recalcitrant en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /ɹɪˈkæl.sɪ.tɹənt/
- (Australia) audio
Etymology
Borrowed from French récalcitrant, in derived from Latin recalcitrāns, recalcitrantis, present participle of recalcitrō, recalcitrāre (“be disobedient, kick back [as a horse]”), from calx (“heel”), 1820s.
Meanings
-
Marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey authority.
His nimble fancy was recalcitrant to mental discipline.
1908, Edith Wharton, “In Trust”, in The Hermit and the Wild Woman and Other Stories:There was something in her manner so reminiscent of the school teacher reprimanding a recalcitrant pupil that Mr. Snyder's sense of humor came to his rescue.
1914, P. G. Wodehouse, Death at the Excelsior:Once pregnant, women were typically kept at hard labor until until their fifth month and recalcitrant pregnant women were made to lie in trenches that accommodated their bellies so that they could be beaten without harming the unborn child.
2008, Harriet A. Washington, “Southern Discomfort”, in Medical Apartheid, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, page 63:The incentive to this first-class performance was a 14 min. late start from Hellifield, due to a recalcitrant van door which could not be properly secured.
1958 August 14, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 560:Kenya's official "Cowan Plan," named after a colonial prison administrator, decreed that recalcitrant prisoners "be manhandled to the site and forced to carry out the task."
1959 June 8, “Kenya: The Hola Scandal”, in Time:
- Unwilling to cooperate socially.
-
Difficult to deal with or to operate.
Particularly recalcitrant examples which made it impossible to remove actual words while maintaining the balance of the set were resolved by altering a consonant in the base word to create a new base form.
2006, Janet Pierrehumbert, “Syllable structure and word structure: a study of triconsonantal clusters in English”, in Patricia A. Keating, editor, Phonological Structure and Phonetic Form, page 179:The temptation is to regard him [John Ogdon] as an idiot savant, a big talent bottled inside a recalcitrant body and accompanied by a personality that seems not just unremarkable, but almost entirely blank.
2014 May 11, Ivan Hewett, “Piano Man: a Life of John Ogdon by Charles Beauclerk, review: A new biography of the great British pianist whose own genius destroyed him [print version: A colossus off-key, 10 May 2014, p. R27]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):The Hansa had no legal status, independent finances or a common institutional framework, while the major weapon against recalcitrant members (or opponents) was the threat of embargo.
2004, Derek W. Urwin, Germany: From Geographical Expression to Regional Accommodation, in Michael Keating (editor), Regions and Regionalism in Europe, page 47The more labile organic constituents of complex dissolved and particulate organic matter are commonly hydrolyzed and metabolized more rapidly than more recalcitrant organic compounds that are less accessible enzymatically.
2003, Robert G. Wetzel, “Solar radiation as an ecosystem modulator”, in E. Walter Helbling, Horacio Zagarese, editors, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, page 13:However, when a clinician is faced with a more recalcitrant case, it is important to remember to ask the patient whether psychological, social, or occupational stress might be contributing to the activity of the skin disorder.
2010, Brian J. Hall, John C. Hall, Sauer's Manual of Skin Diseases, page 251:
- (of seed, qualifier:pollen; spores; pollen; spores) Not viable for an extended period; damaged by drying or freezing.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| most recalcitrant | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| more recalcitrant | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic |
Antonyms
eager (antonym(s) of “difficult to operate or deal with”) · obedient (antonym(s) of “stubbornly unwilling to obey authority”) · orthodox (antonym(s) of “not viable for long period”) · cooperative (antonym(s) of “difficult to operate or deal with”) · amenable (antonym(s) of “difficult to operate or deal with”) · compliant (antonym(s) of “stubbornly unwilling to obey authority”)
Deriveds
recalcitrance · recalcitrancy · recalcitrantly · biorecalcitrant
Synonyms
rebellious (stubbornly unwilling to obey authority) · obstreperous (difficult to operate or deal with) · defiant (stubbornly unwilling to obey authority) · argumentative (stubbornly unwilling to obey authority) · stubborn (difficult to operate or deal with) · adversarial (difficult to operate or deal with) · intransigent (difficult to operate or deal with) · disobedient (stubbornly unwilling to obey authority) · unruly (difficult to operate or deal with)
Translations (92)
hi अड़ियल (hard to deal with or operate) · ur بَاغِی (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · hi अड़ियल (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · mr दुर्दम्य (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · sv svårkuvad (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fi niskoitteleva (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · pl krnąbrny (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · nl weerbarstig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de dickköpfig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · cmn 桀驁不馴的 /桀骜不驯的 (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fi itsepintainen (hard to deal with or operate) · de bockig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · sv motsträvig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · hi बाग़ी (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de eigensinnig (hard to deal with or operate) · nl tegenstrijdig (hard to deal with or operate) · or ଦୁର୍ଦମ୍ୟ (hard to deal with or operate) · de aufsässig (hard to deal with or operate) · fa بَاغِی (hard to deal with or operate) · da genstridig (hard to deal with or operate) · or ଦୁର୍ଦମ୍ୟ (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · hi बाग़ी (hard to deal with or operate) · de hartnäckig (hard to deal with or operate) · da stædig (hard to deal with or operate) · de trotzig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de störrisch (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · es contumaz (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · mr दुर्दम्य (hard to deal with or operate) · no trassig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fi uppiniskainen (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · es recalcitrante (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · cs vzpurný (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · uk непокірний (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de unbequem (hard to deal with or operate) · de störrisch (hard to deal with or operate) · sa दुर्दम्य (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de hartnäckig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fr rebelle (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · sv enveten (hard to deal with or operate) · de widerspenstig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · ru упо́рный (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · nl weerspannig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · bg меудобен (hard to deal with or operate) · sv motspänstig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · it ricalcitrante (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · tr söz dinlemez (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · tr ters (hard to deal with or operate) · ru про́чный (hard to deal with or operate) · tr aksi (hard to deal with or operate) · de unkooperativ (hard to deal with or operate) · de spröde (hard to deal with or operate) · is þverúðarfullur (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · pl uparty (hard to deal with or operate) · uk неслухняний (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · tr itaat etmez (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · cs vzdorovitý (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fa بَاغِی (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · sv hårdnackad (hard to deal with or operate) · eo obstina (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · bg своеволен (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · ru непоко́рный (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de aufmüpfig (hard to deal with or operate) · uk непіддатливий (hard to deal with or operate) · nl recalcitrant (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · nl koppig (hard to deal with or operate) · de aufsässig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · is þrjóskur (hard to deal with or operate) · de renitent (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · ur بَاغِی (hard to deal with or operate) · hi दुर्दम्य (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · tr serkeş (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · fr récalcitrant (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · sv svårkuvad (hard to deal with or operate) · no gjenstridig (hard to deal with or operate) · es recalcitrante, contumaz (hard to deal with or operate) · nl onhandelbaar (hard to deal with or operate) · ne दुर्दम्य (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · ne दुर्दम्य (hard to deal with or operate) · fy dôfhûdich (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · de bockig (hard to deal with or operate) · fy dôfhûdich (hard to deal with or operate) · it ricalcitrante (hard to deal with or operate) · de stur (hard to deal with or operate) · fr récalcitrant (hard to deal with or operate) · gv neuwooiagh (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · pl nieposłuszny (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · yue 桀驁不馴嘅 /桀骜不驯嘅 (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · uk стійкий (hard to deal with or operate) · de aufmüpfig (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · hi दुर्दम्य (hard to deal with or operate) · bg непокорен (marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey figures of authority) · ru сто́йкий (hard to deal with or operate)