hostage en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /ˈhɒs.tɪd͡ʒ/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- (US) audio
- /ˈhɑs.tɪd͡ʒ/ (General-American)
Etymology
From Middle English hostage, ostage, from Old French hostage, ostage. This, in turn, is either from Old French hoste (“host”) + -age (in which case the sense development is from taking someone into "lodging" to taking them into "captivity", to applying the term to a captive), or is from Vulgar Latin obsidāticum (“condition of being held captive”), from Latin obses (“hostage, captive”), with the initial h- added under the influence of hoste or another word. Displaced native Old English ġīsl.
Meanings
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A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.
He was the son of Theodemer, one of the leading Goths during the years immediately after Attila's death, and in the early 460s, at the age of seven or eight, Theoderic had been sent to Constantinople as a hostage, to guarantee an agreement between Leo and his father.
2013, A. D Lee, From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565, page 123:There are instances in which a state accepted a princess both from Han and from the Hsiung-nu, and "once Lou-lan had surrendered and presented tributary gifts [to the Han emperor], the Hsiung-nu heard of those events and sent out troups to attack [Lou-lan]. Whereupon [the king of] Lou-lan sent one son as a hostage to the Hsiung-nu and one as hostage to Han."
1979, Anthony François Paulus Hulsewé, China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC - AD 23, page 61:Han tribute relations involved much the same bribery of the non-Chinese (with money, goods and princesses) as Peace and Friendship; the only qualitative difference was that the Xiongnu accepted nominal vassal status by sending a high-born hostage to China, paying homage to the emperor and offering 'tribute' (which could include objects of no particular value or use to the Chinese).
2009, Julia Lovell, The Great Wall:And there with alle was made hostage on bothe partyes and made hit as sure as hit myghte be that whether party had the vyctory soo to ende. "And therewithal was made hostage on both parties, and made it as sure as it might be, that whether party had the victory, so to end."
1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, page 232r (Book X Chapter xxx):The putative force of hostageship as a form of surety lay in the threat to the life of the hostage in case of default; ties of blood magnified the threat, hence the prevalence of sons as hostages.
2012, Adam J. Kosto, Hostages in the Middle Ages, page 199:
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A person seized in order to compel another party to act (or refrain from acting) in a certain way, because of the threat of harm to the hostage.
With a ski mask pulled tightly down across his face, an uninvited guest was dragging his petrified hostage down the hall on the thirty-eighth floor towards the Presidential Suite.
2016, James Patterson, The Hostage: BookShots:One of the hostages pretends to be pregnant and is released at Benghazi Airport, where the aircraft refuels.
2014, Tony Shaw, Cinematic Terror: A Global History of Terrorism on Film, page 130:For example, a subject surprised in the act of robbery may take a hostage to use as a shield.
2013, James L Greenstone, The Elements of Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiations, page 1:
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Something that constrains one's actions because it is at risk.
“Oh, well,” I consented sadly, “the garden will lose half of its charm, but such, I suppose, is my hostage to prosperity.”
1929, Forest and Outdoors - Volume 25, page 408:I, too, have a hostage to the future in my large family, as you have, and my only personal satisfaction is that I will leave the heritage to them that I did the best I could for a great nation.
2001, Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Amanda Smith, Hostage to Fortune: The Letters of Joseph P. Kennedy, page 219:With a world in flux, many believed that such a doctrine risked offering a hostage to fortune that may be rendered irrelevant by a rapidly transforming world environment.
2015, James D. Boys, Clinton's Grand Strategy, page 82:
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One who is compelled by something, especially something that poses a threat; one who is not free to choose their own course of action.
As a result, the country became a hostage to the International Monetary Fund, which dictated that its government cut back on public spending, reduce subsidies on basic foodstuffs and orient the economy towards producing export goods.
2015, W. J. Berridge, Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan, page 42:For I'm not a stupid man, and in that strange, wonderful moment of sublime and utter bliss, I am aware that such joy has its darker side, and that now, more than ever, I am vulnerable; that I have become in that instant a hostage to Fate and Time and, best and worst of all, to Love.
2015, David Wingrove, The Ocean of Time: Roads to Moscow: Book Two, page 291:You have a choice in every moment, so you can decide to be a host to God and carry around with you the calmness that is the Tao, or you can be a hostage to your ego, which insists that you can't really help feeling disorderly when you're in circumstances that resemble pandemonium.
2007, Wayne W. Dyer, Change Your Thoughts, Change Your Life, page 124:Can he change the situation significantly or is he a hostage to a system that is resistant to dismantling?
2015, Sebastien Peyrouse, Turkmenistan:
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The condition of being held as security or to compel someone else to act or not act in a particular way.
[…] which number, in Januarye last, the better halfe were already sett free, and departed, and the rest attend the oportunitye of good passadge, except only some few ordayned to bee kept in hostage, for the redemption of Turkes, pretended from us; […]
1740, Thomas Roe, The negociations ... in his embassy to the ottoman Porte from the year. 1621-28 inclusive. Now first publ. from the originals, page 376:Technically speaking, the Arnold infant was not "kidnapped" at all. Rather was she seized and held in hostage. The defendant "carried" no one away. It is true that for a brief space of time he "detained" the Arnold infant in the garage, but this act, in and of itself, does not constitute "kidnapping" in the legal sense of the word, since, in reality, he was holding her "in hostage"—as a pledge, or shield, or guarantee of his own safety. The appellant, who had spent some time in the armed forces[,] seized the child and "held her in hostage", just as prisoners of war are held in hostage.
1953, New York (State) Court of Appeals, New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs, page 37This is what my mother must have been like when she was twelve—that is, minus the dark hair and upside-down smile and the wild animal held in hostage.
2015, Sarah Elizabeth Schantz, Fig, page 138:The concept of “lordship” was deeper and survived longer on the Continent. On every dimension, one could argue, they engaged in less hostage capital. It is not surprising then that their wealth levels did not match those in Britain.
2011 October 25, Douglas W. Allen, The Institutional Revolution, Measurement and the Economic Emergence of the Modern World, University of Chicago Press, unpaged
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| hostages | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
hostage negotiator · hostage-taker · hostage diplomacy · hostageship · guestage · take hostage · hold hostage · hostage to fortune · hostager · hostage taker · hostagehood
Translations (120)
la obses (person given as a pledge or security) · hi बंधक (person given as a pledge or security) · ka მძევალი (person given as a pledge or security) · uk зару́чник (person given as a pledge or security) · as ওল (person given as a pledge or security) · ang ġīsl (person given as a pledge or security) · sh та́лац (person given as a pledge or security) · lv ķīlnieks (person given as a pledge or security) · fa یَرْغَمال (person given as a pledge or security) · fr otage (person given as a pledge or security) · az girov (person given as a pledge or security) · ja 人質 (person given as a pledge or security) · my ဓားစာခံ (person given as a pledge or security) · ta கிரி (person given as a pledge or security) · tt тотык (person given as a pledge or security) · sk rukojemník (person given as a pledge or security) · sh tálac (person given as a pledge or security) · ru зало́жница (person given as a pledge or security) · kmr rehîne (person given as a pledge or security) · fa رَهین (person given as a pledge or security) · tg гаравгон (person given as a pledge or security) · ur یَرْغَمال (person given as a pledge or security) · fi panttivanki (person given as a pledge or security) · be зало́жнік (person given as a pledge or security) · bg зало́жник (person given as a pledge or security) · is gísl (person given as a pledge or security) · ca ostatge (person given as a pledge or security) · cmn 人質 /人质 (person given as a pledge or security) · hu túsz (person given as a pledge or security) · hy պատանդ (person given as a pledge or security) · nn gissel (person given as a pledge or security) · eo ostaĝo (person given as a pledge or security) · mk заложница (person given as a pledge or security) · ms tebusan (person given as a pledge or security) · mk заложничка (person given as a pledge or security) · gv raane (person given as a pledge or security) · lv ķīlniece (person given as a pledge or security) · sw ghanima (person given as a pledge or security) · bg зало́жница (person given as a pledge or security) · fa گِروگان (person given as a pledge or security) · nb gissel (person given as a pledge or security) · id sandera (person given as a pledge or security) · gl refén (person given as a pledge or security) · ur رَہِین (person given as a pledge or security) · ba аманат (person given as a pledge or security) · ms orang tebusan (person given as a pledge or security) · it ostaggio (person given as a pledge or security) · ta பிணையாளி (person given as a pledge or security) · sw mateka (person given as a pledge or security) · sl talka (person given as a pledge or security) · zlw-opl obsiadły (person given as a pledge or security) · sv gisslan (person given as a pledge or security) · de Geisel (person given as a pledge or security) · ug تۇتقۇن (person given as a pledge or security) · pt refém (person given as a pledge or security) · mn барьцаа (person given as a pledge or security) · ht otaj (person given as a pledge or security) · ko 인질 (person given as a pledge or security) · gl arrafén (person given as a pledge or security) · cs rukojmí (person given as a pledge or security) · th ตัวประกัน (person given as a pledge or security) · grc ὅμηρος (person given as a pledge or security) · mi mauhere paremata (person given as a pledge or security) · ro ostatic (person given as a pledge or security) · zlw-opl zastawca (person given as a pledge or security) · yi אָרעווניק (person given as a pledge or security) · lt įkaitas (person given as a pledge or security) · ko 볼모 (person given as a pledge or security) · ga brá (person given as a pledge or security) · sga gíall (person given as a pledge or security) · sl talec (person given as a pledge or security) · yue 人質 /人质 (person given as a pledge or security) · ru зало́жник (person given as a pledge or security) · be закла́днік (person given as a pledge or security) · mk заложник (person given as a pledge or security) · ga geall (person given as a pledge or security) · be зало́жніца (person given as a pledge or security) · ar رَهِينَة (person given as a pledge or security) · te బందీ (person given as a pledge or security) · km ចំណាប់ខ្មាំង (person given as a pledge or security) · vi con tin (person given as a pledge or security) · sk rukojemníčka (person given as a pledge or security) · es rehén (person given as a pledge or security) · nan-hbl 人質 /人质 (person given as a pledge or security) · tk girew (person given as a pledge or security) · ky барымта (person given as a pledge or security) · bg зало́жничка (person given as a pledge or security) · lo ຕົວຈຳນຳ (person given as a pledge or security) · af gyselaar (person given as a pledge or security) · sq peng (person given as a pledge or security) · ps يرغمل (person given as a pledge or security) · ga giall (person given as a pledge or security) · be закла́дніца (person given as a pledge or security) · ia hostage (person given as a pledge or security) · sh таокиња (person given as a pledge or security) · cy gwystl (person given as a pledge or security) · kk аманат (person given as a pledge or security) · pl zakładnik (person given as a pledge or security) · tr rehine (person given as a pledge or security) · ia ostage (person given as a pledge or security) · ta பிணைக்கைதி (person given as a pledge or security) · he בַּת עֲרֻבָּה (person given as a pledge or security) · ga banna (person given as a pledge or security) · sh taokinja (person given as a pledge or security) · oc ostatge (person given as a pledge or security) · ky заложник (person given as a pledge or security) · orv таль (person given as a pledge or security) · he בֶּן עֲרֻבָּה (person given as a pledge or security) · et pantvang (person given as a pledge or security) · ky аманат (person given as a pledge or security) · uk зару́чниця (person given as a pledge or security) · tr tutak (person given as a pledge or security) · pl zakładniczka (person given as a pledge or security) · mnc ᡩᠠᠮᡨᡠᠨ (person given as a pledge or security) · ro ostatică (person given as a pledge or security) · nl gijzelaar (person given as a pledge or security) · el όμηρος (person given as a pledge or security) · uz garov (person given as a pledge or security) · da gidsel (person given as a pledge or security) · cmn 俘虜 /俘虏 (person given as a pledge or security)