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Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

could en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /kʉd/ Scotland, Northern Ireland, strong form
  • (Australia) audio strong form
  • [kʰʊd] Received Pronunciation, General American, Australia, strong form
  • /kɵd/ Standard Southern British, strong form
  • /kʊ(l)d/ (Early, Modern) originally weak form
  • /kəd/ weak form
  • /kuːld/ (Early, Modern)
  • /kʊd/ Received Pronunciation, General American, Australia, strong form
  • [kʰəd] weak form
  • (US) audio strong form
  • [kʰɵd] Standard Southern British, strong form
  • (UK) audio weak form

Etymology

From Middle English coude, couthe, cuthe, from Old English cūþe, past indicative and past subjunctive form of cunnan (“to be able”) (compare related cūþ, whence English couth). Cognate with German konnte, Swedish kunde. The -l- in the spelling was added in the early 16th century by analogy with should and would; this analogy formerly affected the pronunciation as well and was probably assisted by the tendency for /l/ to be lost in those words (and so not written, leading to shudd, wode, etc).

Meanings

  1. Something that could happen, or could be the case, under different circumstances; a potentiality.
    • When the golf ball is there, the whole self-interference package — the hopes, worries, and fears; the thoughts on how-to and how-not-to; the woulds, the coulds, and the shoulds — is there too. 1996, Fred Shoemaker, Extraordinary Golf: The Art of the Possible, page 88:
    • Shushona you must learn to rightfully prioritize all the woulds, shoulds and coulds of your life. 2010, Shushona Novos, The Personal Universal: A Guidebook for Spiritual Evolution, page 395:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
coulde alternative, archaic lexicographic
cou'd alternative, obsolete lexicographic
could'st Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic
couldest Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic
coud alternative, obsolete lexicographic
couldst Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic
coulds Number=Plur lexicographic

could en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • /kʉd/ Scotland, Northern Ireland, strong form
  • (Australia) audio strong form
  • [kʰʊd] Received Pronunciation, General American, Australia, strong form
  • /kɵd/ Standard Southern British, strong form
  • /kʊ(l)d/ (Early, Modern) originally weak form
  • /kəd/ weak form
  • /kuːld/ (Early, Modern)
  • /kʊd/ Received Pronunciation, General American, Australia, strong form
  • [kʰəd] weak form
  • (US) audio strong form
  • [kʰɵd] Standard Southern British, strong form
  • (UK) audio weak form

Etymology

From Middle English coude, couthe, cuthe, from Old English cūþe, past indicative and past subjunctive form of cunnan (“to be able”) (compare related cūþ, whence English couth). Cognate with German konnte, Swedish kunde. The -l- in the spelling was added in the early 16th century by analogy with should and would; this analogy formerly affected the pronunciation as well and was probably assisted by the tendency for /l/ to be lost in those words (and so not written, leading to shudd, wode, etc).

Meanings

  1. (form-of, past) simple past of can
    form of can
    • When I was your age, I could run 10mi in under an hour.
    • When I was young everybody could easily find a job in a matter of days.
    • I could only find the street, but I couldn't locate his house.
    • Before I was blind, I could see very well.
  2. conditional of can ▸ Used as a past subjunctive (contrary to fact).
    • I think he could do it if he really wanted to.
    • I'd have thought you could have done the dishes, at least.
    • I wish I could fly!
    • "If I'd had a paddle I could've spun by that dashed root," Meekins said, feeling some apology due for the mishap. "When I first climbed out of that fool creek I thought my arm had got twisted off, but I guess it ain't." 1921, William Alexander Fraser, Red Meekins, George H. Doran Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 32:
  3. conditional of can ▸ Used to politely ask for permission to do something.
    • Could I borrow your coat?
  4. conditional of can ▸ Used to politely ask for someone else to do something.
    • Could you proofread this email?
    • I wonder, you couldn't loan me the money, could you?
  5. conditional of can ▸ Used to show the possibility that something might happen.
    • We could rearrange the time if you like.
    • Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee. 2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:
  6. conditional of can ▸ Used to suggest something.
    • You could try adding more salt to the soup.
  7. (form-of, participle, past, qualifier:obsolete except Geordie) past participle of can
    form of can
    • I haven't could sleep. 1981, Anthony Warner, English Auxiliaries: Structure and History, published 1993, →ISBN, page 222:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
coud alternative, obsolete lexicographic
cou'd alternative, obsolete lexicographic
could'st Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic
couldst Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic
coulde alternative, archaic lexicographic
couldest Number=Sing, Person=2 alternative, archaic lexicographic

Deriveds

couldn't · could we get the bill · could care less · you could cut the air with a knife · chud · could use · could I get the bill · could not get elected dogcatcher · could do · nothing could be further from the truth · could've

Relateds

would · can · should