Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Truth is stranger than fiction.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros Proto-Italic *eksteros Latin exter Latin extrā Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Proto-Italic *-ānos Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic *-ejos Proto-Italic *-eos Latin -eus Latin -āneus Latin extrāneusder. Old French estrange Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Old French estrangierbor. Middle English straunger English stranger From Middle English straunger, from Old French estrangier (“foreign, alien”), from estrange, from Latin extraneus (“foreign, external”) (whence also English estrange), from extra (“outside of”). Cognate with French étranger (“foreigner, stranger”) and Spanish extranjero (“foreigner”). Displaced native Old English fremde (literally “strange or unfamiliar person”).
Children are taught not to talk to strangers.
Our love (our love, our love) / Our love is in danger (danger) / And if you don't hurry home / I might give it to a stranger1980, Chaka Khan, “Our Love's In Danger”, in Naughty (Chaka Khan album):
In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.[…]Strangers might enter the room, but they were made to feel that they were there on sufferance: they were received with distance and suspicion.1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
That gentleman is a stranger to me.
I am a most poor woman and a stranger, / Born out of your dominions.1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
I like to be a stranger myself—it was my destiny; but I wish to be the only stranger.1952 May, George Santayana, “I Like to Be a Stranger”, in The Atlantic:
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, / And strangers to the sun yet ripen here.1726, George Granville, Written in a Garden in the North:
The first thing that strikes the stranger is the sharpness of the curves on the metre gauge; it is not unusual for a long train to be travelling in three directions at once, and the engine is frequently in full view of the windows of the ninth or tenth carriage.1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 263:
[…] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
Wearing number 66 for his club side, Alexander-Arnold is no stranger to an unusual shirt number. Regardless, the sight of the right-back wearing 10 in central midfield for England was guaranteed to catch the eye.2023 June 17, Emma Smith, “Malta 0-4 England”, in BBC Sport:
Hello, stranger!
To honour and receive / Our heavenly stranger.1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
Actual possession of land gives a good title against a stranger having no title.
[Judge Beverly] Davis then granted the adoption to the new wife of the boy's father; this action designated the boy's natural mother a "legal stranger," terminating all rights the mother had to visit her child.1980 August 9, Jil Clark, “Lesbian Mother Fights For Son”, in Gay Community News, page 1:
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| strangers | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
fellow countryman (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”) · compatriot (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”) · fellow citizen (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”) · acquaintance (antonym(s) of “person whom one does not know”) · countryman (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”) · national (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”) · friend (antonym(s) of “person whom one does not know”) · resident (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”)
don't be a stranger · stranger danger · strangership · strangerly · perfect stranger · stranger crime · strangerwise · nonstranger · be no stranger to · stranger in the night · strangerlike · familiar stranger · cyberstranger · strangerdom · strangeress · strangerhood
nonnational · non-national · outcast · alien (outsider, foreigner) · non-resident · nonresident · outsider · foreign national · foreigner
beginner · newcomer · newbie (newcomer)
sw mgeni (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · uk чужи́нець (person whom one does not know) · cmn 外國人 /外国人 (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · es forastero (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ca estranger (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · cy dieithryn (person whom one does not know) · nl vreemdeling (person whom one does not know) · fi tulokas (newcomer) · es desconocido (person whom one does not know) · nl vreemde (person whom one does not know) · sh strȁnkinja (person whom one does not know) · bg чуждене́ц (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · mi uakoau (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Ausländerin (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · tg аҷнабӣ (person whom one does not know) · hu idegen (person whom one does not know) · it straniera (person whom one does not know) · mk туѓинец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · tg ғариб (person whom one does not know) · la extrāneus (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · nn utlending (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ang fremde (person whom one does not know) · ru чужо́й (person whom one does not know) · mk новодојденец (newcomer) · sh stránac (person whom one does not know) · fa غریبه (person whom one does not know) · se guossi (person whom one does not know) · sk cudzinka (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · fr étrangère (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · el ξένος (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · th ฝรั่ง (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sh стра̏нкиња (person whom one does not know) · eu arrotz (person whom one does not know) · ru иноро́дец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Fremdlingin (person whom one does not know) · clt khyche (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ko 이국인 (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · grc ξένος (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · fa خارجی (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ro străină (person whom one does not know) · gd coigreach (newcomer) · fi vieras (person whom one does not know) · uk незнайо́мець (person whom one does not know) · pl cudzoziemiec (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · nl buitenlander (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ml അപരിചിതൻ (person whom one does not know) · fr inconnu (person whom one does not know) · ja 見ず知らず (person whom one does not know) · sh туђи́нац (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · grc ξένος (person whom one does not know) · pt estranho (person whom one does not know) · eo fremdulo (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · it straniero (person whom one does not know) · sh strȁnkinja (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · gd coimheach (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · da udlænding (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · fo útlendingur (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ca forastera (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · enm stranger (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ota یابانجی (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · be чужы́ (person whom one does not know) · uk незнайо́мка (person whom one does not know) · io stranjerulo (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · nl vreemdelinge (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · scn stranu (person whom one does not know) · ja 外国人 (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · bg чужденка́ (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · la extrāneus (person whom one does not know) · ar أَجْنَبِيّ (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · da fremmed (person whom one does not know) · ro străin (person whom one does not know) · pt estrangeira (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · el νέος (newcomer) · sh došljàkinja (newcomer) · clt khyche (person whom one does not know) · fr étranger (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · tum mlendo (person whom one does not know) · ru чужезе́мец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ja 外人 (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · hi विदेशी (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sq huaj (person whom one does not know) · pt sumido (one who has not been seen for a long time) · pl nieznajomy (person whom one does not know) · de Fremde (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ko 낯선 사람 (person whom one does not know) · it sconosciuto (person whom one does not know) · pl obcy (person whom one does not know) · de Neuling (newcomer) · pt recém-chegada (newcomer) · ru иностра́нец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · uk інозе́мець (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · be чужазе́мка (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Fremdling (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Fremder (newcomer) · bho अजनबी (person whom one does not know) · be іншазе́мец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · be незнаёмец (person whom one does not know) · ka უცხო (person whom one does not know) · ka უცნობი (person whom one does not know) · tr yabancı (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Ausländer (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · fa اجنبی (person whom one does not know) · cs cizinec (person whom one does not know) · ca estrangera (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · scn strana (person whom one does not know) · ar غَرِيبَة (person whom one does not know) · cs cizozemec (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · is útlendingur (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · nb utlending (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ar غَرِيب (person whom one does not know) · sh stránac (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · uk інозе́мка (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sh tuđínac (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · pl nieznajoma (person whom one does not know) · tr yabancı (person whom one does not know) · txb laukito (person whom one does not know) · sv utlänning (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · el ξένη (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sv främling (newcomer) · io stranjero (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · la aliēnus (person whom one does not know) · be іншазе́мка (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ru иностра́нка (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · de Fremder (person whom one does not know) · fi tuntematon (person whom one does not know) · pl cudzoziemka (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · es extranjero (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · uk чужи́нка (person whom one does not know) · nl buitenlandse (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · eo alilandulo (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · da fremmed (newcomer) · mk странец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · es forastera (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ki mũgeni (person whom one does not know) · pt recém-chegado (newcomer) · sl neznanka (person whom one does not know) · bg непозна́т (person whom one does not know) · sl neznanec (person whom one does not know) · nl vreemdelinge (person whom one does not know) · eo nekonato (person whom one does not know) · mi uakoau (newcomer) · enm alien (person whom one does not know) · el άγνωστος (person whom one does not know) · fi muukalainen (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · da fremmed (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sh стра́нац (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · gd coigreach (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · enm straunger (person whom one does not know) · pt forasteiro (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ca desconegut (person whom one does not know) · ga strainséir (person whom one does not know) · sl tujec (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · pt estranha (person whom one does not know) · es desconocida (person whom one does not know) · fr inconnue (person whom one does not know) · sh стра́нац (person whom one does not know) · nl vreemdeling (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sl tujka (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · fa اجنبی (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · pt estrangeiro (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · nb fremmed (person whom one does not know) · ga strainséir (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · scn stranu (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ru незнако́мец (person whom one does not know) · scn furisteri (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · io stranjerino (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · it straniera (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · mk дојденец (newcomer) · hy անծանոթ (person whom one does not know) · cmn 新手 (newcomer) · id orang asing (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · mk незнаник (person whom one does not know) · de Fremdling (person whom one does not know) · pl przybyszka (newcomer) · sv främling (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ca foraster (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ja 知らない人 (person whom one does not know) · ru новоприбы́вший (newcomer) · de Fremder (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ka უცხოელი (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sh стра̏нкиња (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · pl przybysz (newcomer) · sh dòšljāk (newcomer) · hy օտարական (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · tg хориҷӣ (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sl tujec (person whom one does not know) · eo eksterlandano (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · cs cizinec (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · gd coimheach (person whom one does not know) · el ξένος (person whom one does not know) · eo alilandano (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ur پردیشی (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · es extraña (person whom one does not know) · ru чужа́к (person whom one does not know) · cmn 陌生人 (person whom one does not know) · la advena (newcomer) · la extrānea (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sg wandê (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · mk туѓинец (person whom one does not know) · mi tautangata (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · hu idegenek (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sv nykomling (newcomer) · mk незнајник (person whom one does not know) · gd coigreach (person whom one does not know) · enm alien (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · mi pūtere (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · hy նորեկ (newcomer) · sv främling (person whom one does not know) · es extranjera (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · scn scanusciutu (person whom one does not know) · sk cudzinec (person whom one does not know) · cs neznámý (person whom one does not know) · hi अजनबी (person whom one does not know) · de Fremde (newcomer) · de Fremde (person whom one does not know) · it straniero (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ur اجنبی (person whom one does not know) · ru посторо́нний (person whom one does not know) · be чужазе́мец (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · ota یابانجی (person whom one does not know) · ko 외국인 (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · sl tujka (person whom one does not know) · uk чужи́й (person whom one does not know) · sk cudzinec (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · el αλλοδαπός (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · vi người lạ (person whom one does not know) · ru незнако́мка (person whom one does not know) · ru прише́лец (newcomer) · be незнаёмка (person whom one does not know) · sh prìdošlica (newcomer) · la hospes (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · es extraño (person whom one does not know) · tg аҷнабӣ (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · hi परदेशी (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · la advena (person whom one does not know) · el αλλοδαπή (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner) · hi अन्यदेशीय (outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner)
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros Proto-Italic *eksteros Latin exter Latin extrā Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Proto-Italic *-ānos Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic *-ejos Proto-Italic *-eos Latin -eus Latin -āneus Latin extrāneusder. Old French estrange Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Old French estrangierbor. Middle English straunger English stranger From Middle English straunger, from Old French estrangier (“foreign, alien”), from estrange, from Latin extraneus (“foreign, external”) (whence also English estrange), from extra (“outside of”). Cognate with French étranger (“foreigner, stranger”) and Spanish extranjero (“foreigner”). Displaced native Old English fremde (literally “strange or unfamiliar person”).
Dowered with our curse, and strangered with our oathc. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| strangering | Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part | lexicographic | |
| strangers | Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres | lexicographic | |
| strangered | Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part | lexicographic | |
| strangered | Tense=Past | lexicographic |