Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.
Proto-Indo-European en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ (UK)
- (US) audio
- /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ (US)
- /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ (UK)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *próder.
Ancient Greek πρό (pró)
Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)
Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)
Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.
English proto-
English Indo-European
English Proto-Indo-European
From proto- + Indo-European.
Meanings
-
(not-comparable) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.
Relateds
Anatolian · Balto-Slavic · Celtic · proto- · Tocharian · Greek · Indo-Iranian · Indo-European language family · Wiktionary’s coverage of Proto-Indo-European terms · European · Armenian · Germanic · Italic · Albanian · Indian
Translations (29)
nb urindoeuropeisk (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · hu indoeurópai (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ka წინარეინდოევროპული (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · hi आदिम-भारोपीय (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · uk праіндоєвропе́йський (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · fr indoeuropéen (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · es protoindoeuropeo (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · pt protoindo-europeu (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · tr Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubuna ait (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · fa نیا-هندواروپایی (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ru праиндоевропе́йский (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · mk праиндоевропски (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ro stră-indoeuropean (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · tr Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubundan (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ga Próta-Ind-Eorpach (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · sv urindoeuropeisk (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · cs praindoevropský (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · nl Proto-Indo-Europees (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · nn urindoeuropeisk (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · hi आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · de urindogermanisch (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · sv protoindoeuropeisk (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ro proto-indoeuropean (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · ka პროტოინდოევროპული (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · hy նախահնդեվրոպական (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · sl praindoevropski (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · de indogermanisch (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · pl praindoeuropejski (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European) · is frumindóevrópskur (pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European)
Proto-Indo-European en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ (UK)
- (US) audio
- /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ (US)
- /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ (UK)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *próder.
Ancient Greek πρό (pró)
Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)
Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)
Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.
English proto-
English Indo-European
English Proto-Indo-European
From proto- + Indo-European.
Meanings
-
(countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language.
Forms
Synonyms
Indo-European
Translations (25)
mk Праиндоевропе́ец (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · fa نیاهندواروپاییزبان (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · hi आदिम-भारोपीय (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · fr Indoeuropéen (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · hu indoeurópai (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · hi आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ka წინარეინდოევროპელი (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ro indoeuropean (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · lt indoeuropietė (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · tr Proto-Hint-Avrupalı (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · de Urindogermane (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · es protoindoeuropeo (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · pl Praindoeuropejczyk (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ru праиндоевропе́ец (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · fi kantaindoeurooppalainen (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · lt indoeuropietis (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · fr Indo-européen (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ka პროტოინდოევროპელი (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · pl Praindoeuropejka (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ro indoeuropeană (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · uk праіндоєвропе́єць (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · nl Proto-Indo-Europeaan (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · sl Praindoevropejec (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · ga Próta-Ind-Eorpach (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language) · uk праіндоєвропе́йка (person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language)
Proto-Indo-European en · PROPN
Pronunciation
- /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ (UK)
- (US) audio
- /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ (US)
- /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ (UK)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *próder.
Ancient Greek πρό (pró)
Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)
Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)
Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.
English proto-
English Indo-European
English Proto-Indo-European
From proto- + Indo-European.
Meanings
-
(uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.
The plural English word brethren and the Farsi word that is pronounced as 'baradaran' both come from the same Proto-Indo-European root word.
The word mother comes from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.
The Greek and Sanskrit languages (along with many other languages of ancient Eurasia) evince correspondences explained by their descent from a common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European (PIE).
2025 December 12, Tom Hercules Davies, “Horses, Wheels, Languages: Greek, Mesopotamian and Indic Epic on the Eurasian Steppe”, in The Classical Quarterly, volume 75, number 1, page 5:
Deriveds
Early Proto-Indo-European
Relateds
Wiktionary’s coverage of Proto-Indo-European terms
Synonyms
Proto-Indo-Germanic · Indo-Germanic · Indo-European
Translations (60)
he פרוטו־הודו־אירופית (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · it protoindoeuropeo (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fr indoeuropéen (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · cy Proto-Indo-Ewropeg (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · nn urindoeuropeisk (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · la lingua prisca indoeuropaea (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ja インド・ヨーロッパ祖語 (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fi indoeurooppalainen kantakieli (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ru праиндоевропе́йский язы́к (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · is frumindóevrópska (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fi kantaindoeurooppa (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · cs praindoevropština (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · lt indoeuropiečių prokalbė (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ga Próta-Ind-Eorpais (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · gl protoindoeuropeo (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · da urindoeuropæisk (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · hi आदिम-भारोपीय (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · hy հնդեվրոպական նախալեզու (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ka წინარეინდოევროპული ენა (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fa نیاهندواروپایی (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sl praindoevropščina (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · mk праиндоевропски јазик (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · cmn 原始印歐語 /原始印欧语 (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sh proto-indo-europski (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · da protoindoeuropæisk (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ka წინარეინდოევროპული (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · bg индоевропе́йски пра́език (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · el πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκά (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ca protoindoeuropeu (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ia proto-indoeuropeo (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ko 인도유럽조어 (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sk praindoeurópčina (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sv indoeuropeiska urspråket (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ja 印欧祖語 (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ka პროტოინდოევროპული ენა (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · de Indogermanisch (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · nl Proto-Indo-Europees (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · tr Proto-Hint-Avrupaca (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · br indez-europeg (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · pt protoindo-europeu (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ro stră-indoeuropeană (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ro limba proto-indo-europeană (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sv protoindoeuropeiska (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · de Urindogermanisch (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · pl język praindoeuropejski (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ur اَوَّلِی ہِنْد یُورَپِی (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · no protoindoeuropeisk (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ko 원시인구어 (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · hi आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · eu Aitzinindoeuropera (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · ka პროტოინდოევროპული (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fr indo-européen commun (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · eo hindeŭropa pralingvo (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · hu indoeurópai alapnyelv (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · es protoindoeuropeo (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · fo frumindoevropeiskt (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · uk праіндоєвропе́йська (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · sv urindoeuropeiska (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · la lingua indogermanica (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages) · nb urindoeuropeisk (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages)