commute en · VERB · etymology 1
Pronunciation
- /kəˈmjuːt/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /kəˈmjʉːt/ (Australia, New-Zealand)
- (Southern-England) audio
- /kəˈmjut/ (Canada, General-American)
- (Texas) audio
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Latin mūtō Latin commūtōbor. English commute Borrowed from Latin commūtō.
Meanings
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To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen
to commute market rents for a premium
to commute tithes into rentcharges for a sum
to commute daily fares for a season ticket
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(transitive) To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen ▸ To pay, or arrange to pay, in advance, in a lump sum instead of part by part.
to commute the daily toll for a year's pass
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(transitive) To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen ▸ To reduce the sentence previously given for a criminal offense.
His prison sentence was commuted to probation.
Ruslan Kutaev is evidence of this: not only was the elderly man sentenced to four years in prison (later commuted to two months), but he was tortured and his family threatened. This seems to be the price of viewing the world in other than Kadyrovite terms.
2018, Dominic Rubin, Russia's Muslim Heartlands: Islam in the Putin Era, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 207:
- (qualifier:pensions, transitive) To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen ▸ To pay out the lumpsum present value of an annuity, instead of paying in instalments; to cash in; to encash
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(intransitive, obsolete) To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen ▸ To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution;
He […] thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind.
1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:
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(intransitive) Of an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.
A pair of matrices share the same set of eigenvectors if and only if they commute.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| commuting | Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part | lexicographic | |
| commuted | Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part | lexicographic | |
| commuted | Tense=Past | lexicographic | |
| commutes | Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres | lexicographic |
Deriveds
commutation · anticommute · uncommuted · commutability · commutive · commutable · commutative · commutant
Translations (43)
de abwandeln (to put or substitute something else in place of) · fi maksaa kerralla (to pay in gross instead of part by part) · de vertauschen (to put or substitute something else in place of) · es conmutar (to put or substitute something else in place of) · de umwandeln (legal: to reduce a sentence) · ca commutar (legal: to reduce a sentence) · it commutare (math: to be commutative) · de ersetzen (math: to be commutative) · fi vaihtaa (to put or substitute something else in place of) · fi suorittaa kertamaksu (finance: to pay out the lump-sum present value) · es conmutar (legal: to reduce a sentence) · bg разменям (to put or substitute something else in place of) · hu kommutál (math: to be commutative) · de ablösen (to pay in gross instead of part by part) · de umtauschen (to put or substitute something else in place of) · de ablösen (finance: to pay out the lump-sum present value) · de tauschen (to obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution) · ca commutar (math: to be commutative) · pt comutar (math: to be commutative) · es indultar (legal: to reduce a sentence) · de austauschen (to put or substitute something else in place of) · ru коммутировать (math: to be commutative) · ru смягчать наказание (legal: to reduce a sentence) · de umstellen (math: to be commutative) · de umwandeln (to put or substitute something else in place of) · es conmutar (math: to be commutative) · de kommutieren (math: to be commutative) · de vertauschen (math: to be commutative) · sv kommutera (math: to be commutative) · fr commuter (math: to be commutative) · de austauschen (math: to be commutative) · fi maksaa kerralla (finance: to pay out the lump-sum present value) · bg заменям (to put or substitute something else in place of) · fi muuntaa (to put or substitute something else in place of) · ca commutar (to put or substitute something else in place of) · fi lieventää (legal: to reduce a sentence) · fi tinkiä (to obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution) · fi kommutoida (math: to be commutative) · da kommutere (math: to be commutative) · de umwandeln (finance: to pay out the lump-sum present value) · de abwandeln (legal: to reduce a sentence) · de herabsetzen (legal: to reduce a sentence) · de tauschen (math: to be commutative)