public en · ADJ · etymology 1
Pronunciation
- /ˈpɐb.lək/ (New-Zealand)
- /ˈpʊb.lɪk/ (Ireland, Northern-England)
- /ˈpɐb.lɪk/ (Australia)
- /ˈpʌb.lɪk/ (Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation)
- (General-American) audio
Etymology
The adjective and noun are derived from Late Middle English publik, publike (“(adjective) generally observable, public; relating to the general public or public affairs; (noun) a generally observable place or situation”), from Anglo-Norman public, publik, publique, Middle French public, publique, and Old French public (“(adjective) generally observable, public; relating to the general public; official; (noun) community or its members collectively; nation, state; audience, spectators collectively”) (modern French public, publique (obsolete)); and from their etymon Latin pūblicus (“of or belonging to the community, people, or state; general, public”), an alteration of poplicus (influenced by pūbēs (“adult men; male population”)), from poplus (“community; the people, public; nation, state”) (later populus; from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”); further origin uncertain, possibly from Etruscan or from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + -icus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Related to people, populus, etc. The Middle English word displaced native Old English ceorlfolc and folclic. The verb is derived from the adjective.
Meanings
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Able to be known or seen by everyone; happening without concealment; open to general view.
VVith ſcoffes and ſcornes, and contumelious taunts, / In open Market-place produc't they me, / To be a publique ſpectacle to all: / Here, ſayd they, is the Terror of the French, / The Scar-Crovv that affrights our Children ſo.
1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vi], page 100, column 1:[T]he Apoſtles preached as vvell vvhen they vvrote as vvhen they ſpake the Goſpell of Chriſt, and our vſuall publique reading of the vvord of God for the peoples inſtruction is preaching.
1597, Richard Hooker, “S. Pauls Writing is No More Preaching, then His Pen or his Hand is His Toong: Seeing They Cannot be the Same which Cannot be Made by the Same Instruments”, in J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book V, page 222:Thy [Jesus's] firſt publique miracle graceth a marriage; It is an ancient and laudable inſtitution, that the rites of matrimony ſhould not vvant a ſolemne celebration; VVhen are feaſts in ſeaſon, if not at the recouery of our loſt ribbe?
1620, Ios. Hall [i.e., Joseph Hall], “[Contemplations vpon the History of the New Testament. The Second Booke.] The Marriage in Cana.”, in Contemplations [vpon the Principal Passages of the Holy Story], […], volume V, London: […] E[dward] G[riffin] for Henry Fetherstone, →OCLC, page 452:Earlier this month [Tim] Godwin had to make a public apology to the family of Daniel Morgan after the collapse of a £30m inquiry into his murder in 1987.
2011 April 18, Sandra Laville, “Paul Stephenson returns to desk at Metropolitan police”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 25 Oct 2023:The Parliament alſo permitted General [George] Monck to ſend Mʳ [Thomas] Clarges his brother-in-law, accompanied vvith ſome Officers of the Army, to aſſure his Majeſty [Charles II of England] of the fidelity and obedience of the Army; vvhich had made publick and ſolemn proteſtations thereof, after the Letter and Declaration vvas communicated unto them by the General.
1660, William Lower, transl., A Relation in Form of Journal, of the Voiage and Residence which the Most Excellent and Most Mighty Prince Charls the II King of Great Britain, &c. hath Made in Holland, from the 25 of May, to the 2 of June, 1660. […], The Hague: […] Adrian Vlack, →OCLC, page 4:[O]ur last advices from Spain inform us, that the prince of Asturias had made his public entry into Madrid in great splendour.
1709 May 15 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [pseudonym; Richard Steele et al.], “Wednesday, May 5, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 11; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume I, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC, page 73:Clear away! There was nothing they wouldn't have cleared away, or couldn't have cleared away, with old Fezziwig looking on. It was done in a minute. Every movable was packed off, as if it were dismissed from public life for evermore; the floor was swept and watered, the lamps were trimmed, fuel was heaped upon the fire; and the warehouse was as snug, and warm, and dry, and bright a ball-room, as you would desire to see upon a winter's night.
1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Two. The First of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. […], London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 58–59:Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
2013 June 19, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are not merely out of control. They’re beyond control [print version: Our banks are out of control, 28 June 2013]”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 Mar 2024, page 21:
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Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes.
Then it occurred to me that I might be doing a rash thing in going off to an unknown house in a seedy suburb. So I went into a public telephone-booth, rang up the Club, and told the porter that if Colonel Arbuthnot called, I was at 4 Palmyra Square, N.W.—I made him write down the address—and would be back before ten o'clock.
1924 July, John Buchan, “The House in Gospel Oak”, in The Three Hostages, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 85:public library public park
The couple had hoped to be married on the actual steps of the State House but State House police made it impossible. Leary claimed that the police had told him that he would be "arrested" if he crossed the street. "They had no right to say that," he said. "The stairway there is a public stairway."
1975 December 13, Gerrie Leary, quotee, “‘State House’ Couple Fail To Get License”, in Marion E[lizabeth] Tholander, editor, Gay Community News, volume 3, number 24, Boston, Mass.: GCN, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, columns 2–3:Officials say about 500 babies are abandoned each year in Western Cape province and that the number is increasing. Some are left for dead on rubbish tips, in refuge bags or at public toilets.
2011 May 10, David Smith, “South African ‘baby safe’ condemned by child welfare groups”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 May 2021:There are some fields near Manchester, well known to the inhabitants as "Green Heys Fields," through which runs a public footpath to a little village about two miles distant.
1848, [Elizabeth Gaskell], chapter I, in Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life. […] (Chapman and Hall’s Series of Original Works of Fiction, Biography, and General Literature), volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 1:Our late distinguished townsman, Noah Dow, Esquire, as is well known, bequeathed a large portion of his fortune to this establishment,—"being thereto moved," as his will expressed it, "by the desire of N. Dowing some publick Institution for the benefit of Mankind."
1861 January, “A Visit to the Asylum for Aged and Decayed Punsters”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politics, volume VII, number XXXIX, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, […]; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 114, column 1:Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
2013 June 7, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama is like Apple, Google and Facebook: A once hip brand tainted by Prism [print version: Obama's once hip brand is now tainted, 14 June 2013]”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 Mar 2024, page 18:I ſavv her once / Hop forty Paces through the publicke ſtreete, […]
c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 347, column 2:
- Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. ▸ Of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly, for example, through a stock market.
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Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country.
[S]tanding publick Records have been kept of theſe vvell atteſted Relations, and Epocha’s made of thoſe unvvonted events.
1667, J[oseph] G[lanvill], Some Philosophical Considerations Touching the Being of Witches and Witchcraft. […], London: […] E[llen] C[otes] for James Collins […], →OCLC, page 5:[I]f the nominated be to a place vvherein he is entruſted vvith the management of public moneys, he that nominates is ſurety for him, and is to make good vvhat he defrauds the Common-vvealth of.
1673, John Ray, “Of Venice”, in Observations Topographical, Moral, & Physiological; Made in a Journey through part of the Low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France: […], London: […] John Martyn, printer to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 163:I knew a brazen minister of state, / Who bore for twice ten years the publick hate. / In every mouth the question most in vogue / Was, When will they turn out this odious rogue?
1731 (date written), Jonathan Swift, “An Epistle to Mr. [John] Gay”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume VIII, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 118:I Profeſs in the ſincerity of my Heart that I have not the leaſt perſonal Intereſt in endeavouring to promote this neceſſary VVorks having no other Motive than the publick Good of my Country, by advancing our Trade, providing for Infants, relieving the Poor, and giving ſome Pleaſure to the Rich.
1729, [Jonathan Swift], A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to Their Parents, or the Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick, Dublin: […] S[arah] Harding, […], →OCLC, page 16:In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
2013 May 6, George Monbiot, “Why the politics of envy are keenest among the very rich [print version: Money just makes the rich suffer, 17 May 2013]”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 Oct 2022, page 19:A mere 3% of the more than 1,000 people interviewed said they actually knew what the conference was about. It seems safe to say public awareness of the Convention on Biological Awareness in Nagoya – and its goal of safeguarding wildlife – is close to non-existent.
2010 September 16, Adam Vaughan, “Public awareness of the biodiversity crisis is virtually non-existent”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Dec 2023:Money, being the instrument of an important public and private purpose, is rightly regarded as wealth; but everything else which serves any human purpose, and which nature does not afford gratuitously, is wealth also. […] Everything forms therefore a part of wealth, which has a power of purchasing; for which anything useful or agreeable would be given in exchange.
1848, John Stuart Mill, “Preliminary Remarks”, in Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, book I (Production), page 8:
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Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community, rather than by a private organization.
It is vvonderful, Sir, vvith hovv little real ſuperiority of mind men can make an eminent figure in publick life.
1791, James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, “[1783]”, in James Boswell, editor, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], volume II, London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC, page 440:[P]oor Houſekeepers, vvho vvill be glad to accept of ſome private Benefactions, and yet, having lived creditably, till reduced by Misfortunes, are aſhamed to apply for publick Relief: […]
1742, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter X. From Miss Darnford to Her Father and Mother.”, in Pamela; Or, Virtue Rewarded. […], 3rd edition, volume IV, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; and sold by J. Osborn, […]; and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, pages 59–60:Hee brought-in likevvise the ancient cuſtome againe, that in vvhat moneth hee had not the Knitches of rods vvith Axes borne before him, a publique Officer called Accensvs ſhould huiſher him before, and the Serjeants or Lictours follovv after behinde.
1606, Caius [i.e., Gaius] Suetonius Tranquillus, “The Historie of Caius Iulius Cesar Dictator”, in Philêmon Holland, transl., The Historie of Twelve Cæsars Emperours of Rome. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes and George Snowdon] for Matthew Lownes, →OCLC, section 20, page 8:But culture's total budget is a tiny proportion of all public spending; it is one of the government's most visible success stories.
2004 June 18, “Economic policy: For art's sake”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 Nov 2017:Eager to find material for stories, and bent on making them original in plot, if not masterly in execution, […] she excited the suspicions of public librarians by asking for works on poisons; […]
1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “[A] Friend”, in Little Women: […], 2nd part, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, page 162:[T]hoſe vvho aſſiſt the Commonvvealth in a time of need vvith their eſtates, lending ſuch a ſum of mony as the Lavv determines, have liberty granted them to be preſent in this Council, and to underſtand the management of public affairs (yet vvithout povver of balloting) till ſuch time as their moneys be repaid, and ſometimes longer.
1673, John Ray, “Of Venice”, in Observations Topographical, Moral, & Physiological; Made in a Journey through part of the Low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France: […], London: […] John Martyn, printer to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 170:From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 356:public housing public officer public prosecutor public servant
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Pertaining to a person in the capacity in which they deal with other people on a formal or official basis, as opposed to a personal or private capacity; official, professional.
public face public image
The first that I lay my hands on, is a treatise concerning 'the empire of beauty,' and the effects it has had in all nations of the world, upon the public and private actions of men; […]
1709 May 13 (Gregorian calendar), Jenny Distaff [pseudonym; Richard Steele], “Monday, May 3, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 10; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume I, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC, page 60:The preacher […] who can say any thing new or striking, any thing that rouses the attention, without offending the taste, or wearing out the feelings of his hearers, is a man whom one could not (in his public capacity) honour enough.
1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter III, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 67:
- (broadly, not-comparable, qualifier:object-oriented programming) Of an object: accessible to the program in general, not only to a class or subclass.
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(archaic) Pertaining to nations collectively, or to nations regarded as civilized; international, supernational.
[…] Nicodemus had not affirmed him [Jesus] to be a prophete, but ſayde: whoſoeuer he be, he ought not after our common, or rather publike law, (that is to ſaye, a lawe which indifferently perteyneth to all men of euery ſtate) to be condemned, except his cauſe be knowen before.
1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Gospell of Sainct John. The .vij. Chapter.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio lviii, recto:[S]uch a one concerns himſelf very needleſsly for almoſt all the publique Quarrels in Chriſtendome, and ſhevvs himſelf zealous for a party vvhich vvill receive no advantage by his diſquiets; […]
1665, Robert Boyle, “Occasional Reflections. Discourse XVII. Upon Ones Talking to an Eccho.”, in Occasional Reflections upon Several Subiects. Whereto is Premis’d a Discourse about Such Kind of Thoughts, London: […] W. Wilson for Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, section IV (Which Treats of Angling Improv’d to Spiritual Uses), page 117:
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(archaic) Now chiefly in public spirit and public-spirited: seeking to further the best interests or well-being of the community or nation.
As thus vve talk'd, / Our hearts vvould burn vvithin us, vvould inhale / That portion of divinity, that ray / Of pureſt heaven, vvhich lights the public ſoul / Of patriots, and of heroes.
a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Winter”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, pages 185–186, lines 593–597:Napoleon had been the first man of the world, if his ends had been purely public.
1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Napoleon; or, The Man of the World”, in Representative Men: Seven Lectures, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson and Company, […], →OCLC, pages 228–229:Suppoſe I ſhou'd ſtrike firſt, vvou'd it not breed / Grief in your publick heart to ſee her bleed?
1664 January (first performance), Robert Howard; [John Dryden], “The Indian Queen, a Tragedy”, in Four New Plays, […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], published 1665, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i, page 161:[T]he ſaid [Joseph] Palumbo vvas reſtrain'd to Saint Lorenzo; but being a popular man, and one knovvn to be a good Patriot, and of a publick ſoul, and a perſon of integrity; there vvere four thouſand of the beſt armed men joyn'd together, to vindicate and free the ſaid Palumbo, […]
1652, Alexander Giraffi [i.e., Alessandro Giraffi], “The Second Tumults Happened in the City of Naples, Held to be Hotter and Higher than the Former, which Succeeded the 7. of July”, in James Howell, transl., An Exact History of the Late Revolutions in Naples; […], revised edition, London: […] R[ichard] Lowndes […], published 1663, →OCLC, part II (The Second Part of Massaniello, […]), page 43:
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(archaic) Now only in public figure: famous, prominent, well-known.
I VVas not ſo publick here, as to be very vvell knovvn, at leaſt by any one that had Knovvledge of me in the Country vvhere I liv'd; and this vvas indeed my ſafety aftervvard, as you vvill ſoon hear; […]
1723, [Daniel Defoe], The History and Remarkable Life of the Truly Honourable Col. Jacque, Commonly Call’d Col. Jack, […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] Brotherton, […], →OCLC, page 340:
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(UK, historical) In some older universities in the United Kingdom: open or pertaining to the whole university, as opposed to a constituent college or an individual staff member or student.
I meruailled, why himſelf [Niccolò Leoniceno] did not practiſe Phiſike of whiche facultee he was a Doctour, and a publique reader: I auaile moche more, ſaieth he, in that I teach all thother Phiſiciãs [physicians].
1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Socrates”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book I, folio 4, recto, paragraph 11:
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(obsolete) Of or pertaining to the human race as a whole; common, universal.
In the squares and places you see half-a-dozen of them together, sitting in a social circle on the bottoms of upturned baskets, knitting, talking, and enjoying the public sunshine, as if it were their own household fire.
1858 January 17 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Mediterranean Sea”, in Passages from the French and Italian Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume I, London: Strahan & Co., […], published 1871, →OCLC, page 54:In Iron Clouds conceal'd the Publick Light: / And Impious Mortals fear'd Eternal Night.
1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 68, lines 639–640:
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(obsolete) Chiefly in make public: of a work: printed or otherwise published.
The firſt of his [Hernán Cortés's] diſpatches has never been made public. It vvas ſent from Vera-Cruz, July 16th, 1519.
1777, William Robertson, “Notes and Illustrations. Note I.”, in The History of America, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; T[homas] Cadell, […]; Edinburgh: J[ohn] Balfour, →OCLC, page 441:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| publike | alternative | lexicographic | |
| most public | Degree=Sup | lexicographic | |
| publick | alternative | lexicographic | |
| publique | alternative | lexicographic | |
| more public | Degree=Cmp | lexicographic | |
| publicke | alternative | lexicographic |
Antonyms
private · nonpublic · unpublic
Deriveds
public relations · in public · public-minded · public ownership · pubcasting · counterpublic · public access television · public officer · public transport · public credit · public limited liability company · public trust · public address system · public key · public enemy number one · no one ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public · public toilet · public law · public rhetoric · public service announcement · go public · public place · publicly held · public art · public charge · public housing · public indecency · public service · public licence · public Ivy · nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public · public purse · public-key cryptography · public key certificate · AKPM · nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public · public spirit · public international law · public intoxication · public office · public speaker · public curiosity · pubcaster · public offering · public limited company · public property · public domainness · public square · public television · public works · weal-public · no one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public · public servant · public diplomacy · notary public · public administration · public space · public-sector · public security · public eye · overpublic · public utility van · public debt · public funds · public key cryptography · make a public spectacle of oneself · public woman · public enemy · certified public accountant · public convenience · public body · public domain · public holiday · quasipublic · public-school · public-relations · parapublic · public license · public authority · public transportation · public-hearted · nonpublic · public-private partnership · public trustee · public record · nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public · public-house · public hotel · public sector · public utility bus · public opinion · public figure · public health funeral · public Friend · publically · non-public · public bookcase · public library · public defender · public intellectual · Public Health System · public spending · public utility vehicle · publicization · public historian · public display of affection · semipublic · publicness · public comment · public private partnership · publical · public finance · public speaking · publicly · public authorities · publican · public assistance · public utility jeepney · initial public offering · public leaning post · public telephone · public orator · public house · prepublic · public image · public sphere pedagogy · public interest · unpublic · public-spirited · public good · public pretender · public walk · public object objectum · public access · public history · public health · public life · public hearing · public school · public information officer · public utility · public policy · public safety announcement · public prosecutor · online public access catalog · public knowledge · public transit
Relateds
publication · population · people · publicity · republic · publish · publicise · publicize · pub · publican · publicist
Translations (258)
ru публи́чный (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ur عَوامی (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ka საჯარო (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · be грама́дзкі (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · bg общодостъ́пен (able to be known or seen by everyone) · sv statlig (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ka საჯარო (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · de öffentlich (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ar عَلَنِيّ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fa-ira عُمومی (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · th สาธารณชน (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az açıq (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · br foran (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · pl publiczny (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · uz jamoat (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el κοινός (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he צִבּוּרִי (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · zza degme (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · mi marake (able to be known or seen by everyone) · tg ҷамъиятӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ug جامائەت (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hi सार्वजनिक (able to be known or seen by everyone) · hu nyilvános (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ur پَبْلِک (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ba асыҡ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ru общедосту́пный (able to be known or seen by everyone) · hy հանրային (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fi pörssi- (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · sh jȃvnī (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · gd poblach (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · km សាធារណៈ (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · id umum (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ga poiblí (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · hu köz- (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fr public (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · hu köz- (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ar عَامّ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ko 공공(公共)의 (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · uk публі́чний (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · tt ачык (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · cs veřejný (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ka საზოგადოებრივი (able to be known or seen by everyone) · he ציבורי (able to be known or seen by everyone) · nl publiek (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · id umum (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · yue 公共 (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ru публи́чный (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · fi julkinen (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ar عُمُومِيّ (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ro public (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sl javen (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · la publicus (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · th มหาชน (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · oc public (able to be known or seen by everyone) · kk қоғамдық (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he ציבורי (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · be грама́дзкі (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · bg обще́ствен (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · hy հասարակական (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · uk публі́чний (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · es público (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · fr public (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ru откры́тый (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · az dövlət (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · pl publiczny (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · fi yleinen (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · grc δημόσιος (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · mk јавен (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fi yleistä etua ajava (seeking to further the best interests or well-being of the community or nation) · nl publiek (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · mk јавен (able to be known or seen by everyone) · sk verejný (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · sh ја̑внӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ru обще́ственный (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ka საზოგადოებრივი (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hi सार्वजनिक (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ur اِجْتِماعی (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az ellik (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · es público (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · nl overheids- (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · cs veřejný (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · fi julkinen ((object-oriented programming) of an object: accessible to the program in general, not only to a class or subclass) · fi julkinen (able to be known or seen by everyone) · uk публі́чний (able to be known or seen by everyone) · it pubblico (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · da offentlig (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · pt estatal (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · be публі́чны (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ru обще́ственный (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · hu nyilvános (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sk verejný (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · la publicus (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · fr public (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ca públic (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ka საყოველთაო (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · be грама́дскі (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · es público (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sv allmän (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ko 상장(上場)의 (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · tg иҷтимоӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · sh ја̑внӣ (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sk verejný (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · mi tūmatanui (able to be known or seen by everyone) · gl público (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · nl openbaar (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hi सार्वजनिक (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · bg публи́чен (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sh jȃvnī (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · mk јавен (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ms awam (able to be known or seen by everyone) · mi mārakerake (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ro public (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · id terbuka (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · vi công cộng (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ga poiblí (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · uk грома́дський (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · nrf publyi (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ar عُمُومِيّ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el δημόσιος (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · sv offentlig (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · as ৰাইজ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az ümumi (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · id umum (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ga poiblí (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · hu köz- (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he צִבּוּרִי (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · eo publika (able to be known or seen by everyone) · nl staats- (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · th ประชาชน (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · bg обще́ствен (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · uk грома́дський (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · gu જાહેર (able to be known or seen by everyone) · la publicus (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · nb offentlig (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · gd poblach (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · fa-ira اِجْتِماعی (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · rif iwdan (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ja 公共 (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · tg умумӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fa-ira عُمومی (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ka საჯარო (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · nb allmenn (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · fi julkinen (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · gl público (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el κοινο- (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · az ictimai (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el δημόσιος (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · be грама́дзкі (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · th สาธารณะ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ba халыҡ өсөн асыҡ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · sq publik (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · eo publika (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ru обще́ственный (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · gl público (able to be known or seen by everyone) · km សាធារណៈ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · cs veřejný (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · de öffentlich (able to be known or seen by everyone) · tl pangmadla (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · mi tūmatanui (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · te బాహాటము (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · fr public (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ja 公衆の (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el δημόσιος (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · tg ҷамоатӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · el κοινός (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · tl pangmadla (able to be known or seen by everyone) · eo publika (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · te ప్రజా (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · tl pangmadla (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · vi công cộng (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · pt público (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ur عُمُومی (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ar عُمُومِيّ (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · lo ສາທາລະນະ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · fa-ira عَوامی (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he ציבורי (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hi सार्वजनिक (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · cmn 公共 (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · bg публи́чен (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · he ציבורי (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · pl publiczny (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · lo ສາທາລະນະ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ky коомдук (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · it pubblico (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · be грама́дскі (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · be грама́дскі (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · ky коомдук (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · it pubblico (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · th สาธารณะ (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · sl javen (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · grc δημόσιος (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · mi tūmatanui (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sh ја̑внӣ (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · te ప్రభుత్వ నిధి (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · he צִבּוּרִי (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · pt público (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · nb offentlig (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · nl openbaar (able to be known or seen by everyone) · sh jȃvnī (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · lo ມະຫາຊົນ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az ictimai (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he צִבּוּרִי (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · fi kaikille avoin (open or pertaining to the whole university, as opposed to a constituent college or an individual staff member or student) · te వేలం (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · ru обще́ственный (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · nap prubbeco (able to be known or seen by everyone) · sh ја̑внӣ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · km សាធារណៈ (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sh jȃvnī (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ur عُمُومی (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · el δημόσιος (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ka სახელმწიფო (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · az ictimai (able to be known or seen by everyone) · fi julkisoikeudellinen (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · hi जनता (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hu nyilvános (able to be known or seen by everyone) · bg публи́чен (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · tg ҷамъиятӣ (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · zza sariye (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · sv offentlig (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · mk јавен (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · zza deg (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az ümumi (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · zza sarvani (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · uk грома́дський (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · bg обще́ствен (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · he ציבורי (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · is opinber (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · tg оммавӣ (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · hu közösségi (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ko 공중(公衆)의 (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · zza dewlet (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · bg пу́бличен (able to be known or seen by everyone) · mk публичен (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · grc δημόσιος (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · az ellik (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · de öffentlich (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · es público (able to be known or seen by everyone) · he צִבּוּרִי (able to be known or seen by everyone) · km សាធារណៈ (able to be known or seen by everyone) · be публі́чны (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · ka საყოველთაო (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · my အများပိုင် (of a company: having shares of stock traded publicly) · ba асыҡ (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · kk қоғамдық (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · sl javen (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · nl openbaar (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · tl pangmadla (officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community) · ro public (able to be known or seen by everyone) · ca públic (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · pt público (open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it) · fi julkinen (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · zza xelq (able to be known or seen by everyone) · yue 公共 (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · pt público (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · mi o te katoa (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · cmn 公共 (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people) · da offentlig (pertaining to people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people)