crust en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- (Southern-England) audio
- /kɹʊst/ (Northern-England)
- /kɹʌst/
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *krews- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *krustós Proto-Italic *krustosder. Latin crusta Anglo-Norman crustebor. Middle English cruste English crust From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”). Doublet of crusta.
Meanings
- (countable, uncountable) A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
- (countable, uncountable) The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
-
(countable, uncountable) An outer layer composed of pastry
Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.
1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:They […] made the crust for the venison pasty.
1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
- (countable, uncountable) The bread-like base of a pizza.
- (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New-Zealand, Northern-US, UK, countable, uncountable) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.
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(countable, uncountable) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.
2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:Holonyms: lithosphere < Earth
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(broadly, countable, uncountable) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of any terrestrial planet.
Holonyms: lithosphere < planet
- (countable, uncountable) The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
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(Australia, UK, countable, informal, uncountable) A living.
to earn one's crust
Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.
1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 1:
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(informal, uncountable) Nerve, gall.
“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”
1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.
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(Australia, UK, countable, dated, slang, uncountable) The head.
“Well, all I can say is that if yer don't take yer dial outer the road I'll bloomin' well take an' bounce a gibber off yer crust.”
1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 90:
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(abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable) Ellipsis of crust punk, a subgenre of punk music.
alt of crust punk
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| crusts | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
hot water crust · pie crust · biocrust · shortcrust · gypcrust · breadcrust · decrust · earn one's crust · continental crust · cradle crust · kissing-crust · upper crust · pie crust collar · thick-crust pizza · pie crust lease · crustless · blackened crust · crusted · crustache · crustcore · overcrust · crack a crust · bleeding oak crust · milk crust · crustal · crustation · oceanic crust · earn a crust · crustlike · cruft · thin-crust pizza · crustquake
Relateds
crusty · crouton · encrust · crusted · croustade · custard
Synonyms
daily bread · heel (bread end-piece) · livelihood · income
Translations (137)
ru кора́ (outermost layer of a planet) · th เปลือก (outermost layer of a planet) · hu földkéreg (outermost layer of a planet) · gv bleayst (outermost layer of a planet) · pt crosta (outermost layer of a planet) · ar قِشْرَة (outermost layer of a planet) · sv skorpa (outermost layer of a planet) · ur چھِلْکا (any solid, hard surface layer) · ga screamh (outermost layer of a planet) · es corteza (outermost layer of a planet) · ru ко́рка (bread foundation of pizza) · pl skorupa (outermost layer of a planet) · fi kuori (any solid, hard surface layer) · io krusto (outermost layer of a planet) · pt crosta (outer layer composed of pastry) · nb jordskorpe (outermost layer of a planet) · fi kuori (outermost layer of a planet) · el φλοιός (any solid, hard surface layer) · ko 지각 (outermost layer of a planet) · cs kůra (any solid, hard surface layer) · cmn 地殼 /地壳 (outermost layer of a planet) · hi छिलका (any solid, hard surface layer) · scn crusta (any solid, hard surface layer) · be ко́рка (any solid, hard surface layer) · pl skórka (bread foundation of pizza) · hi पर्पटी (outermost layer of a planet) · gl cortiza (outermost layer of a planet) · es repulgo (bread foundation of pizza) · vi lớp vỏ (outermost layer of a planet) · fi kuori (outer layer composed of pastry) · ja 地殻 (outermost layer of a planet) · pt crosta (any solid, hard surface layer) · uk кора́ (outermost layer of a planet) · gl codia (any solid, hard surface layer) · fr croûte (any solid, hard surface layer) · hi भूपर्पटी (outermost layer of a planet) · uk кора́ (any solid, hard surface layer) · uk скори́нка (any solid, hard surface layer) · gl codia (outermost layer of a planet) · be кара́ (outermost layer of a planet) · la crusta (any solid, hard surface layer) · ru па́нцирь (outer layer of crustacean) · sh kȍra (any solid, hard surface layer) · hy երկրակեղեւ (outermost layer of a planet) · sl skorja (outermost layer of a planet) · fi pohja (bread foundation of pizza) · sk kôra (outermost layer of a planet) · nrf crôte (any solid, hard surface layer) · sh kȍra (outermost layer of a planet) · fr croûte (outermost layer of a planet) · sh ко̏ра (outermost layer of a planet) · es corteza (bread foundation of pizza) · ba ҡыртыш (any solid, hard surface layer) · gl lastra (any solid, hard surface layer) · pdt Ieedkjarscht (outermost layer of a planet) · nn jordskorpe (outermost layer of a planet) · bg кора́ (any solid, hard surface layer) · it crosta (outermost layer of a planet) · ru ко́рочка (bread foundation of pizza) · uk скори́на (any solid, hard surface layer) · gl crosta (any solid, hard surface layer) · bg кора́ (outermost layer of a planet) · mk кора (outermost layer of a planet) · tl upak ng Duta (outermost layer of a planet) · lo ຜິວໂລກ (outermost layer of a planet) · ja ピザクラスト (bread foundation of pizza) · nb skorpe (outermost layer of a planet) · el επίπαγος (any solid, hard surface layer) · ca crosta (any solid, hard surface layer) · fa-ira پوسْتِه (outermost layer of a planet) · nn skorpe (outermost layer of a planet) · de Kruste (any solid, hard surface layer) · dsb škóra (any solid, hard surface layer) · nl korst (any solid, hard surface layer) · mi kirinuku (outermost layer of a planet) · ur پوسْت (any solid, hard surface layer) · gl talo (any solid, hard surface layer) · fi kuori (outer layer of crustacean) · sh ко̏ра (any solid, hard surface layer) · fi pokka (nerve, gall) · ko 피자 크러스트 (bread foundation of pizza) · ca massa (bread foundation of pizza) · tr kabuk (outermost layer of a planet) · sv jordskorpa (outermost layer of a planet) · th เปลือกดาว (outermost layer of a planet) · tl upak (outermost layer of a planet) · uz qobiq (outermost layer of a planet) · ro crustă (outermost layer of a planet) · izh koori (any solid, hard surface layer) · fi otsa (nerve, gall) · sq kore (outermost layer of a planet) · uk скори́нка (bread foundation of pizza) · es repulgue (bread foundation of pizza) · nl korst (outermost layer of a planet) · es repulgue (outer layer composed of pastry) · ca crosta (outer layer composed of pastry) · nb skorpe (any solid, hard surface layer) · ang rind (any solid, hard surface layer) · da skorpe (outermost layer of a planet) · ca escorça (outermost layer of a planet) · uk па́нцир (outer layer of crustacean) · wa crosse (outer layer composed of pastry) · eo terkrusto (outermost layer of a planet) · hu köpeny (outermost layer of a planet) · ru ко́рка (any solid, hard surface layer) · sv skare (any solid, hard surface layer) · uk черепа́шка (outer layer of crustacean) · fi kantti (nerve, gall) · io krusto (any solid, hard surface layer) · mt qoxra (any solid, hard surface layer) · gl arna (any solid, hard surface layer) · sl skorja (any solid, hard surface layer) · eo krusto (any solid, hard surface layer) · cs kůra (outermost layer of a planet) · fi muna (nerve, gall) · de Kruste (outermost layer of a planet) · hy կեղեւ (any solid, hard surface layer) · el φλοιός (outermost layer of a planet) · io krusto (outer layer composed of pastry) · hu héj (any solid, hard surface layer) · es costra (any solid, hard surface layer) · es pan (bread foundation of pizza) · hu burok (any solid, hard surface layer) · io krusto (bread foundation of pizza) · pl skórka (outer layer composed of pastry) · be скары́нка (any solid, hard surface layer) · is skorpa (any solid, hard surface layer) · es repulgo (outer layer composed of pastry) · sv skorpa (any solid, hard surface layer) · nb skare (any solid, hard surface layer) · pt massa (bread foundation of pizza) · ka ქერქი (outermost layer of a planet) · fi pizzapohja (bread foundation of pizza) · it crosta (any solid, hard surface layer) · fr écorce (outermost layer of a planet) · ba ҡыртыш (outermost layer of a planet) · cmn 比薩外皮 /比萨外皮 (bread foundation of pizza)