Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.
by gum en · ADV
Meanings
(New-Zealand, UK, not-comparable, qualifier:minced oath) by God
“You mean all’s lost?” I asked.
“Aye, by gum, I do!” he answered. 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
Couldn't hear the brass / Couldn't hear the drum / He was in a class by himself, by gum! 1937, Rodgers and Hart, “Johnny One Note”: