quinine en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- (Southern-England) audio
- /kwɪˈniːn/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ (General-American)
- /ˈkwɪn.iːn/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- (General-American) audio
- /ˈkwɪn.aɪn/ (General-American)
Etymology
The noun is either: * derived from Spanish quina (“quinine”) (a clipping of quinaquina (“Cinchona bark”)) + English -ine (suffix forming names of chemical substances, especially (among others) alkaloidal substances); or * borrowed from French quinine, from quin(quina) (“Cinchona bark”) + -ine (feminine form of -in (suffix forming nouns)). Spanish quinaquina and French quinquina are both derived from Quechua kina-kina, a reduplication of kina (“bark; (specifically) Cinchona bark”). The verb is derived from the noun.
Meanings
-
(countable, uncountable) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂, originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona), used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it.
Quinine, taken in the evening, is considered by the Persians as an aphrodisiac aid.
1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 202:The quinine, being more potent than cinchonine, is generally preferred.
1828, The Medical Guide, Quinine, cinchonine, and sulphate of quinine:The alkali of yellow bark may be distinguished from cinchonine by the name of quinine.
1821, The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts, volume 10:“Die? Yes, they’ll all die—all these men. No bandages, no salves, no quinine, no chloroform. Oh, God, for some morphia! Just a little morphia for the worst ones. Just a little chloroform. God damn the Yankees! God damn the Yankees!”
1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published June 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 363:In spite of quinine, the men sickened day by day. Many of them, fine, strong, active fellows, who had never known what a day's sickness meant, went down before the malarious mist that gathered in the jungles.
1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 102:I propose that the availability of increased stores of quinine under British control had a similar facilitating effect on the British colonial expansion into Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
1979, Lucile H. Brockway, Science and Colonial Expansion, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 127:So far, the daily dose of quinine had been bitter and very unpalatable. […] To make the medicine go down more easily, colonialists occasionally mixed the powder with sugar, water and gin.
2014, Olivia Williams, “Gin is the Tonic”, in Gin Glorious Gin: How Mother’s Ruin Became the Spirit of London, London: Headline Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 163:He hadn't the faintest idea what to do with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.
1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days, London: W[illiam] Collins Sons & Co., →OCLC:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| quinines | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
quininization · iodoquinine · quininize · quinine bush · quininism · quiniferous · quinine tree · common wild quinine · artemisinin · quininic · quinine flower · nonquinine · quinogen · quinine water · wild quinine · quinine bark · quinaphthol · quinine test
Relateds
quinoxaline · quinetum · quinolone · -quine · quinhydrone · quinol · quinovin · quinovate · quinoid · quinovatannic acid · quinamine · quinone · quinova red · quinacridone · quinaldine · quinidine · quinism · quina · quinology · quinamidine · quinide · quinovite · quinoyl · quinina · quinologist · quinquina · quinaquina · quinotannic acid · quinovic · quinovose · quinoline · quinolizine · quinamicine · quinia · quinizarin · quinic · quinazoline · quinonoid · quinidia · quinacrine · quinicine · Jesuit's bark · quinoidine · quinate
Translations (39)
nn kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · gl quinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · es quinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · nb kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · is kínín (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · fo kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ga quinín (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ru хини́н (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · io quinino (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · he כִּינִין (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · tr kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · cmn 奎寧 /奎宁 (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · da kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · hi कुनैन (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · de Chinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · pl chinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sl kinín (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · cs chinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · pt quinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · nl kinine (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · bg хинин (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sh кѝнӣн (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · fr quinine (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sw kwinini (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sk chinín (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ca quinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sh kìnīn (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · eo kinino (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · hy քինին (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · fi kiniini (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ro chinină (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · it chinino (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · eo ĥinino (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ja キニーネ (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · sv kinin (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · tl kinina (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · pt quinino (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ka ქინინი (alkaloid used to treat malaria) · ha kùnî (alkaloid used to treat malaria)