perfume en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /ˈpɝfjuːm/
- /pɚˈfjuːm/ (US)
- pər-fyoo͞m' (US)
- (US) audio
- /ˈpɝfjuːm/ (US)
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French parfum, perfum. Doublet of parfum.
Meanings
-
(countable, uncountable) A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor.
Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:Among the Turks, an exciting compound consists of olibanum, myrrh, camphor, musk, in pulverized form. The resultant perfume is said to affect the genitals.
1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 168:
-
(countable, qualifier:perfumery, uncountable) A substance created to provide a pleasant smell or one which emits an agreeable odor.
The perfume industry is facing a major problem: maintaining constant levels of quality is crucial, but it is increasingly difficult to obtain a regular supply of all the necessary natural ingredients.
2014 March 7, Nicole Vulser, “Perfume manufacturers must cope with the scarcity of precious supplies”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 13, page 30:The market for prestige perfumes is pretty much restricted to what industry economists call “gotrocks ladies”—women in households with annual incomes over $40,000 and who are over forty but still young enough to have a sense of smell (Elizabeth Taylor, for instance).
1987 October, Timothy Kalich, “Marketing: What's in a Smell?”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:She bought a perfume at the airport.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| perfumes | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
perfumelike · perfumy · perfumer · beperfumed · perfumery · acoustic perfume · Arizona perfume · perfumed · unperfumed · perfumeless · perfume ball · perfumey · perfumier
Relateds
Synonyms
scent · fragrance · scent · fragrance · parfum · aroma
Translations (263)
sq hosi (pleasant smell) · gl perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cs voňavka (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tg атр (pleasant smell) · ko 향기 (pleasant smell) · hak 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ang wyrtġemang (substance providing a pleasant smell) · uk арома́т (pleasant smell) · sw marashi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ar شَذًا (pleasant smell) · hu illat (pleasant smell) · fa-ira عَطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · mn анхилга (pleasant smell) · nl aroma (pleasant smell) · et lõhnaõli (pleasant smell) · vi mùi thơm (pleasant smell) · sq parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lo ສຸຄົນ (pleasant smell) · gl perfume (pleasant smell) · yi פּאַרפֿום (substance providing a pleasant smell) · da duft (pleasant smell) · is ilmur (pleasant smell) · aii ܥܸܛܪܵܐ (pleasant smell) · prs عَطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ar عَبِير (pleasant smell) · nb aroma (pleasant smell) · sk vôňa (pleasant smell) · sk voňavka (substance providing a pleasant smell) · yue 芬芳 (pleasant smell) · mk аро́ма (pleasant smell) · cdo 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · jra ia kluñ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sq kadis (pleasant smell) · hu parfüm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 芳味 (pleasant smell) · hi अतर (pleasant smell) · arz برفانات (substance providing a pleasant smell) · nv tó łikání halchiní (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ur عِطْر (pleasant smell) · bn খোশবু (pleasant smell) · sv doft (pleasant smell) · la hēdycrum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · be парфу́ма (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ky духи (substance providing a pleasant smell) · be пах (pleasant smell) · pl aromat (pleasant smell) · bg благоуха́ние (pleasant smell) · fi parfyymi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 芳澤 /芳泽 (pleasant smell) · nl parfum (pleasant smell) · yue 香味 (pleasant smell) · ur خوشْبُو (substance providing a pleasant smell) · de Duft (pleasant smell) · grc εὐωδία (pleasant smell) · kmr perfûm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · uk духи́ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · bn সুগন্ধ (pleasant smell) · ky атыр (pleasant smell) · ko 향수 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · grc μύρον (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ms minyak wangi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hi इत्र (pleasant smell) · fr fragrance (pleasant smell) · be арама́т (pleasant smell) · uk парфу́м (substance providing a pleasant smell) · alt јакшы јыт (pleasant smell) · cmn 芬芳 (pleasant smell) · nl parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ar عِطْر (pleasant smell) · alt јараш јыт (pleasant smell) · az gözəl qoxu (pleasant smell) · za raemxhom (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ur عَطْر (pleasant smell) · hi सुगंध (pleasant smell) · aii ܗܹܪܘܿܡܵܐ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ro parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sl parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · pt perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lb Geroch (pleasant smell) · ar أَرِيج (substance providing a pleasant smell) · uk духмя́ність (pleasant smell) · fi hajuvesi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tr rayiha (pleasant smell) · id wangi (pleasant smell) · mi kakara (pleasant smell) · uz duxi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cy peraroglau (substance providing a pleasant smell) · et lõhnaõli (substance providing a pleasant smell) · bn সুগন্ধি (substance providing a pleasant smell) · be духі́ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · km ទឹកអប់ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · la odor (pleasant smell) · tk atyr (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tr ıtır (pleasant smell) · et parfüüm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ka სუნამო (pleasant smell) · ar عِطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · uz xushboʻy (pleasant smell) · pt perfume (pleasant smell) · lo ຄັນທະ (pleasant smell) · ar أَرِيج (pleasant smell) · wuu 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · fa-ira عَطْر (pleasant smell) · mk мирис (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sk vôňa (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ur خوشْبُو (pleasant smell) · lt kvepalai (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lv parfīms (substance providing a pleasant smell) · aii ܥܸܛܪܵܐ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ar شَذًا (substance providing a pleasant smell) · my အမွှေး (pleasant smell) · be духмя́насць (pleasant smell) · ajp عطر (pleasant smell) · de Parfüm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · kmr parfûm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hu illatszer (substance providing a pleasant smell) · uk па́хощі (pleasant smell) · hy բույր (pleasant smell) · ur عِطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tr parfüm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tg хушбӯй (pleasant smell) · hak 香氣 /香气 (pleasant smell) · nan-hbl 芳味 (pleasant smell) · ro parfum (pleasant smell) · nb parfyme (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ja 香り (pleasant smell) · cmn 香氣 /香气 (pleasant smell) · vi nước thơm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · be во́дар (pleasant smell) · fa-ira خوشْبوی (pleasant smell) · fr parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · fi hajuste (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ja 香気 (pleasant smell) · la unguentum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ja 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · mi hinu kakara (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cs vůně (pleasant smell) · sh aróma (pleasant smell) · sv parfym (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lt kvepėjimas (pleasant smell) · sh аро́ма (pleasant smell) · ru духи́ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sh pàrfēm (substance providing a pleasant smell) · az ətir (substance providing a pleasant smell) · mrw randag (substance providing a pleasant smell) · aii ܪܹܝܚܵܐ ܗܲܢܝܼܐܵܐ (pleasant smell) · srn switismeri (pleasant smell) · nb duft (pleasant smell) · mt fwieħa (pleasant smell) · fi hajuaine (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ga cumhrán (substance providing a pleasant smell) · yue 香氣 /香气 (pleasant smell) · nan-hbl 芳氣 /芳气 (pleasant smell) · th น้ำหอม (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ka არომატი (pleasant smell) · uz atir (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lt aromatas (pleasant smell) · tg атр (substance providing a pleasant smell) · el ευωδιά (pleasant smell) · bcl pahamot (substance providing a pleasant smell) · is ilmvatn (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tl pabango (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sl vonjava (pleasant smell) · eo parfumo (substance providing a pleasant smell) · my ရနံ့ (pleasant smell) · kk әтір (substance providing a pleasant smell) · km គន្ធរស (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ms wangian (pleasant smell) · id semerbak (pleasant smell) · hy բուրմունք (pleasant smell) · lo ຄັນຫາ (pleasant smell) · mk парфе́м (substance providing a pleasant smell) · es aroma (pleasant smell) · aii ܪܹܝܚܵܐ ܗܲܢܝܼܐܵܐ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · pl perfumy (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 香味 (pleasant smell) · tpi sanda (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lb Parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lb Doft (pleasant smell) · pt cheiro (pleasant smell) · lo ນ້ຳອົບ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hi परिमल (pleasant smell) · fa-ira عِطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ug ئەتىر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · vi hương thơm (pleasant smell) · pl woń (pleasant smell) · ky атыр (substance providing a pleasant smell) · prs عِطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lv aromāts (pleasant smell) · km គន្ធ (pleasant smell) · hak 香味 (pleasant smell) · ur عَطْر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · nb godlukt (pleasant smell) · de Duftstoff (substance providing a pleasant smell) · tg хушбӯ (pleasant smell) · bcl mahamot (pleasant smell) · az gözəl iy (pleasant smell) · mn сүрчиг (substance providing a pleasant smell) · fi tuoksu (pleasant smell) · th กลิ่นหอม (pleasant smell) · hi ख़ुशबू (substance providing a pleasant smell) · es perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell) · aii ܗܹܪܘܿܡܵܐ (pleasant smell) · cmn 芳氣 /芳气 (pleasant smell) · sq aromë (pleasant smell) · mdh mamut (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hi ख़ुशबू (pleasant smell) · ms minyak atar (substance providing a pleasant smell) · lv smarža (pleasant smell) · da perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 芬香 (pleasant smell) · zdj marashi (substance providing a pleasant smell) · la costum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ang æþelstenċ (pleasant smell) · ota عطر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · nan-hbl 芳水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · el άρωμα (pleasant smell) · it profumo (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ar شَذًى (pleasant smell) · hy օծանելիք (substance providing a pleasant smell) · vi nước hoa (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ota عطر (pleasant smell) · he בֹּשֶׂם (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hy անուշահոտություն (pleasant smell) · my ရေမွှေး (pleasant smell) · el άρωμα (substance providing a pleasant smell) · sh па̀рфе̄м (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cs parfém (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cop ϣⲟⲟⲩ (substance providing a pleasant smell) · cmn 芬郁 (pleasant smell) · vi hương vị (pleasant smell) · de Parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ang wyrtbrǣþ (pleasant smell) · iba angit (pleasant smell) · alt духи (substance providing a pleasant smell) · yue 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ca perfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · nn parfyme (substance providing a pleasant smell) · pl zapach (pleasant smell) · fa-ira عِطْر (pleasant smell) · ru парфю́м (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ru благоуха́ние (pleasant smell) · ru арома́т (pleasant smell) · arz برفان (substance providing a pleasant smell) · mk мирис (pleasant smell) · ps عطر (substance providing a pleasant smell) · acw عِطِر (pleasant smell) · fa-ira خوشْبو (pleasant smell) · pt fragrância (pleasant smell) · gan 香水 (substance providing a pleasant smell) · it profumo (pleasant smell) · bg парфю́м (substance providing a pleasant smell) · bg арома́т (pleasant smell) · ca perfum (pleasant smell) · tr nefha (pleasant smell) · eo parfumo (pleasant smell) · he בושם (substance providing a pleasant smell) · ka სურნელება (substance providing a pleasant smell) · fr parfum (pleasant smell) · tr burcu (pleasant smell) · id parfum (substance providing a pleasant smell) · hi महक (pleasant smell)