Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *kalēō
Latin caleō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin calidus
Latin caldus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin excaldō
Old Northern French escalderbor.
Middle English scalden
English scald
From Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).
Cognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.
Also compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.
Meanings
A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam.
A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale.
THE NIGHT BEFORE: MIX THE LEAVEN AND PREPARE THE SCALD. [...] mix the rye starter with the whole rye flour and room temperature water. Cover with a lid and let rest overnight, or 8 to 10 hours. Make the scald[:] In a 1-pint deli container (or similar container), combine the dark rye flour and boiling water and mix thoroughly until there is no dry flour. [...] let rest overnight […] 2022 August 30, Tara Jensen, Flour Power: The Practice and Pursuit of Baking Sourdough Bread, Clarkson Potter, →ISBN, page 214:
[…] stir in the flour by hand, and afterwards add the boiling water, and stir vigorously as already described for Virgin barm. The scald should not be so stiff as for Virgin, and should taste sweet when newly made. 1911, William Jago, William C. Jago, The Technology of Bread-making: Including the Chemistry and Analytical and Practical Testing of Wheat, Flour, and Other Materials Employed in Bread-making and Confectionery, page 253:
sv skållning (burn caused by hot liquid) · ru ожо́г (burn caused by hot liquid) · he כווייה (burn caused by hot liquid) · de Verbrühung (burn caused by hot liquid) · es quemadura (burn caused by hot liquid) · es escaldadura (burn caused by hot liquid) · cmn 燙傷 /烫伤 (burn caused by hot liquid) · ro opăritură (burn caused by hot liquid) · de Brühstück (mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread) · bg изгорено място (burn caused by hot liquid) · sv skållning (mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread)
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *kalēō
Latin caleō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin calidus
Latin caldus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin excaldō
Old Northern French escalderbor.
Middle English scalden
English scald
From Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).
Cognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.
Also compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.
Meanings
To burn with hot liquid.
Mine own tears / Do scald like molten lead. c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page vii, line 48:
Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall. 1656, Abraham Cowley, Davideis:
to scald the hand
The fireman was scalded by steam, but he did not fare so badly as the enemy pilot, whose dead body was found on a bank about 100 yd. away from the train. 1943 March and April, “Notes and News: Southern Locomotive Destroys Raider”, in Railway Magazine, page 119:
To heat almost to boiling.
Scald the milk until little bubbles form.
Forms
Spelling
Features
Labels
Source
scalds
Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres
lexicographic
scalding
Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part
lexicographic
scalded
Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part
lexicographic
scalded
Tense=Past
lexicographic
Translations (48)
ca escaldar (to burn with hot fluid) · fi kuumentaa (to heat almost to boiling) · sk obariť (to burn with hot fluid) · da skolde (to burn with hot fluid) · ro opări (to heat almost to boiling) · it scottare (to burn with hot fluid) · fi polttaa (to burn with hot fluid) · de verbrühen (to burn with hot fluid) · fr échauder (to heat almost to boiling) · cs spařit (to burn with hot fluid) · cmn 燙 /烫 (to burn with hot fluid) · pt escaldar (to burn with hot fluid) · de brühen (to heat almost to boiling) · he שרף (to burn with hot fluid) · bg запарвам (to heat almost to boiling) · fr ébouillanter (to burn with hot fluid) · es escaldar (to burn with hot fluid) · ru обвари́ть (to burn with hot fluid) · es quemar (to burn with hot fluid) · ru ошпаривать (to burn with hot fluid) · sv skålla (to burn with hot fluid) · tl mabanlian (to burn with hot fluid) · el ζεματώ (to burn with hot fluid) · hu leforráz (to burn with hot fluid) · fi aiheuttaa palovamma (to burn with hot fluid) · ru обжига́ть (to burn with hot fluid) · cmn 燙傷 /烫伤 (to burn with hot fluid) · la combūrō (to burn with hot fluid) · cs opařit (to burn with hot fluid) · lt plikyti (to burn with hot fluid) · fi kaltata (to burn with hot fluid) · tl makabanli (to burn with hot fluid) · th ลวก (to burn with hot fluid) · it scaldare (to heat almost to boiling) · uk обшпарювати (to burn with hot fluid) · ru обва́ривать (to burn with hot fluid) · es escaldar (to heat almost to boiling) · uk обшпарити (to burn with hot fluid) · gl escaldar (to burn with hot fluid) · ru ошпа́рить (to burn with hot fluid) · ru обже́чь (to burn with hot fluid) · tl banlian (to burn with hot fluid) · bg попарвам (to burn with hot fluid) · nb skålde (to burn with hot fluid) · he הרתיח (to heat almost to boiling) · fr échauder (to burn with hot fluid) · ro opări (to burn with hot fluid) · pt escaldar (to heat almost to boiling)
Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).
Meanings
(obsolete) Affected with the scab; scabby.
and let us knog our / prains together to be revenge on this same scald, scurvy, / cogging companion, 1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, act III, scene i, line 110:
(obsolete) Paltry; worthless.
Would it not grieue a King to be so abuſ’d?
And haue a thouſand horſmen tane away?
And which is worſe to haue his Diadem
Sought for by ſuch ſcalde knaues as loue him not? c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:
Saucy lictors / Will catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhymers / Ballad us out o' tune. 1598, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, act V, scene ii, line 215:
Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).
Meanings
(obsolete, uncountable) Scaliness; a scabby skin disease.
Some heale Horses, some cure men, some the plague, some the scald [translating teigne], some the cough, some one kinde of scab, and some another[…]. 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
Her craftie head was altogether bald, / And as in hate of honorable eld, / Was ouergrowne with scurfe and filthy scald[…]. 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
The fire was spreading rapidly through all parts of the castle, when Ulrica, who had first kindled it, appeared on a turret, in the guise of one of the ancient furies, yelling forth a war-song, such as was of yore chaunted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons. 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter I, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28: