Dictionary

cynical en · ADJ

Pronunciation

• (US) audio
• /ˈsɪnɪkəl/

Etymology

Originated 1542, from Classical Latin cynicus (“Cynic/cynic”, adjective) + -al. By surface analysis, cynic + -al. In reference to dogs, with allusion to the ultimate etymology (Ancient Greek κυνικός (kunikós, “doglike”)).

Meanings

1. Of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated only or primarily by base desires or selfishness.
   • I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. 1755, Samuel Johnson, To the Earl of Chesterfield:
2. Skeptical of the integrity, sincerity, or motives of others.
3. Bitterly or jadedly distrustful or contemptuous; mocking.
   • On any given day, those who get their news from the loudest voices on the right—Sean Hannity, Rush Limbaugh, Breitbart News—are bombarded with partisan propaganda, conspiracy theories, and cynical rage-bait. 2020 January 31, McKay Coppins, “The Conservatives Trying to Ditch Fake News”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 25 Mar 2020:
   • He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
4. Showing contempt for accepted moral standards by one's actions.
   • When he, at Neergard's cynical suggestion, had consented to exploit his own club[…]and had consented to resign from it to do so, he had every reason to believe that Neergard meant to either mulct them heavily or buy them out. In either case, having been useful to Neergard, his profits from the transaction would have been considerable. 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter X, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
5. (rare) Like the actions of a snarling dog, especially in reference to facial nerve paralysis.
   • On the contrary, in woman, the cynical spasm, though felt with as much, or even more violence than the other sex, is not followed with the same deleterious effects, and may be repeated much oftener without any unfavorable consequences. 1857, New Orleans Medical News and Hospital Gazette - Volume 3, page 278:
   • Demetrius Attalicus studied the symptomatologies due to strictura cerebri, characterized by a cynical spasm of the facial nerve. 1986, Giuseppe Roccatagliata, A History of Ancient Psychiatry, page 125:
   • Towards noon, he experienced convulsive movements; the extremities became stiff, the pulse extremely small, and he died during an attack of cynical spasm. 1818, Matthieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila, A Treatise on Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Poisons, Considered as to their Relations with Physiology, Pathology, and Medical Jurisprudence:
   • Something of the same sort happened at Hensberg, Germany, where the nuns were afflicted and committed the sin they called “the silent sin.” In their ecstasies, their convulsions were very violent and interspersed with “cynical movements of the pelvis.” 2009, Hilary Evans, Robert E. Bartholomew, Outbreak!: The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior, →ISBN:

Forms

Deriveds

cynicalness · semicynical · cynicality · supercynical · cynically · cynicism · noncynical · uncynical · precynical

Translations (45)

gd searbhasach (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · sh cìničan (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · es resabioso (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · tr kinik (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · el κυνικός (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ro cinic (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · de zynisch (showing contempt for accepted moral standards by one's actions) · nl cynisch (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · hy ցինիկ (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · fi kyyninen (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ru цини́чный (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · bg цини́чен (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · pl cyniczny (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · it cinico (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · gd dranndanach (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · es cínico (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · eo seniluzia (skeptical of the integrity, sincerity, or motives of others) · mk циничен (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ca cínic (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · cs cynický (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · cmn 玩世不恭 (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · fr cynique (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · be цыні́чны (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ko 랭소적 (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · tr küçümseyici (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · da kynisk (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ar سَاخِر (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ja 皮肉な (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · sl ciničen (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · mi pūhohe (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · gl cínico (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · sk cynický (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · uk цині́чний (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · el ωμός (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · sv cynisk (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · nb kynisk (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ms sinis (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · sh цѝничан (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · nn kynisk (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · es resabiado (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · ko 냉소적 (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · tr sinik (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · es sotreta (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · pt cínico (of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated by base desires or selfishness) · de zynisch (bitterly or jadedly distrustful or contemptuous; mocking)