hornbeam en · NOUN · etymology 1
Pronunciation
Etymology
From Late Middle English hornbeme, hernbem, hernebem (“European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)”), from horn (“antler or horn of an animal; etc.”) + bem (“tree; piece of metal, wood, etc.”) (referring to a tree with wood as hard as horn): * Horn is from Old English horn (“horn”), from Proto-West Germanic *horn (“horn”), from Proto-Germanic *hurną (“horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn; head, top”). * Bem is from Old English bēam (“tree; piece of wood”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum (“tree; piece of wood”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *bagmaz (“tree; piece of wood”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”) or *bʰuH- (“to appear; to be; to become; to grow”). By surface analysis, horn + beam (“only in compounds: tree”).
Meanings
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(countable) A tree of the genus Carpinus, having smooth grey bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The Horn-beam, in Latine the Carpinus, is planted of Sets; though it may likevviſe be raiſed from the Seeds, […] Thus it vvill advance to a conſiderable Tree.
1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Of the Horn-Beam”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 29:
- (countable) A tree of the genus Carpinus, having smooth grey bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. ▸ Especially, the American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), which is common along the banks of streams in the United States.
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(countable) A tree of the genus Carpinus, having smooth grey bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. ▸ Especially, the common hornbeam or European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).
Betulus, or the Hornebeame tree grovveth great, & very like vnto the Elme, or vvich Hazell tree, hauing a great body: the vvood or timber vvherof […] in time it vvaxeth ſo hard, that the toughnes and hardnes of it, may be rather compared vnto horne then vnto vvood, and therfore it vvas called Hornebeame, or Hardbeame: […]
1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of the Hornebeame, or Hardbeame Tree”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book III, page 1295:
- (uncountable) The wood of these trees or one species of them; (countable) a sample of such wood.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| hornbeams | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
eastern hop hornbeam · hop hornbeam · European hophornbeam · American hop hornbeam · hophornbeam · European hop hornbeam · American hophornbeam
Hyponyms
common hornbeam (Carpinus genus trees) · ironwood (Carpinus genus trees) · European hornbeam (Carpinus genus trees) · southern Balkan hornbeam (Carpinus genus trees) · musclewood (Carpinus genus trees) · blue beech (Carpinus genus trees) · American hornbeam (Carpinus genus trees) · hardbeam (Carpinus genus trees) · Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus genus trees)
Synonyms
Translations (81)
hu gyertyán (tree of the genus Carpinus) · gl carpe (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sq shkozë (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sv avenbok (tree of the genus Carpinus) · lez гийин (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ro carpen (tree of the genus Carpinus) · xdq ши́лла (tree of the genus Carpinus) · de Weißbuche (tree of the genus Carpinus) · de Hainbuche (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ka რცხილა (tree of the genus Carpinus) · os фатхъӕд (tree of the genus Carpinus) · kap гьой (tree of the genus Carpinus) · wa tchårnea (tree of the genus Carpinus) · wa tchårnale (tree of the genus Carpinus) · lzz ცხემური (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sl navadni gaber (tree of the genus Carpinus) · la carpinus (tree of the genus Carpinus) · cs habr (tree of the genus Carpinus) · vec càrpane (tree of the genus Carpinus) · inh пхьан (tree of the genus Carpinus) · frp charpena (tree of the genus Carpinus) · rup cãrãnti (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ja 垂 (tree of the genus Carpinus) · jdt велес (tree of the genus Carpinus) · tab мухь (tree of the genus Carpinus) · cmn 鵝耳櫪 /鹅耳枥 (tree of the genus Carpinus) · uk граб (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sl beli gaber (tree of the genus Carpinus) · lt skroblas (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ga crann sleamhain (tree of the genus Carpinus) · tr gürgen (tree of the genus Carpinus) · rup gavru (tree of the genus Carpinus) · bbl კარცხილ (tree of the genus Carpinus) · hy բոխի (tree of the genus Carpinus) · grc γάβρος (tree of the genus Carpinus) · vec càrpano (tree of the genus Carpinus) · nrf charmille (tree of the genus Carpinus) · lv skābardis (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sk hrab (tree of the genus Carpinus) · scn càrpinu (tree of the genus Carpinus) · rup carpin (tree of the genus Carpinus) · pt carpino (tree of the genus Carpinus) · el καρπίνος (tree of the genus Carpinus) · it carpino (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ca carpí (tree of the genus Carpinus) · av лъор (tree of the genus Carpinus) · pl grab (tree of the genus Carpinus) · wa tchåne (tree of the genus Carpinus) · nl haagbeuk (tree of the genus Carpinus) · be граб (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ru граб (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ja 四手 (tree of the genus Carpinus) · rup scodã (tree of the genus Carpinus) · bg габър (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sva ცხუმ (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fi valkopyökki (wood of these trees or one species of them; sample of such wood) · eo karpeno (tree of the genus Carpinus) · nds Haböök (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ce пха (tree of the genus Carpinus) · es carpe (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fa ممرز (tree of the genus Carpinus) · io karpino (tree of the genus Carpinus) · sv annbok (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ist carpano (tree of the genus Carpinus) · nds Wittböök (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ruq carpin (tree of the genus Carpinus) · az ulas (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fr charme (tree of the genus Carpinus) · vec càrpen (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fur çamar (tree of the genus Carpinus) · cy oestrwydden (tree of the genus Carpinus) · dsb grab (tree of the genus Carpinus) · oc calpre (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ab хьаца (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fi valkopyökki (tree of the genus Carpinus) · xmf ცხიმური (tree of the genus Carpinus) · el γάβρος (tree of the genus Carpinus) · mk габер (tree of the genus Carpinus) · ko 서어나무 (tree of the genus Carpinus) · fa کرزل (tree of the genus Carpinus) · az vələs (tree of the genus Carpinus)