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Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

pepper en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • [ˈpʰɛp.ɹ̩] (Canada, General-American)
  • [ˈpʰɛp.ɚ] (Canada, General-American)
  • (UK) audio
  • /ˈpɛp.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [ˈpʰɛp.ə] (Received-Pronunciation)
  • /ˈpɛp.ɚ/ (Canada, General-American)

Etymology

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”), ultimately from Dravidian; compare Tamil திப்பலி (tippali). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Norwegian Bokmål pepper, Norwegian Nynorsk pepar, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

Meanings

  1. (countable, uncountable) A plant of the family Piperaceae.
  2. (uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.
  3. (Canada, Ireland, UK, US, countable, uncountable) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in a wide range of mild (sweet, nonspicy) to hot (spicy) varieties.
  4. (countable, uncountable) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again
    • Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".
  5. (countable, uncountable) A randomly-generated value that is added to another value (such as a password) prior to hashing. Unlike a salt, a new one is generated for each value and it is held separately from the value.
  6. (countable, slang, uncountable) A beating; a thrashing.
    • He means to snatch the laurels from his brow, / At all his boasted pluck and prowess smile, / And give him pepper in superior style. 1906, Henry Downes Miles, Pugilistica, page 61:
    • [T]he Chicken had been tapped, and bunged, and had received pepper, and had been made groggy, and had come up piping, and had endured a complication of similar strange inconveniences, until he had been gone into and finished. 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:
  7. (Multicultural-London-English, countable, slang, uncountable) A shotgun.
    • Chew beef like breakfast (Yum) Two shanks, get 'round in seconds (Two) Be feeding my area, peppers 2017 January 17, “Kennington Where It Started”, Biz of Harlem Spartans (lyrics), 0:28:
    • Number plates already hot, and plus we've got like three peppers 2023 June 18, “100mph Freestyle x3”, Clavish (lyrics), 3:24:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
peppers Number=Plur lexicographic
piper alternative, archaic lexicographic

Deriveds

pepper and salt · monk's pepper · salt-and-pepper noise · water pepper · malagueta pepper · pepperberry · serrano pepper · peppermint · overpepper · peppertini · pepper-and-salt · pepper dulse · pepper-gingerbread · chilli pepper · Pepper X · pepper mill · pepperwort · pepper grinder · tabasco pepper · red pepper · jalapeño pepper · Brazilian pepper tree · pepperita · ghost pepper · black pepper snake · lemon pepper · wallpepper · peppergrass · Java pepper · pepper ball · peter pepper · sport pepper · Culpepper · betel pepper · pepper Jack · pepperish · pepperpot · pepper cake · white pepper · salt and pepper · pepper nut · ghost chili pepper · Sichuan pepper · Jamaica pepper · pepperwood · salt-and-pepper · pepper disease · chili pepper · Szechuan pepper · pepper pot · pepper steak · Ashanti pepper · peppercorn · yellow pepper · salt and pepper chips · cayenne pepper · old man's pepper · bird pepper · pepperade · pepper tree · mignonette pepper · pepper gas · California pepper tree · pepper shaker · pepperlike · peppadew · bell pepper · topepo · black pepper · pepperer · peppery · pepper spray · Spanish pepper · conic pepper · pepper-spray · bepepper · pepper gel · cherry pepper · peppermill · Espelette pepper · pepperbox · tailed pepper · pepper sauce · pepper vine · salt-and-pepper doris · pepper-gas · Scotch bonnet pepper · rattan pepper · cone pepper · banana pepper · Guinea pepper · green pepper · conical pepper · hot pepper · pepperbush · poor man's pepper · pepperette · alligator pepper · sweet pepper · pepperless · pepper roulette · pepper squash · pepper jelly · pepper-shinned loon · peppernut · peppershaker · pepper weevil · chile pepper · peppershrike · pepper-pot · peppering

Descendants

pepa · pepa · pepa

Synonyms

capsicum

Translations (345)

my ငရုတ်ကောင်း (spice) · ssf makámun (spice) · ja 胡椒 (plant) · haw pepa (spice) · os цывзы (spice) · aqc пилпил (spice) · sv pepparväxt (plant) · ast pimentera (plant) · mg dipoavatra (spice) · ba борос (spice) · fo pipar (spice) · sa मरीचम् (spice) · gv pibbyr (spice) · crh biber (spice) · he פִּלְפֵּל (fruit of the capsicum) · wo kaani (fruit of the capsicum) · kw puber (spice) · sh па̏пар (plant) · nrf paîvre (spice) · tli si.áax'u at (spice) · tt борыч (spice) · lo ພິກໄທ (spice) · bg пипе́р (spice) · he פִּלְפֶּלֶת (plant) · tk burc (plant) · id lada (plant) · ast pimientu (spice) · za lwgmanh (spice) · gd piobar (spice) · es chile (fruit of the capsicum) · sh па̀прика (fruit of the capsicum) · grc πέπερι (spice) · te మిరియము (spice) · ak moko (spice) · cop ⲁⲗⲃⲟⲩⲗⲃⲟⲩⲗ (plant) · th พริกไทย (spice) · cop ⲁⲗⲃⲟⲩⲗⲃⲟⲩⲗ (spice) · ba борос (fruit of the capsicum) · nl chilipeper (fruit of the capsicum) · sn mhiripiri (plant) · ms lada (spice) · sah биэрэс (spice) · hu paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · ro ardei (fruit of the capsicum) · mk пиперка (fruit of the capsicum) · vi tiêu (spice) · it peperone (fruit of the capsicum) · tk burc (spice) · ml കുരുമുളക് (spice) · he פִּלְפֵּל (plant) · sc pibere (spice) · tr paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · ja 胡椒 (spice) · qu piminta (spice) · ka წიწაკა (fruit of the capsicum) · fa-ira مَرِچ (spice) · ca pebrot (fruit of the capsicum) · ba борос (plant) · pl papryka (fruit of the capsicum) · ang pipor (plant) · kn ಕರಿಮೆಣಸು (spice) · myv порцька (plant) · fi paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · rup piper (spice) · oc pebre (spice) · ga piobar (spice) · ur مِرْچ (plant) · de Pfeffer (spice) · mk бибер (plant) · sc pipere (spice) · fa-ira فِلْفِل (fruit of the capsicum) · el πιπέρι (spice) · am በርበሬ (spice) · tr biber (fruit of the capsicum) · fi chilipippuri (fruit of the capsicum) · esu piilitsaaq (spice) · sw pilipili manga (spice) · cmn 菜椒 (fruit of the capsicum) · de Pfeffer (plant) · be пе́рац (spice) · ga piobar (fruit of the capsicum) · hy բիբար (plant) · ang piper (spice) · id merica (spice) · fr poivre (spice) · az bibər (plant) · yue 胡椒 (spice) · cop ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲣ (plant) · ur مِرْچ (spice) · fi pippuri (plant) · crs piman (fruit of the capsicum) · es pimienta (spice) · tl paminta (plant) · mn чинжүү (fruit of the capsicum) · sv chilipeppar (fruit of the capsicum) · ht piman (spice) · et pipar (spice) · lo ພິກໄທ (plant) · pyu naná (spice) · hy պղպեղ (spice) · hy պղպեղ (plant) · srn pepre (spice) · ru чёрный пе́рец (spice) · nl peper (spice) · ary بزار (spice) · bg пипе́р (plant) · grc πέπερι (plant) · uz qalampir (plant) · sl poper (spice) · kw pubren (fruit of the capsicum) · uz qalampir (fruit of the capsicum) · et paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · fr piment (fruit of the capsicum) · lmo pevre (spice) · ce бурч (spice) · da chili (fruit of the capsicum) · crh biber (fruit of the capsicum) · he פִּלְפֶּלֶת (fruit of the capsicum) · sh pàprika (fruit of the capsicum) · mk бибер (spice) · gl pemento (fruit of the capsicum) · prs مُرْچ (spice) · kk бұрыш (spice) · la capsicum (fruit of the capsicum) · bal مرچ (plant) · chr ᏗᏆᏲᏙᏗ (spice) · io pipro (spice) · ota ببر (spice) · hy բիբար (fruit of the capsicum) · sh pȁpar (plant) · arz فلفل (spice) · ofs piper (spice) · pl papryka ostra (fruit of the capsicum) · uz bolgarskiy (fruit of the capsicum) · cop ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲣ (spice) · lmo pever (spice) · eo papriko (fruit of the capsicum) · ka პილპილი (spice) · pt pimenteiro (plant) · prs فِلْفِل (spice) · uk пе́рець (spice) · ota ببر (plant) · ru пе́рец (plant) · es pimiento (fruit of the capsicum) · cy bupur (spice) · nb pepper (spice) · hi मिर्च (spice) · arz فلفل حراق (plant) · nv azeedíchʼííʼ (fruit of the capsicum) · av пилпил (spice) · hak 胡椒 (spice) · fur pevar (spice) · te మిరపకాయ (fruit of the capsicum) · rm peiver (spice) · de Paprikaschote (fruit of the capsicum) · pl pieprz (plant) · ka პილპილი (fruit of the capsicum) · pt pimenta (plant) · af peper (spice) · nah chīlli (fruit of the capsicum) · ru пе́рец (spice) · sh bìber (spice) · id lada (fruit of the capsicum) · chr ᏗᏆᏲᏙᏗ (plant) · vo pep (spice) · it peperoncino (fruit of the capsicum) · hy տաքդեղ (plant) · tpi pepa (fruit of the capsicum) · pt pimento (fruit of the capsicum) · tqw mummunchicew (spice) · fr poivron (fruit of the capsicum) · nds Peper (spice) · fi chili (fruit of the capsicum) · lad pimienton (fruit of the capsicum) · eo piprujo (plant) · ang piper (plant) · mn перц (spice) · rm pever (spice) · yo ata (spice) · mi pepa (spice) · su pedes (spice) · bal پلپل (spice) · pt pimenta (spice) · cv пӑрӑҫ (spice) · jv mrica (spice) · ka წიწაკა (spice) · izh pertsu (plant) · fa-ira فِلْفِل (spice) · ckb بیبەر (fruit of the capsicum) · de Chili (fruit of the capsicum) · wa poeve (spice) · az bibər (spice) · he פלפל שחור (spice) · hu bors (plant) · tr biber (spice) · kaw marica (spice) · lt piparas (spice) · as জলকীয়া গছ (plant) · id lada (spice) · dsb per (spice) · vi tiêu (plant) · hy տաքդեղ (spice) · bg чу́шка (fruit of the capsicum) · az bibər (fruit of the capsicum) · cu пьпьрь (spice) · ti በርበረ (spice) · is pipar (fruit of the capsicum) · fy piper (spice) · ps مرچ (spice) · sn mhiripiri (spice) · nrf piment (fruit of the capsicum) · tay mlúh (spice) · jam peppa (spice) · hsb popjeŕ (spice) · it pepe (spice) · nv azeedíchʼííʼ łibáhígíí (spice) · cmn 胡椒 (spice) · el πιπεριά (plant) · sc pibiri (spice) · rm paiver (spice) · sq piper (spice) · he פִּלְפֵּל (spice) · sw pilipili hoho (fruit of the capsicum) · bal مرچ (spice) · de Pfefferstrauch (plant) · tr biber (plant) · sk korenie (spice) · myp xigagí (spice) · ar فُلْفُل (plant) · lv pipars (plant) · is pipar (spice) · ka წიწაკა (plant) · pl pieprz (spice) · dlm pepro (spice) · ro piper (spice) · pl chili (fruit of the capsicum) · sk piepor (spice) · gl pimenta (spice) · frr pöber (spice) · se bihppor (spice) · orv пьпьрь (spice) · ky калемпир (fruit of the capsicum) · prs فِلْفِل (plant) · chr ᏗᏆᏲᏙᏗ (fruit of the capsicum) · wa poevrî (plant) · es pimentero (plant) · bal پلپل (plant) · ga piobar (plant) · uz murch (spice) · mt bżar (spice) · nah chilli (fruit of the capsicum) · el πιπεριά (fruit of the capsicum) · th พริกหยวก (fruit of the capsicum) · la piper (spice) · sv paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · uz qalampir (spice) · crh biber (plant) · khb ᦘᦲᧅ (spice) · sw mpilipili (plant) · kn ಮೆಣಸು (spice) · lv pipari (spice) · hy պղպեղ (fruit of the capsicum) · ko 고추 (spice) · mhn pever (spice) · he פִּלְפֵּל שָׁחֹר (spice) · zu upelepele (spice) · pwn mácam (spice) · mk црн пипер (spice) · mk црн пипер (plant) · ckv mǝnnə́t (spice) · hak 番椒 (fruit of the capsicum) · dsb peṕeŕ (spice) · lb Peffer (spice) · la piper (plant) · bn মরিচ (spice) · pt pimentão (fruit of the capsicum) · ary إبزار (spice) · ko 후추 (spice) · io pipro (plant) · ta மிளகு (spice) · lad pipirushka (fruit of the capsicum) · cmn 胡椒 (plant) · eu piperra (spice) · ca pebre (spice) · hu bors (spice) · ak mako (spice) · hak 馦椒 (fruit of the capsicum) · it peperone (plant) · cs pepř (spice) · sh pȁpar (spice) · hi मिर्च (fruit of the capsicum) · ln pilipilí (spice) · tg мурч (spice) · izh pertsu (spice) · da peber (spice) · hy տաքդեղ (fruit of the capsicum) · et pipar (plant) · ar فِلْفِل (spice) · de Paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · ru пе́рец (fruit of the capsicum) · ar فُلْفُل (spice) · es ají (fruit of the capsicum) · sh па̏пар (spice) · vec pévaro (spice) · orv перець (spice) · scn pipi (spice) · eo pipro (spice) · tpi pepa (spice) · mfe dipwav (spice) · km ម្រេច (spice) · tr karabiber (spice) · gl pemento (plant) · yue 胡椒 (plant) · hi मिर्च (plant) · as জলকীয়া (spice) · ca pebrer (plant) · hrx Peffer (spice) · xh ikhanakhana (fruit of the capsicum) · sv peppar (spice) · fr poivrier (plant) · hy բիբար (spice) · haw nīoi (fruit of the capsicum) · ro piper (plant) · ms lada (fruit of the capsicum) · ovd pipär (spice) · eo piproarbedo (plant) · zu upelepele (plant) · ang pipor (spice) · fi pippuri (spice) · tg филфил (spice) · os бырц (spice) · cy pupur (spice) · sh бѝбер (spice) · prs مُرْچ (plant) · fa-ira فِلْفِل (plant) · ug مۇچ (spice) · sl paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · ar فِلْفِل (plant) · yi פֿעפֿער (spice) · kl qasilitsut (spice) · ky мурч (spice) · dv އަސޭމިރުސް (spice) · da paprika (fruit of the capsicum) · kmr filfil (spice) · yue 胡椒粉 (spice)

pepper en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • [ˈpʰɛp.ɹ̩] (Canada, General-American)
  • [ˈpʰɛp.ɚ] (Canada, General-American)
  • (UK) audio
  • /ˈpɛp.ə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
  • [ˈpʰɛp.ə] (Received-Pronunciation)
  • /ˈpɛp.ɚ/ (Canada, General-American)

Etymology

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”), ultimately from Dravidian; compare Tamil திப்பலி (tippali). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Norwegian Bokmål pepper, Norwegian Nynorsk pepar, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

Meanings

  1. (transitive) To add pepper to.
  2. (transitive) To strike with something made up of small particles.
  3. (transitive) To cover with lots of (something made up of small things).
    • After the hailstorm, the beach was peppered with holes.
  4. (transitive) To add (something) at frequent intervals.
    • He liked to pepper long words throughout his conversation.
  5. (slang, transitive) To beat or thrash.
    • Rom. Courage man, the hurt cannot be much. Mer. No: 'tis not ſo deepe as a well, nor ſo wide as a Church doore, but 'tis inough, 'twill ſerue : aske for me to morrow, and you ſhall find me a graue man. I am pepper'd I warrant, for this world: a plague a both your houſes. c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 64, column 2:
  6. To use a pepper (type of value used prior to hashing).
  7. (Multicultural-London-English, slang, transitive) To shoot (upon) with the dotty.
  8. (slang, transitive) To write accents or disambiguating marks in script.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
piper alternative, archaic lexicographic
peppered Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
peppered Tense=Past lexicographic
peppers Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
peppering Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic

Deriveds

pepper up

Relateds

salt

Translations (38)

ru перчи́ть (add pepper to) · fr poivrer (add pepper to) · hy համեմել (add at frequent intervals) · wa poevrer (add pepper to) · hy պղպեղ ավելացնել (add pepper to) · rsk попровац (add pepper to) · pt salpicar (strike with small particles) · is pipra (add pepper to) · sk okoreniť (add pepper to) · da pebre (add pepper to) · sv peppra (strike with small particles) · pt apimentar (add pepper to) · lb pefferen (add pepper to) · fi pippuroida (add pepper to) · fr recouvrir (cover with lots of small things) · hy պղպեղել (add pepper to) · fi höystää (add at frequent intervals) · hu borsoz (add pepper to) · fi suolata (strike with small particles) · de pfeffern (add pepper to) · pl pieprzyć (add pepper to) · sv peppra (add pepper to) · sl popoprati (add pepper to) · bg поръсвам (strike with small particles) · fr assaisonner de poivre (add pepper to) · el πιπερώνω (add pepper to) · it pepare (add pepper to) · sv peppra (add at frequent intervals) · sk koreniť (add pepper to) · fr ponctuer (add at frequent intervals) · pt salpicar (cover with lots of small things) · ro pipera (add pepper to) · it condire con pepe (add pepper to) · es acribillar (strike with small particles) · mk забиберува (add pepper to) · kw pubra (add pepper to) · ru поперчи́ть (add pepper to) · tr biberlemek (add pepper to)