orthogonal en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /ɔɹˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ (Canada, dialectal) of the US
- [oːˈθɔ̟ɡ.ə.nəl] (New-Zealand)
- /ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /ɔɹˈθɑ.ɡə.nəl/ (General-American, dialectal) of Canada
- (California) audio
- audio Queensland
- /oːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ (New-Zealand)
- /oːˈθɔɡ.ə.nəl/ (Australia)
Etymology
From Middle French orthogonal, in turn from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis and Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios, “rectangular”). By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al.
Meanings
-
(not-comparable) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal.
-
(not-comparable) Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular.
The normal vector and tangent vector at a given point are orthogonal.
- (not-comparable) Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse.
- (not-comparable) Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles.
- (not-comparable) Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal.
- (not-comparable) Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
- (not-comparable) Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
-
(not-comparable) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.
An orthogonal approach also promotes reuse. If components have specific, well-defined responsibilities, they can be combined with new components in ways that were not envisioned by their original implementors.
1999, Andrew Hunt, David Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 36:The content of the message should be orthogonal to the means of its delivery.
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(not-comparable) Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other.
Even in a geostate, some people are willing to fight and die for their views, but the institutional change to a polystate seems somewhat orthogonal to such issues.
2014 March 22, Rick Weber, “Polystate: Book 2”, in Notes on Liberty:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| orthagonal | alternative | lexicographic |
Antonyms
Deriveds
orthogonal function · orthogonality · orthogonal complement · orthogonals · orthogonally · orthogonal group · orthogonal base · orthogonal transform · orthogonalize · orthogonal matrix
Hyponyms
Relateds
orthonormal · orthogonalization · semiorthogonal
Translations (65)
es ortogonal (mathematical term) · es independiente (software: able to be treated separately) · de orthogonal (mathematical term) · ca ortogonal (mathematical term) · ga ortagánach (software: able to be treated separately) · nn ortogonal (of right angles) · nl orthogonaal (of right angles) · kk ортогоналдық (mathematical term) · fi ortogonaalinen (of right angles) · pl prostopadły (of right angles) · fi riippumaton (software: able to be treated separately) · sv ortogonal (statistically independent) · da ortogonal (of right angles) · fr orthogonal (statistically independent) · hu ortogonális (mathematical term) · sv rätvinklig (of right angles) · pl prostopadły (mathematical term) · ga ortagánach (statistically independent) · fi ortogonaalinen (mathematical term) · cs kolmý (mathematical term) · hu ortogonális (of right angles) · ru ортогона́льный (statistically independent) · nl orthogonaal (mathematical term) · cs pravoúhlý (of right angles) · ru ортогона́льный (of right angles) · cmn 正交的 (mathematical term) · ga ingearach (of right angles) · fr orthogonal (of right angles) · fr indépendant (software: able to be treated separately) · ga ingearach (mathematical term) · it ortogonale (of right angles) · ca ortogonal (of right angles) · kk ортогоналды (mathematical term) · pt ortogonal (of right angles) · ga ingearach (statistically independent) · fr orthogonal (mathematical term) · ga ingearach (software: able to be treated separately) · ka მართკუთხა (mathematical term) · hi लंब कोणीय (of right angles) · ga ortagánach (of right angles) · pt perpendicular (of right angles) · pl niezależny (software: able to be treated separately) · ga ortagánach (mathematical term) · ga dronuilleach (of right angles) · nn ortogonal (mathematical term) · nl loodrecht (of right angles) · nb ortogonal (mathematical term) · hi लांबिक (of right angles) · pl ortogonalny (of right angles) · sv ortogonal (of right angles) · el ορθογώνιος (of right angles) · da vinkelret (of right angles) · de rechtwinklig (of right angles) · pl ortogonalny (statistically independent) · sv ortogonal (mathematical term) · fi tilastollisesti riippumaton (statistically independent) · fi suorakulmainen (of right angles) · sv vinkelrät (of right angles) · ru прямоуго́льный (of right angles) · es ortogonal (of right angles) · de senkrecht (mathematical term) · pl ortogonalny (mathematical term) · bg правоъгълен (of right angles) · ru ортогона́льный (mathematical term) · nb ortogonal (of right angles)