turnpike en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- (Southern-England) audio
- /ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/
Etymology
From Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”), originally used to block access to such a road until a toll was paid. Equivalent to modern turn + pike (“shaft”).
Meanings
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A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of animals, but admitting a person to pass between the arms.
1626, Ben Jonson, The Staple of News, Act III, Scene 1, Yale Studies in English Vol. 28, New York: Henry Holt, 1905, p. 58, I moue vpon my axell, like a turne-pike, / Fit my face to the parties, and become / Straight one of them.
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A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, until a toll is paid.
[…] Pope Pelagius, then Bishop of Rome […] thereupon assum'd the Power of opening and shutting Heaven's Gates; and he afterwards setting a Price or Toll upon the Entrance, as we do here at passing a Turn-pike […]
1728, Daniel Defoe, The Political History of the Devil, Part II, ch. 1:1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., pp. 9-10, […] it was rumour’d that an order of the Government was to be issued out, to place Turn-pikes and Barriers on the Road, to prevent Peoples travelling;
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(Scotland) A winding stairway.
Ramsay stabbed Ruthven accordingly and James lending his assistance they thrust the wounded man down the turnpike by which Ramsay had ascended Voices and steps were now heard advancing upwards and Ramsay knowing the accents called out to sir Thomas Erskine to come up the turnpike stair even to the head Sir Thomas Erskine was accompanied by sir Hugh Harris the king's physician a lame man and unfit for fighting Near the bottom of the turnpike sir Thomas Erskine in his ascent met Ruthven bleeding in the face and neck and called out Fie strike I this is the traitor l on which Alexander Ruthven was run through the body having only breath remaining to say Alas I had no blame of it
1830, Sir Walter Scott, History of Scotland in two volumes Vol II, A AND W GALIGNANI, pages 463-464
- A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval de frise.
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(US) A toll road, especially a toll expressway. In some places the clipped version, pike, is used for roads without tolls.
[T]here is a bundle of pawnbrokers' duplicates, those turnpike tickets on the road of poverty ...
1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 11, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:Eleven Pair of Mills ſtand within Four Miles of the Place, which bring a great Trade to it: But the Road is by this means ſo continually torn, that it is one of the worſt Turnpikes about London.
1769, Daniel Defoe, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, 7th edition, volume II, page 184:
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(qualifier:mathematical economics) A trajectory on a finite time interval that satisfies an optimality criterion which is associated with a cost function.
In the monograph we discuss a number of results concerning turnpike properties in the calculus of variations and optimal control which were obtained by the author in the last ten years.
2006, Alexander J. Zaslavski, Turnpike Properties in the Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control, →ISBN:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| turnpikes | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
tpke · shunpike · turnpike doubles · shunpiker · disturnpike · turnpike sailor
Synonyms
turnstile · tollbar · pike · turnstile · tollgate
Translations (46)
pt autoestrada portajada (toll road) · cs placená dálnice (toll road) · cmn 收費道路 /收费道路 (toll road) · es autopista de peaje (toll road) · bg вита стълба (winding stairway) · tr turnike (frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles) · pt rodovia pedagiada (toll road) · es carretera de peaje (toll road) · gl autoestrada de peaxe (toll road) · ga paidhc (toll road) · af tolpad (toll road) · fr route à péage (toll road) · id jalan tol (toll road) · gl autovía de peaxe (toll road) · fi maksullinen moottoritie (toll road) · ca carretera de peatge (toll road) · fi maksullinen tie (toll road) · nl tolweg (toll road) · uk пла́тна доро́га (toll road) · ru пла́тная доро́га (toll road) · hu fizetős autópálya (toll road) · az ödənişli avtomobil yolu (toll road) · gd rathad-càine (toll road) · ga bóthar dola (toll road) · bg платена магистрала (toll road) · de Drehschranke (frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles) · ru пла́тная автомоби́льная доро́га (toll road) · cmn 收費公路 /收费公路 (toll road) · de Mautstraße (toll road) · sv betalväg (toll road) · eu bidesaria bide (toll road) · no bomvei (toll road) · gd rathad-cìse (toll road) · ja 有料道路 (toll road) · da betalingsvej (toll road) · it strada a pedaggio (toll road) · ga bóthar paidhce (toll road) · eu bidesaria errepide (toll road) · fi kierreportaat (winding stairway) · fi pyöröportti (frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles) · el αυτοκινητόδρομος με διόδια (toll road) · es autovía de peaje (toll road) · ca autopista de peatge (toll road) · ca autovia de peatge (toll road) · uk пла́тна автомобі́льна доро́га (toll road) · az ödənişli yol (toll road)