circulation en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ (US)
- (US) audio
- /ˌsɜː(ɹ).kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ (UK)
Etymology
From Middle English circulacioun, from Latin circulatio. Morphologically circulate + -ion.
Meanings
- (countable, uncountable) The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.
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(countable, uncountable) The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.
For example, by changing the use of existing rooms, removing or replacing unsightly features, clearing obstacles to easy circulation, rearranging direction signs and generally introducing as much order as possible, most outdated station buildings can be made reasonably efficient and attractive.
1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, page 252:
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(countable, uncountable) Currency; circulating coins; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.
The new bills will come into circulation next Friday.
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(countable, uncountable) The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measurement of diffusion, especially the number of copies sold of a publication.
June 1 2016, Karen Roberts in the Evening Express, Aberdeen Journals - The Broad Street Years The reputation and circulation of the paper continued to grow, and the board decided a new custom-built base was required for both the Press and Journal and Evening Express to replace the crumbling, but much loved, Broad Street offices.
Print circulation across the top 50 US magazines fell 5% year-on-year.
2025 March 7, Bron Maher, “Top 50 magazines in the US: The Atlantic is fastest growing title in second half of 2024”, in Press-Gazette:
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(countable, qualifier:strictly, uncountable) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.
In the dead state all is apparently without motion. No agent within indicates design, intelligence, or foresight: there is no respiration; no digestion, circulation, or nutrition; […]
1822, John Barclay, chapter I, in An Inquiry Into the Opinions, Ancient and Modern, Concerning Life and Organization, Edinburgh; London: Bell & Bradfute; Waugh & Innes; G. & W. B. Whittaker, section I, page 2:
- (countable, uncountable) The movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| circulations | Number=Plur | lexicographic |
Deriveds
Hadley circulation · collateral circulation · in circulation · pulmonary circulation · cocirculation · systemic circulation · malcirculation · circulation time · overcirculation · Langmuir circulation · noncirculation · circulation desk · circulationary · circulationist · cerebrocirculation · macrocirculation · coronary circulation · microcirculation · miscirculation · circulational · thermohaline circulation · circulationism
Descendants
Relateds
Translations (114)
bg обращение (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · id peredaran (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · mk кр́воток (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · fi käyttö (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · nn blodsirkulasjon (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · fr circulation (line integral along a closed path) · hu vérkeringés (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · fi pyöriminen (act of moving in a circle) · nl omloop (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · fa تیراژ (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · tr dönme (act of moving in a circle) · pt circulação (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · tr dolaşım (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · ms peredaran (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · hu keringés (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · bg кръвообращение (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · tr sirkülasyon (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · ota اداره (act of moving in a circle) · th การไหลเวียน (act of moving in a circle) · nn omløp (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · it circolazione (line integral along a closed path) · tr dolaşma (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · gd cuairteachadh (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · hu keringés (act of moving in a circle) · fi verenkierto (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · pt circundação (act of moving in a circle) · nl oplage (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · de Blutkreislauf (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · az dövran (act of moving in a circle) · cs cirkulace (act of moving in a circle) · nb omløp (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · id perputaran (act of moving in a circle) · mk кру́жење (act of moving in a circle) · es circulación (line integral along a closed path) · tr kan dolaşımı (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · gv kiarkley ny folley (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · ru кругово́е движе́ние (act of moving in a circle) · ota دوره (act of moving in a circle) · tr dolanım (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · es circulación (act of moving in a circle) · mk обиколу́вање (act of moving in a circle) · ru циркуля́ция (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · de Zirkulieren (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · el κυκλοφορία (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · de Umlaufen (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · th การหมุนเวียน (act of moving in a circle) · tr deveran (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · de Geldumlauf (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · nn sirkulasjon (act of moving in a circle) · bg кръжене (act of moving in a circle) · de Kreislauf (act of moving in a circle) · bg циркулация (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · cmn 發行量 /发行量 (the number of a newspaper or a magazine has been sold) · ru оборо́т (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · tr dolaşım (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · az dövriyyə (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · az qan dövranı (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · fi kiertoliike (act of moving in a circle) · ja 血液循環 (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · de Zirkulation (act of moving in a circle) · eo cirkulado (act of moving in a circle) · bg обикаляне (act of moving in a circle) · az dövran (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · mk про́мет (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · nb blodsirkulasjon (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · ca circulació (line integral along a closed path) · gv kiarkley (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · el κυκλοφορία (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · nb sirkulasjon (act of moving in a circle) · el κυκλοφορία (act of moving in a circle) · pt circulação (act of moving in a circle) · pt circulação (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · es circulación (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · cmn 血液循環 /血液循环 (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · mk циркула́ција (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · hu keringés (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · th การไหลเวียนของเลือด (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · cmn 銷售量 /销售量 (the number of a newspaper or a magazine has been sold) · pt circulação (line integral along a closed path) · gd cuairteachadh (act of moving in a circle) · mk обиколу́вање (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · mk о́птек (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · es circulación (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · es circulación (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · fr circulation (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · bg обикаляне (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · gl circulación (line integral along a closed path) · ru круговоро́т (act of moving in a circle) · mr रक्ताभिसरण (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · ru кровообраще́ние (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · es circulación (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · pt circulação (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · uk кровоо́біг (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · de Umlauf (act of moving in a circle) · fi levikki (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · tr deveranıdem (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · tr tedavül (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · mk циркула́ција (extent to which anything circulates or is circulated) · de Geldkreislauf (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · ast circulación (line integral along a closed path) · fi kiertäminen (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · tr sirkülasyon (movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system) · ru циркуля́ция (act of moving in a circle) · fi kierto (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · hu forgalom (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · af sirkulasie (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · fi liikenne (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · fi kiertokulku (act of moving in a circle) · de Geldzirkulation (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · ru оборо́т (act of passing from place to place or person to person) · fi liike (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · az dövriyyəsi (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · ru обраще́ние (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.) · az tədavül (currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.)