Dictionary

nightmare en · NOUN

Pronunciation

• /ˈnaɪt.mɛə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
• [nʌɪʔ.mɛəɹ] (General-American)
• (US) audio
• /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ (General-American)

Etymology

From Middle English nyghtmare, from Old English *nihtmare, equivalent to night + mare (“evil spirit believed to afflict a sleeping person”). Cognate with Scots nichtmare and nichtmeer, Dutch nachtmerrie, Middle Low German nachtmār, German Nachtmahr.

Meanings

1. A very unpleasant or frightening dream.
   • July 18 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Dark Knight Riseshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-dark-knight-rises-review-batman,82624/ With his crude potato-sack mask and fear-inducing toxins, The Scarecrow, a “psychopharmacologist” at an insane asylum, acts as a conjurer of nightmares, capable of turning his patients’ most terrifying anxieties against them.
   • I had a nightmare that I tried to run but could neither move nor breathe.
2. (figuratively) Any bad, miserable, difficult or terrifying situation or experience that arouses anxiety, terror, agony or great displeasure.
   • Cleaning up after identity theft can be a nightmare of phone calls and letters.
   • If Euston is not typically English, St. Pancras is. Its façade is a nightmare of improbable Gothic. It is fairly plastered with the aesthetic ideals of 1868, and the only beautiful thing about it is Barlow's roof. It is haunted by the stuffier kind of ghost. Yet there is something about the ordered whole of St. Pancras that would make demolition a terrible pity. 1941 August, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The English Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 358:
   • The Red Holocaust is best interpreted in this light as the bitter fruit of an^([sic]) utopian gambit that was socially misengineered into a dystopic nightmare by despots in humanitarian disguise. 2009, Steven Rosefielde, Red Holocaust, page 240:
3. (archaic) A demon or monster, thought to plague people while they slept and cause a feeling of suffocation and terror during sleep.
   • It haunted me, however, more than once, like a night-mare. 1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter II, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 46:
   • They plague and annoy lazy men-servants and untidy maids with frightful dreams; oppress them as the nightmare; bite them as fleas; and scratch and tear them like cats and dogs; and often in the night frighten, in the shape of owls, thieves and lovers, or, like Will-o-the-wisps, lead them astray into bogs and marshes, and perhaps up to those who are in pursuit of them. 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 283:
   • I started, hourly, from dreams of unutterable fear, to find the hot breath of the thing upon my face, and its vast weight—an incarnate Night-Mare that I had no power to shake off—incumbent eternally upon my heart! 1843, Edgar Allan Poe, The Black Cat:
4. (historical) A feeling of extreme anxiety or suffocation experienced during sleep; sleep paralysis.
   • The Night-mare generally ſeizes people ſleeping on their backs, and often begins with frightful dreams, which are ſoon ſucceeded by a difficult reſpiration, a violent oppreſſion on the breaſt, and a total privation of voluntary motion. 1753, John Bond, An Essay on the Incubus, or Night-mare, London: Printed for D. Wilson and T. Durham, at Plato’s Head, in the Strand, page 2:
   • Had been afflicted in the night with that strange complaint called the nightmare. 1792, James Boswell, in Danziger & Brady (eds.), Boswell: The Great Biographer (Journals 1789–1795), Yale 1989, p. 209

Forms

Deriveds

nightmary · out of a nightmare · nightmare fuel · nightmarelike · frightmare · logistical nightmare · midnightmare · nightmarious · flightmare · nightmare disorder · knightmare · nightmarish · daymare · mid-nightmare · nightmareless · morningmare

Synonyms

succubus (demon said to torment sleepers) · night hag (demon said to torment sleepers) · incubus (demon said to torment sleepers)

Translations (241)

cmn 夢魘 /梦魇 (dream) · ia incubo (dream) · pa ਉਥਾਰਾ (dream) · ml പേടിസപ്നം (dream) · vo kojmar (experience) · rm ischier (dream) · io koshmaro (dream) · am ቅዠት (dream) · fr tourment (experience) · haw moehewa (dream) · mk кошмар (dream) · shn ၽၼ်ႁၢႆႉ (dream) · bg кошма́р (dream) · ug قاباھەتلىك چۈش (dream) · kk жаман түс (dream) · gl tardo (demon) · az qara-qura (demon) · af nagmerrie (dream) · sv mara (demon) · es mal sueño (dream) · is hryllingur (experience) · lt košmaras (dream) · si බියකරු සිහිනය (dream) · rm dischöl (dream) · es tormento (experience) · kk қорқынышты түс (dream) · oj zegingwashi (dream) · gl pesadelo (dream) · be кашма́р (dream) · de Albdruck (dream) · fur čhalčhut (dream) · fi painajainen (experience) · km សប្តិអាក្រក់ (dream) · ka კოშმარი (dream) · az qara-qura (dream) · lut səsaʔalitut (dream) · ug كابوس (dream) · lb Alpdram (dream) · ru кошма́р (experience) · th ฝันร้าย (dream) · te నైట్మేర్ (dream) · et õudusunenägu (dream) · hi काबूस (dream) · ja 悪夢 (dream) · no mareritt (dream) · la incubō (dream) · pa ਕਾਬੂਸ (dream) · af nagmerrie (experience) · pa ਹਥਿਆਰਾ (dream) · ro coșmar (experience) · hu rémálom (experience) · rm fulet (dream) · sh noćna mora (dream) · sk nočná mora (dream) · kmr kabûs (experience) · mg ny nofy ratsy (dream) · dv ބިރުވެރި ހުވަފެން (dream) · fi ajajainen (demon) · uk кошма́р (dream) · te నైట్ మేర్ (dream) · ur کابوس (dream) · it incubo (dream) · ht kochma (dream) · tr kâbus (experience) · sh кошмар (dream) · txg 𗭨𘈛 (dream) · fr cauchemar (experience) · lo ຝັນຮ້າຍ (dream) · no mareritt (experience) · es suplicio (experience) · eu amesgaizto (dream) · sv mardröm (dream) · ang nihtmare (demon) · ml പേടിസ്വപ്നം (dream) · eo travivaĉo (experience) · yi קאָשמאַר (dream) · is martröð (dream) · luy liroro libi (dream) · ps بد خوب (dream) · rm derschalet (dream) · kn ದುಃಸ್ವಪ್ನ (dream) · fo marra (dream) · kmr kabûs (dream) · fi mara (demon) · fa کابوس (dream) · sq ankth (dream) · ast velea (dream) · lld trota (dream) · de Nachtmahr (dream) · ms mimpi ngeri (dream) · rm darschalet (dream) · fy nachtmerje (dream) · he סִיּוּט (dream) · is martröð (experience) · gu દુઃસ્વપ્ન (dream) · lld strassomech (dream) · mi moepapa (dream) · de Alptraum (experience) · wa tchôcmwår (dream) · nrf ponserêsse (dream) · cy hunllef (dream) · el εφιάλτης (dream) · sh košmar (dream) · hy մղձավանջ (dream) · jv ngipi elek (dream) · oj giiwanaadingwaam (dream) · az kabus (dream) · it incubo (experience) · ang nihtmare (dream) · hi आल-जंजाल (dream) · eo sonĝaĉo (dream) · pl mara (dream) · la incubus (demon) · gd mearan-cadail (dream) · mi moenanu (dream) · ang ielfādl (dream) · co sonniacciu (dream) · da mareridt (experience) · bo གཉིད་ལམ་འཚུབ་པོ (dream) · af nagvrees (dream) · ne दुःस्वप्न (dream) · grc ἐφιάλτης (dream) · hi दुःस्वप्न (dream) · yi בײַזער חלום (dream) · da mareridt (dream) · acw كابوس (dream) · ky коркунучтуу жаман түш (dream) · de Nachtmahr (experience) · pl koszmar (experience) · fi painajainen (demon) · skr اُتَھارا (dream) · bn দুঃস্বপ্ন (dream) · mt ħolm ħażin (dream) · sv mardröm (experience) · el βραχνάς (demon) · fr cauchemar (dream) · el μόρα (demon) · grc ἐφιάλτης (demon) · oc cachavièlha (dream) · th ฝันร้าย (experience) · az qarabasma (experience) · sd اُٿَاڙو (dream) · ko 악몽 (dream) · la incubus (dream) · pt pesadelo (dream) · kk шатасқан түс (dream) · fy nachtmare (dream) · ium maaix (dream) · ha mafarki mai ban tsoro (dream) · de Albtraum (dream) · tl bangungot (dream) · ro coșmar (dream) · dty बहलो (dream) · pl koszmar (dream) · es pesadilla (experience) · mfe kosmar (dream) · cmn 噩夢 /噩梦 (dream) · arz كابوس (dream) · lv murgi (dream) · pl zmora (dream) · sk nočný motýľ (dream) · et košmaar (dream) · fr mauvais rêve (dream) · rm dischariel (dream) · hy մղձավանջ (experience) · ajp كابوس (dream) · mi kuti (dream) · ar كَابُوس (dream) · ta அமுக்கி (dream) · az kabus (experience) · mn аймшиг (dream) · hu lidérc (demon) · ja 悪夢 (experience) · el εφιάλτης (experience) · ms mimpi buruk (dream) · pl zmora (demon) · de Alptraum (dream) · km ទុសុបិន (dream) · sw jinamizi (experience) · tr korkulu rüya (dream) · gd trom-laighe (dream) · da mare (demon) · es pesadilla (dream) · uz kobus (dream) · pl mara (demon) · hmc npau suav phem (dream) · bn কুস্বপ্ন (dream) · tr karabasan (dream) · it brutto sogno (dream) · yo àlákálàá (dream) · gu ઓથાર (dream) · cs noční můra (experience) · co sugnacciu (dream) · te పీడకల (dream) · sh ноћна мора (dream) · ka მაჯლაჯუნა (dream) · mr दुःस्वप्न (dream) · te అయిన నైట్మేర్ (dream) · sa दुःस्वप्न (dream) · az qarabasma (dream) · pt pesadelo (experience) · ru стра́шный сон (dream) · tr kâbus (dream) · ca malson (dream) · su goreng ngimpina (dream) · cmn 惡夢 /恶梦 (dream) · vi ác mộng (dream) · hi बुरा सपना (dream) · nds Alpdröm (dream) · kmr kabûs (demon) · my ခြောက်အိပ်မက်တခု (dream) · id mimpi buruk (dream) · ga tromluí (dream) · hu lidércnyomás (dream) · hu rémálom (dream) · fi painajainen (dream) · sw jinamizi (dream) · mt ħmar il-lejl (dream) · eo koŝmaro (dream) · bg кошмар (experience) · de Albtraum (experience) · ang mare (demon) · co sunniacciu (dream) · ur کسوپن (dream) · ckb خەوی ناخۆش (dream) · cs noční můra (dream) · kmr dêwê kabûs (demon) · hi कुस्वप्न (dream) · chr ᎠᏟᎩᎠ (dream) · tg кобус (dream) · la incubō (demon) · my အိပ်မက်ဆိုး (dream) · nl nachtmerrie (dream) · eo premsonĝo (dream) · yi נייטמער (dream) · vo kojmar (dream) · mi kuku (dream) · dsb mórawa (dream) · ru кошма́р (dream) · sl nočna mora (dream) · arc ܟܒܘܫܐ (dream)

nightmare en · VERB

Pronunciation

• /ˈnaɪt.mɛə/ (Received-Pronunciation)
• [nʌɪʔ.mɛəɹ] (General-American)
• (US) audio
• /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ (General-American)

Etymology

From Middle English nyghtmare, from Old English *nihtmare, equivalent to night + mare (“evil spirit believed to afflict a sleeping person”). Cognate with Scots nichtmare and nichtmeer, Dutch nachtmerrie, Middle Low German nachtmār, German Nachtmahr.

Meanings

1. (intransitive) To experience a nightmare.
   • He must be imagining that behind the rain of leaves was a dark-haired man sitting in his chair, smiling away. He must be so fed up with himself that he was nightmaring while awake. 2011, Rachel Simon, The Story of Beautiful Girl, Grand Central Publishing, published 2012, →ISBN:
   • Brother Fary of Omaha was nightmaring the rest of the night. 1931, The Sleeping Car Conductor, page 16:
   • Every night, Liesel would nightmare. 2006, Markus Zusak, “The Woman with the Iron Fist”, in The Book Thief, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 36:
   • It’s been 21,900 hours, 912 days, 130 Saturday nights, 30 months, 3 years since October 16, 1988 when I was stunned awake, straddled by a man I did not know. First I think I’m nightmaring. 1998, Andrea Benton Rushing, “Surviving Rape: A Morning/Mourning Ritual”, in Mary E. Odem, Jody Clay-Warner, editors, Confronting Rape and Sexual Assault (Worlds of Women; number 3), SR Books, published 2003, →ISBN, page 6:
2. (transitive) To imagine (someone or something) as in a nightmare.
   • I hurried through the arch, was dipped into shadow, and was glad to have my screaming eyes rinsed clean of this vision of a scrabbling, gibbering hell, worse than any nightmared by Bosch or Goya. 2016, Daniel Kraus, The Death and Life of Zebulon Finch; Volume Two: Empire Decayed, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster BFYR, →ISBN, page 122:
   • Stars have no need of intimidation, which makes them mightier than all the godheads nightmared by mere humanity. 2013, Caitlín R[ebekah] Kiernan, “Random Thoughts Before a Fatal Crash”, in The Ape’s Wife and Other Stories, Burton, Mich.: Subterranean Press, →ISBN, page 224:
   • She was the last person I’d expected to see, although I had not expected to see anyone at all. For a moment I thought it was a nightmare, and that I was nightmaring the whole thing. 1983, Shirley Eskapa, chapter 16, in The Secret-Keeper, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, page 99:
3. (transitive) To trouble (someone or something), as by a nightmare.
   • The thing beckoned to me, grinning horrible out of its gape-agog slit-face, and it whispered to me, about things that I . . . well, never you mind that part. / “It was that powder, I tell you, as was nightmaring me. So I took the jar out behind-house and I dropped it down the convenience. Yes, the earth-closet. I went back to bed, but I still couldn’t kip much. 1994, F[ergus] Gwynplaine MacIntyre, The Woman Between the Worlds, New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing, →ISBN, page 208:
   • THe day is broke! Melpomene, be gone; / Hag of my Fancy, let me now alone: / Night-mare my ſoul no more; Go take thy flight / Where Traytors Ghoſts keep an eternal night; […] 1660 April 23, a Rural Pen [pseudonym; Robert Wild], Iter Boreale. Attempting Somthing upon the Successful and Matchless March of the Lord General George Monck, from Scotland, to London, the Last Winter, &c., London: […], page 3:
   • And in my sleep a vision nightmared me:— / The steeds I tended, and at Rhesus’ side / Drave in the car, I saw as in a dream / Mounted of wolves that rode upon their backs; / And with their tails these lashed the horses’ flanks, / Scourging them on. 1898, Euripides, translated by Arthur S[anders] Way, “Rhesus”, in The Tragedies of Euripides in English Verse. […], volume III, London: Macmillan and Co., Limited; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., page 484, lines 780–785:
   • Thou things imponderable dost price and weigh / By scales untrue ’gainst the gewgaws and gauds / O’ the World; thy ledger ’neath thy head dost lay / For pillow, nightmared with dreams of thy hoards. [1875], Henry Browne [pseudonym; Henry Ellison], “To England”, in Stones from the Quarry; or, Moods of Mind, London: Provost and Co., […], page 308:
   • […] I slept fitfully—it was hot, the very pillows seemed to sweat—and when I did fall off in sleep, I tossed and tossed, disturbed, I think, by the call of old-new affinities, nightmared by the tall Sudanese who paced my dreams, veiled in a yashmak, stuttering. 1951, A[braham] M[oses] Klein, The Second Scroll, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →OCLC, page 66:

Forms

Relateds

night terror · sleep paralysis