phoneme en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- (US) audio
- /ˈfəʊ.niːm/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /ˈfoʊ.nim/ (General-American)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”), from φωνέω (phōnéō, “to sound”), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). By surface analysis, phone (“speech sound”) + -eme (“unit”).
Meanings
-
An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.
It is crucial for the phoneme structure of Finnish — traditionally /d/ has not been included in the Finnish phonotax, but it fulfils the criteria of a phoneme (Karlsson, 1983: 66-7).
1990, Jarmo Lainio, “Sweden Finnish — development or deterioration?”, in Durk Gorter, editor, Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages: Western and Eastern European papers, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 31:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| phonemes | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
phonemically · phonemicist · phonemic · diaphoneme · phonemehood · morphophoneme · subphoneme · phonemical · grapheme-phoneme correspondence · archiphoneme · phonemal · phonemics · phonemicity · metaphoneme · phonematic
Hypernyms
Relateds
chroneme · diaphonological · listeme · phonically · morpheme · sememe · allophonical · chereme · phonetics · allophone · phonical · phonics · allophonics · phonetical · phono- · lexeme · diaphonic · diaphonologically · -phone · diaphonically · grapheme · grapheme-to-phoneme · toneme · phonetic · diaphone · diaphonical · phonic · diaphonics · diaphonologic · phonological · diaphonology · phonologically · phonologic · lemma · phone · allophonically · phonetically · phonology · allophonic · phonologist · grammeme
Translations (83)
sl fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · gl fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · fi foneemi (indivisible unit of sound) · es fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · la phōnēma (indivisible unit of sound) · lv fonēma (indivisible unit of sound) · el φώνημα (indivisible unit of sound) · ms warna bunyi (indivisible unit of sound) · hu fonéma (indivisible unit of sound) · ko 표음 (indivisible unit of sound) · sh фоне́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · mn авиалбар (indivisible unit of sound) · ms fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · yi פֿאָנעם (indivisible unit of sound) · io fonemo (indivisible unit of sound) · km សទ្ទភូត (indivisible unit of sound) · ia phonema (indivisible unit of sound) · bo མ་སྒྲ (indivisible unit of sound) · km សទ្ទតា (indivisible unit of sound) · cmn 音素 (indivisible unit of sound) · sw fonimu (indivisible unit of sound) · br soniad (indivisible unit of sound) · nl foneem (indivisible unit of sound) · cs foném (indivisible unit of sound) · lt fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · sh fònēm (indivisible unit of sound) · sh фо̀не̄м (indivisible unit of sound) · nan-hbl 音素 (indivisible unit of sound) · sh fonéma (indivisible unit of sound) · mi oromotu (indivisible unit of sound) · ka ბგერა (indivisible unit of sound) · kn ಧ್ವನಿಮಾ (indivisible unit of sound) · ceb ponema (indivisible unit of sound) · scn funima (indivisible unit of sound) · ast fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · th หน่วยเสียง (indivisible unit of sound) · ar فُونِيم (indivisible unit of sound) · ro fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · pl fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · uk фоне́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · mr ध्वनिघटक (indivisible unit of sound) · ru фоне́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · ko 음소 (indivisible unit of sound) · be фанэ́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · it fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · ar صَوْت لُغَوِيّ (indivisible unit of sound) · gu ધ્વનિઘટક (indivisible unit of sound) · sk fonéma (indivisible unit of sound) · gv myn-heean (indivisible unit of sound) · sq fonemë (indivisible unit of sound) · ca fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · mn ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ (indivisible unit of sound) · fa واج (indivisible unit of sound) · oc fonèma (indivisible unit of sound) · wa oyon (indivisible unit of sound) · ko 낱소리 (indivisible unit of sound) · hy հնչույթ (indivisible unit of sound) · et foneem (indivisible unit of sound) · de Phonem (indivisible unit of sound) · da fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · kmr vac (indivisible unit of sound) · hsb fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · eo fonemo (indivisible unit of sound) · tr sesbirim (indivisible unit of sound) · mn фонем (indivisible unit of sound) · sd وايوم (indivisible unit of sound) · ja 音素 (indivisible unit of sound) · sl glásnik (indivisible unit of sound) · vi âm vị (indivisible unit of sound) · yue 音位 (indivisible unit of sound) · fr phonème (indivisible unit of sound) · dsb fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · ta ஒலியன் (indivisible unit of sound) · sv fonem (indivisible unit of sound) · bg фоне́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · hi स्वनिम (indivisible unit of sound) · pt fonema (indivisible unit of sound) · cmn 音位 (indivisible unit of sound) · yue 音素 (indivisible unit of sound) · be фане́ма (indivisible unit of sound) · tl multinig (indivisible unit of sound) · is hljóðan (indivisible unit of sound) · mn ᠹᠣᠨᠧᠮ (indivisible unit of sound)