silvery climbing phosphorescence that grew and grew. At last, over the rim of the waiting earth the moon lifted with slow majesty till it swung clear of the horizon and rode off, free of moorings; and once more they began to see surfaces—meadows wide-spread, and quiet gardens, and the river itself from bank to bank, all softly disclosed, all washed clean of mystery and terror, all radiant again as by day, but with a difference that was tremendous. 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:
  5. (countable) The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.
    • The difference between 3 and 21 is 18.
  6. (countable, obsolete, uncountable) Choice; preference.
    • That now be chooseth with vile difference To be a beast, and lack intelligence. 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
  7. (countable, uncountable) An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish two people's bearings which would otherwise be the same. See augmentation and cadency.
  8. (countable, uncountable) The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus to constitute a species; a differentia.
  9. (countable, qualifier:logic circuits, uncountable) A Boolean operation which is true when the two input variables are different but is otherwise false; the XOR operation ( scriptstyle A◌̅B+◌̅AB).
  10. (countable, relational, uncountable) The set of elements that are in one set but not another ( scriptstyle A◌̅B).

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
differences Number=Plur lexicographic

Antonyms

sameness · identicalness · sameness · identity · identity · identicality

Coordinates

equivalence · interchangeability · commensurateness · resemblance · similarity · fungibility

Deriveds

difference engine · difference maker · difference quotient · deflection difference · vive la difference · set difference · electric potential difference · what's the difference · common difference · make a difference · distinction without a difference · photodifference · difference of opinion · difference equation · age difference · point of difference · same difference · diff · split the difference · nondifference · world of difference · time difference · size difference · goal difference · mass difference · symmetric difference · difference-maker · finite difference · learning difference · difference gate · as near as makes no difference · potential difference · tell the difference · difference of two squares · equidifference · creative differences · set-theoretic difference · antidifference · difference-making · difference set · make the difference · make all the difference · know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground · undifferenced · spot the difference · know the difference between one's ass and one's elbow

Hyponyms

variety · dissimilarity · antithesis

Relateds

successor · × ×... = (multiplication, factorization; factor) · + +... = (addition, summation) · √ = (root extraction; degree) · − = (subtraction) · × = (multiplication, factorization; multiplier) · + = (addition, summation) · Or sometimes (numerator) / (denominator) = (quotient) · = (exponentiation; base) · ÷ = (division; dividend) · log(base) = (logarithmization)

Synonyms

distinguishedness · differentiation · difference · disparity (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · dissension (disagreement or argument about something important) · nevermind (significant change in state) · dispute (disagreement or argument about something important) · deviation (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · nonidentity · unidenticality · divergence (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · differentness · remainder (result of a subtraction) · conflict (disagreement or argument about something important) · difference of opinion (disagreement or argument about something important) · distinction · departure (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · diversity

Translations (332)

fi erotus (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · km វិសេស (quality of being different) · tab тафавут (quality of being different) · yi חילוק (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · pl różnica (disagreement or argument about something important) · ckb جیاوازی (quality of being different) · yua hela’anil (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · it differenza (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · az təfavüt (quality of being different) · ur فَرْق (quality of being different) · oc diferéncia (quality of being different) · vi sự bất đồng (disagreement or argument about something important) · bg разногла́сие (disagreement or argument about something important) · fa-ira فَرْق (quality of being different) · bg разли́чие (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ca diferència (disagreement or argument about something important) · nl onderscheid (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · kk айырмашылық (quality of being different) · zza entar (quality of being different) · es discrimen (quality of being different) · tg ихтилоф (quality of being different) · be ро́зніца (quality of being different) · es diferencia (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · bg ра́злика (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ar خِلاف (disagreement or argument about something important) · bg ра́злика (quality of being different) · wa adire (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · yi אונטערשייד (quality of being different) · ka განსხვავებულობა (quality of being different) · la differentia (quality of being different) · kk айырма (quality of being different) · lo ຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງ (quality of being different) · tr fark (quality of being different) · ne अन्तर (quality of being different) · id perbedaan (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · mi huatango (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ceb kalahian (disagreement or argument about something important) · ru ра́зница (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · th ความเห็นต่าง (disagreement or argument about something important) · ug پەرق (quality of being different) · tg фарқ (quality of being different) · ga difríocht (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · de Unterschied (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sh ра́злика (quality of being different) · id perselisihan (disagreement or argument about something important) · fa-ira تَفاوُت (quality of being different) · sl razlika (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · lo ຜົນລັບ (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · yi אונטערשייד (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · vi sự khác biệt (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · gl diferenza (quality of being different) · ko 차이 (quality of being different) · fi erilaisuus (quality of being different) · eu alde (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ceb iban (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · fa-ira اِخْتِلاف (quality of being different) · ug ئايرىما (quality of being different) · bg разли́чност (quality of being different) · lt skirtumas (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · yua hela’anil (quality of being different) · mr वेगळेपण (quality of being different) · sh rázlika (quality of being different) · nl verschil (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · tt аерма (quality of being different) · ru ра́зность (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · tr fark (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · acw اختلاف (quality of being different) · ru отли́чие (quality of being different) · fr différence (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · bn পার্থক্য (quality of being different) · ru разногла́сие (disagreement or argument about something important) · grc διαφορά (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ajp فرق (quality of being different) · pl różnica (quality of being different) · hi अंतर (quality of being different) · sh ра́злика (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · fa-ira اِخْتِلاف (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · be ро́зніца (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · az fərq (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ceb diperensiya (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · el διαφορά (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ga difear (quality of being different) · cmn 差異 /差异 (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · lt skirtumas (quality of being different) · sv tvist (disagreement or argument about something important) · enm difference (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · gl diferenza (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ceb bikil (disagreement or argument about something important) · ca diferència (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · uz tafovut (quality of being different) · pt diferença (disagreement or argument about something important) · et erinevus (quality of being different) · ca diferència (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · es diferencia (quality of being different) · hi प्रभेद (quality of being different) · km ត្រកាល (quality of being different) · sw tofauti (quality of being different) · sl razlika (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · pt diferença (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · eo malsameco (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · fi mielipide-ero (disagreement or argument about something important) · th ความต่าง (quality of being different) · tk parh (quality of being different) · hi भेद (quality of being different) · he שֹׁנִי (quality of being different) · sv differens (quality of being different) · fo munur (quality of being different) · el διαφορά (quality of being different) · km ប្លែក (quality of being different) · bho अंतर (quality of being different) · sm 'ese'esega (quality of being different) · da forskel (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ar خِلافات (disagreement or argument about something important) · de Unterschied (quality of being different) · de Andersartigkeit (quality of being different) · ar اِخْتِلَاف (quality of being different) · sv avvikelse (quality of being different) · lb Ënnerscheed (quality of being different) · ja 差異 (quality of being different) · cs rozdíl (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · vi sự khác nhau (quality of being different) · fi erimielisyys (disagreement or argument about something important) · es discrimen (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · af verskil (quality of being different) · ee vovototo (quality of being different) · nl verschil (quality of being different) · crh farq (quality of being different) · pt diferença (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · tr kalan (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · bn তফাত (quality of being different) · he שוני (quality of being different) · km ពិសេស (quality of being different) · cs rozdíl (quality of being different) · ba айырма (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ja(arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · az fərq (quality of being different) · ko 차이 (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · vi hiệu số (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ang unġelīcnes (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ru разли́чие (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · cmn 差別 /差别 (quality of being different) · ky айырма (quality of being different) · et erinevus (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · nb skilnad (quality of being different) · de Differenz (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ps پرخ (quality of being different) · txb wakītsñe (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · tr fark (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · sk rozdiel (quality of being different) · fr différence (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · uk рі́зниця (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · hi विशेषता (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · km វិជាតិ (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · he הֶבְדֵּל (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ar تَفَاوُت (quality of being different) · mfe diferans (quality of being different) · it differenza (quality of being different) · sq veçorite (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ko 다름 (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · de Unterscheidung (quality of being different) · nl meningsverschil (disagreement or argument about something important) · mn ялгаа (quality of being different) · ar فَرْق (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · is munur (quality of being different) · ta வேறுபாடு (quality of being different) · pl różnica (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · la differentia (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · da differens (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · sv tvistepunkt (disagreement or argument about something important) · el διαφορά (disagreement or argument about something important) · te తేడా (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · id selisih (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ee vovototo (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · nb differanse (quality of being different) · ceb kalahian (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · lv starpība (quality of being different) · nb differanse (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · hi अवकल (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · fr différence (quality of being different) · ko 차이 (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · gd eadar-dhealachadh (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ro diferență (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · gd eadar-dhealachadh (quality of being different) · ru разли́чие (quality of being different) · sv skillnad (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · fa-ira تَفاضُل (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · tl kaibhan (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ro diferență (quality of being different) · ce башхо (quality of being different) · he הֶפְרֵשׁ (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · hy տարբերություն (quality of being different) · zza ca (diq) (quality of being different) · hi फ़र्क़ (quality of being different) · ar فَرْق (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ml വ്യത്യാസം (disagreement or argument about something important) · eo malsamo (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ml വ്യത്യാസം (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ko(arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · te భేదము (quality of being different) · tg тафовут (quality of being different) · de Differenz (disagreement or argument about something important) · enm difference (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · uz farq (quality of being different) · gd caochladh (quality of being different) · pl różnica (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · mk различност (quality of being different) · hy մնացորդ (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · lv atšķirība (quality of being different) · bn তফাত (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · crh farq (disagreement or argument about something important) · gd diofar (quality of being different) · bal فرق (quality of being different) · ba айырма (quality of being different) · hi अवकल (quality of being different) · eo malsameco (quality of being different) · hu különbség (quality of being different) · ang unġelīcnes (quality of being different) · kn ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ (quality of being different) · de Meinungsverschiedenheit (disagreement or argument about something important) · ca diferència (quality of being different) · el διαφορά (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · it differenza (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · bg несъгла́сие (disagreement or argument about something important) · te భేదము (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ml ഭിന്നത (disagreement or argument about something important) · cmn 差別 /差别 (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sv meningsskiljaktighet (disagreement or argument about something important) · ba айырма (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ga difríocht (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · km នានត្ត (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ta வித்தியாசம் (quality of being different) · nl verschil (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · acw فرق (quality of being different) · ast resta (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · hi प्रभेद (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · got 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (quality of being different) · tl pagkakaiba (quality of being different) · mr फरक (quality of being different) · ml വ്യത്യാസം (quality of being different) · uz ixtilof (quality of being different) · sa विशेष (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ka უთანხმოება (disagreement or argument about something important) · tk tapawut (quality of being different) · nb forskjell (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · my ခြားနားချက် (quality of being different) · lv atšķirība (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · nb forskjell (quality of being different) · nn skilnad (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ne मतभेद (disagreement or argument about something important) · th ความต่าง (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ps اختلاف (quality of being different) · uk різни́ця (quality of being different) · ru отличи́тельная черта́ (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ar فُرُوق (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sh rázlika (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · te విభేదము (disagreement or argument about something important) · sq ndryshim (quality of being different) · ceb kalahian (quality of being different) · crh ayırma (quality of being different) · or ପ୍ରଭେଦ (quality of being different) · ary فْرق (quality of being different) · pt diferença (quality of being different) · sv olikhet (quality of being different) · ka განსხვავება (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · hu különbség (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · kaw bheda (quality of being different) · sv olikhet (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · is mismunur (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · fi eroavaisuus (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · crh farq (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · hi विभेद (disagreement or argument about something important) · km ខ្វែងយោបល់ (disagreement or argument about something important) · ar فَرْق (quality of being different) · sv differens (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · tr ayrım (quality of being different) · grc διαφορά (quality of being different) · ja 違い (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · vi sự khác nhau (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · gd diofar (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · th ผลต่าง (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · mk разлика (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · sv avvikelse (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · da forskel (quality of being different) · ps تفاوت (quality of being different) · es diferencia (disagreement or argument about something important) · km ចំឡែក (quality of being different) · bal پرک (quality of being different) · eo diferenco (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · wa diferince (quality of being different) · eo diferenco (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · vi hiệu (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · cmn 差異 /差异 (quality of being different) · cs rozdíl (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · id perbedaan (quality of being different) · io difero (quality of being different) · wa diferin (disagreement or argument about something important) · de Anderssein (quality of being different) · fi ero (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · pt resto (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · es diferencia (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · he הֶבְדֵּל (quality of being different) · enm difference (disagreement or argument about something important) · mk разлика (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sv skillnad (quality of being different) · zza ferq (quality of being different) · ajp فارق (quality of being different) · ne फरक (quality of being different) · lv starpība (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · de Differenz (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · ur اَنْتَر (quality of being different) · tt әһәмиятле үзенчәлек (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · nn forskjell (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sv differens (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · io difero (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · fr différend (disagreement or argument about something important) · ja 違い (quality of being different) · wa diferince (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · km អញ្ញត្រ (quality of being different) · ka სხვაობა (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · sv skillnad (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · sl različnost (quality of being different) · ms beza (quality of being different) · eo diferenco (quality of being different) · uz ayirma (quality of being different) · ro diferență (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · hi भेद (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · enm difference (quality of being different) · ko 다름 (quality of being different) · nn differanse (characteristic of something that makes it different from something else) · ru ра́зница (quality of being different) · ast diferencia (arithmetic: result of a subtraction) · io difero (arithmetic: result of a subtraction)

wikipedia: difference

difference en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (General-American)
  • /ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (Australia)
  • (Australia) audio
  • (US) audio
  • /ˈdəf.(ə.)ɹəns/ (New-Zealand)

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ▲ Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu. Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dis- Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti Proto-Italic *ferō Latin ferō Latin differō Latin differēns Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Latin differentiader. Old French differencebor. Middle English difference English difference From Middle English difference, from Old French difference, from Latin differentia (“difference”), from differēns (“different”), present participle of differre. Doublet of differentia. Morphologically differ + -ence.

Meanings

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To distinguish or differentiate.
    • […] and souls, like in the mass, but differenced in themselves, with special gifts, duties and joys […] 1901 [1839], Philip James Bailey, Festus: A Poem, London: George Routledge & Sons, page 10:
    • In the Calais Roll the arms of William de Warren […] are differenced by the addition of a canton said to be that of Fitzalan […] 1904, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory, London: T.C. & E.C. Jack, page 344:
    • This simple spectation of the lungs is differenced from that which concomitates a pleurisy. 1672, Gideon Harvey, Morbus Anglicus, Or, The Anatomy of Consumptions:
  2. to modify a heraldic emblem so as to distinguish one branch of a house from another

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
differenced Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
differenced Tense=Past lexicographic
differencing Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
differences Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic

Relateds

differential · differentiation · differentiate · different · differ

Synonyms

differentiate (to distinguish or differentiate) · distinguish (to distinguish or differentiate)

Translations (20)

bg различавам (to distinguish or differentiate) · sv skilja (to distinguish or differentiate) · he הבדיל (to distinguish or differentiate) · pl odróżniać (to distinguish or differentiate) · io diferar (to distinguish or differentiate) · ne फरक छुट्याउनू (to distinguish or differentiate) · nl onderscheiden (to distinguish or differentiate) · pl odróżnić (to distinguish or differentiate) · nl differentiëren (to distinguish or differentiate) · de differenzieren (to distinguish or differentiate) · sv skilja åt (to distinguish or differentiate) · zza ferq kerden (to distinguish or differentiate) · el διακρίνω (to distinguish or differentiate) · ceb sahin (to distinguish or differentiate) · pt diferenciar (to distinguish or differentiate) · fi erottaa (to distinguish or differentiate) · ar مَيَّزَ (to distinguish or differentiate) · fa فرق گذاشتن (to distinguish or differentiate) · hi अंतर करना (to distinguish or differentiate) · de unterscheiden (to distinguish or differentiate)

wikipedia: difference