crusade en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- audio Midwest US
- /kɹuˈseɪd/ (Canada, General-American)
- /kɹuːˈseɪd/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /kɹʉːˈsæɪd/ (Australia, New-Zealand)
Etymology
From French croisade, introduced into English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun. Adjectival cruciātus originally meant "tormented; crucified", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for "marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross" and eventually "taking the cross" in the sense of "going on a crusade". Old Occitan crozada is used in the sense "[the Albigensian] crusade" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense "crusade" from about 1270.
Meanings
-
(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars.
Their way lay through the hall, where hung the helm of many a bold forefather, and arms that had seen service even in the crusades.
1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Arrived at Home”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 87:During the crusades, many Muslims and Christians and Jews were slaughtered.
- Any war instigated and blessed by the Church for alleged religious ends, (especially) papal-sanctioned military campaigns against infidels or heretics.
-
(figuratively, qualifier:sometimes ironically) A grand, concerted effort towards some purportedly worthy cause.
a crusade against drug abuse
-
(dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.
The same period that has seen social and political crusades increasingly replace religious messages in the pulpits has seen a sharp 35 percent decline in membership of the mainline Protestant denominations associated with the National Council of Churches.
1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 239:
- (archaic) A Portuguese coin; a crusado.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| crusades | Number=Plur | lexicographic | |
| Crusade | alternative | lexicographic |
Deriveds
crusade bull · crusadism · crusader · crusadist
Relateds
crucify · excruciation · crucifixion · crucial · cross · excruciate · crucifer
Translations (90)
nn krosstog (grand concerted effort) · sl križarska vojna (military expedition) · nb korstog (grand concerted effort) · ar حَرْب صَلِيبِيَّة (grand concerted effort) · be крыжо́вы пахо́д (grand concerted effort) · af kruistog (military expedition) · pt cruzada (grand concerted effort) · sh križarski rat (military expedition) · hu kampány (grand concerted effort) · pl wyprawa krzyżowa (military expedition) · eo krucmilito (military expedition) · mk крстоносна војна (military expedition) · et ristiretk (military expedition) · sh krstaški rat (military expedition) · be крыжо́вы пахо́д (military expedition) · eo krucmilito (grand concerted effort) · et ristisõda (military expedition) · nb korstog (military expedition) · ru кресто́вый похо́д (military expedition) · ka ჯვაროსნობა (military expedition) · gl cruzada (military expedition) · cs kruciáta (military expedition) · ru кресто́вый похо́д (grand concerted effort) · io krucomilito (military expedition) · tr haçlı saldırısı (military expedition) · hu keresztes hadjárat (military expedition) · ka ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობა (military expedition) · nl kruisvaart (military expedition) · pl krucjata (military expedition) · bg кръстоно́сен по́ход (grand concerted effort) · ko 십자군 (military expedition) · tr mücadele (grand concerted effort) · da korstog (military expedition) · mt kruċjati (grand concerted effort) · sv korståg (grand concerted effort) · sq kryqëzatë (military expedition) · tr Haçlı Seferleri (military expedition) · sh крижарски рат (military expedition) · lv krusta karš (grand concerted effort) · ca croada (grand concerted effort) · pt cruzada (military expedition) · sh крсташки рат (military expedition) · sh крижарска војна (military expedition) · sq kryqëzatë (grand concerted effort) · de Feldzug (grand concerted effort) · nn krossferd (grand concerted effort) · fr croisade (military expedition) · af kruistog (grand concerted effort) · hy խաչակրաց արշավանք (military expedition) · fi ristiretki (grand concerted effort) · cs křížová výprava (military expedition) · de Kreuzzug (military expedition) · hy խաչակրություն (military expedition) · el σταυροφορία (grand concerted effort) · he מַסַּע צְלָב (military expedition) · da korstog (grand concerted effort) · axm բասաճ (military expedition) · sk križiacka výprava (grand concerted effort) · es cruzada (grand concerted effort) · hu hadjárat (grand concerted effort) · sv korståg (military expedition) · mt krusadi (grand concerted effort) · nl kruistocht (military expedition) · ar حَمْلَة صَلِيبِيَّة (military expedition) · cmn 十字軍 /十字军 (grand concerted effort) · uk хресто́вий похі́д (grand concerted effort) · nl kruistocht (grand concerted effort) · ko 십자군 (grand concerted effort) · bo སེར་དམག (military expedition) · de Kreuzzug (grand concerted effort) · cs křížová výprava (grand concerted effort) · nn korstog (grand concerted effort) · sk križiacka výprava (military expedition) · cmn 十字軍東征 /十字军东征 (military expedition) · it crociata (military expedition) · pl krucjata (grand concerted effort) · is krossferð (military expedition) · it crociata (grand concerted effort) · es cruzada (military expedition) · fi ristiretki (military expedition) · sh križarska vojna (military expedition) · ro cruciadă (grand concerted effort) · bg кръстоно́сен по́ход (military expedition) · uk хресто́вий похі́д (military expedition) · ca croada (military expedition) · ro cruciadă (military expedition) · oc crosada (military expedition) · fr croisade (grand concerted effort) · ja 十字軍 (grand concerted effort) · ko 십자군전쟁 (military expedition)