hydronium en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /haɪˈdɹəʊ.ni.əm/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- (UK) audio
- /haɪˈdɹoʊ.ni.əm/ (General-American)
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Hellenic *údōr Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr) Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)lbor. English hydro- New Latin ammōniumbor. English ammonium English onium English hydronium From hydro- + onium.
Meanings
-
(physical) The hydrated hydrogen ion, H₃O⁺.
The case of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is an example of this. In the gase^([sic]) phase, hydronium is a weak acid. The data in Table 3.10 indicates that bare hydronium ions have a higher electron affinity than most metal surfaces, so a bare hydronium ion should be neutralized when it absorbs on a bare metal surface. However, a hydrated hydronium ion is a stronger acid.
1996, Richard I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, page 148:Acids are compounds that produce hydronium ions when mixed with water.[…]The hydronium ion is a very special ion because it is the defining particle of all acids.
2006, Johanna Holm, Forgotten Chemistry: A Refresher Course, Barron's Educational Series, page 160:There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges.
2016, Andrés G. Muñoz, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 206:Hydronium is not a way of stabilizing an acid, because the structure itself is so quickly transient that it can be considered as not existing.
2016, Philippe Deprez, Textbook of Chemical Peels: Superficial, Medium, and Deep Peels in Cosmetic Practice, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 48:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydroniums | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Coordinates
Deriveds
Hypernyms
oxonium (cation of oxygen)
Synonyms
hydronium ion (hydrated hydrogen ion)
Translations (10)
de Hydronium (H3O+) · fi hydronium (H3O+) · da oxonium (H3O+) · cmn 水合氫離子 /水合氢离子 (H3O+) · it idrossonio (H3O+) · kmr hîdronyûm (H3O+) · fi hydroksonium (H3O+) · it idronio (H3O+) · es hidronio (H3O+) · ja ヒドロニウム (H3O+)