While in a bumping operation, there are more than 100 process steps compared with traditional IC packaging operations, ASE strategically planned and deployed 4IR technologies across its operations to streamline the manufacturing processes and optimize production, the company said. 2023 January 14, Han Ting-ting, Frances Huang, “ASE's plant in Kaohsiung selected as WEF 'lighthouse factory'”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 14 Jan 2023, Science & Tech: