gerund en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /ˈd͡ʒɛɹənd/
- /ˈd͡ʒɛɹʌnd/
- jěr'-ənd
- (Southern-England) audio
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin gerundium, from gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).
Meanings
-
A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun.
Gerunds and gerund phrases are always nouns, so they are always predicate nominatives when used as complements. Do be careful to distinguish progressive-tense verbs from gerunds used as subjective complements.
2005, Gary Lutz, Diane Stevenson, The Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference, page 55:Compounds in which gerunds are the second element look exactly like compounds in which present participles are the second element, but different principles of hyphenation apply.
1991, Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English, page 208:Like any noun, the gerund functions as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative. The gerund phrase is made up of the present participle ("-ing") and can contain an object and/or a modifier (and sometimes many modifiers). The gerund is a verbal noun.
2002, Dan Mulvey, Grammar the Easy Way, page 25:
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In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense.
The Spanish gerund is quite unlike the English -ing form (‘walking’, ‘replying’, ‘saying’, etc.), which can function as a gerund, a present participle, a noun or an adjective; and it is also unlike the French form ending in -ant, which covers the functions of both the Spanish gerund and the adjectival form in -ante, -(i)ente discussed at 19.4.
2013, John Butt, Carmen Benjamin, A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, Kindle edition, Routledge, →ISBN:
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| gerunds | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
gerundal · gerund-grinding · gerund-grinder · gerundize · gerundization · gerund-participle
Hypernyms
Relateds
Translations (89)
cy cyfrediad (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · fa-ira اِسْمِ مَصْدَر (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · eo gerundio (verb form functioning as an adverb) · nrf nom vèrbal (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · pl odsłownik (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ka გერუნდი (verb form functioning as an adverb) · de Vertretungswort (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tl pandiwang makangalan (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · de Gerundium (verb form functioning as an adverb) · es gerundio (verb form functioning as an adverb) · da gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · cmn 動名詞 /动名词 (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ja 動名詞 (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ceb punglihongan (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · vi động danh từ (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ar صِيغَةُ فِعْل (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · cy gerwnd (verb form functioning as an adverb) · nb gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tr ulaç (verb form functioning as an adverb) · hu ing-es alak (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · la gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ro gerunziu (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · fr gérondif (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · mk герунд (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu deverbális határozó (verb form functioning as an adverb) · th อาการนาม (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · cy cyfrediad (verb form functioning as an adverb) · be геру́ндый (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · lt padalyvis (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · sh гѐрунд (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu gerundium (verb form functioning as an adverb) · hu igéből képzett határozó (verb form functioning as an adverb) · pt gerúndio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tr zarf-fiil (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · et gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu ing-es alak (verb form functioning as an adverb) · io gerundio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · es gerundio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ru дееприча́стие (verb form functioning as an adverb) · is sagnarnafnorð (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · bg геру́ндий (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ru геру́ндий (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu határozói igenév (verb form functioning as an adverb) · ar مَصْدَر (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · fi gerundi (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · pl gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · th รูปกริยาเป็นนาม (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tr ulaç (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · sv gerundium (verb form functioning as an adverb) · hu gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · sl glagolnik (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · az feili bağlama (verb form functioning as an adverb) · sk gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · it gerundio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · pl rzeczownik odczasownikowy (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · nb gerundium (verb form functioning as an adverb) · fr gérondif (verb form functioning as an adverb) · ca gerundi (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu deverbális főnév (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · el γερούνδιο (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ko 동명사 (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · nl gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · uk геру́ндій (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · gl xerundio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · cy gerwnd (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · pl imiesłów przysłówkowy współczesny (verb form functioning as an adverb) · kk герундий (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ur اِسْمِ مَصْدَر (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · sh gèrund (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · pt gerúndio (verb form functioning as an adverb) · tl pangngalang-diwa (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hu igéből képzett főnév (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · hi क्रियावाचक संज्ञा (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · ca gerundi (verb form functioning as an adverb) · ru геру́ндий (verb form functioning as an adverb) · hy գերունդիում (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · fi gerundi (verb form functioning as an adverb) · it gerundio (verb form functioning as an adverb) · eo gerundio (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · eo e-participo (of Esperanto) (verb form functioning as an adverb) · de Gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · cs gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · sq gerundim (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · nl gerundium (verb form functioning as an adverb) · sv gerundium (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tr durum ulacı (verb form functioning as an adverb) · tr zarf-fiil (verb form functioning as an adverb) · ka გერუნდი (verb form functioning as a verbal noun) · tr sıla sıygası (verb form functioning as an adverb)