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Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

bivouac en · NOUN

Pronunciation

  • /ˈbɪv.u.æk/
  • (US) audio
  • /ˈbɪv.wæk/

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).

Meanings

  1. An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering.
    • Townsend hare inhabit this area, particularly above the cabin, and a skier is likely to have one explode from a tree well and disappear into the whiteness as he skis by. Life is a constant bivouac for them -- they spend days huddled in tree wells during storms -- but I suspect they are as content and warm in their luxurious coats as we are in a cabin. 2014, Patrick Armstrong, The Log of a Snow Survey, →ISBN:
  2. Any temporary encampment.
  3. A temporary shelter constructed generally for a few nights.
    • The outing begins by Thursday noon, when the recreational vehicles start rumbling into town and their owners set up bivouacs. September 23, 2005, Boston Globe:
    • Behold the Mansion reared by Dædal Jack! See the Malt stored in many a plethoric sack, In the proud cirque of Juan's bivouac! 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 63:
  4. (dated) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack.
  5. A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae.
    • Army ants (genus Eciton) migrating and gathering in a bivouac. 2026 July 8, “Observe an Eciton army ant colony migrating by night and forming a bivouac nest entirely out of themselves”, in Britannica:
    • High in the rafters, a bivouac of ants swayed uneasily in the draught created by the shutting of the heavy, old, wooden door. 2022, Ian D. Hall, Underneath, Beaten Track Publishing:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
bivvy alternative lexicographic
bihovac alternative, obsolete lexicographic
bivoac alternative, obsolete lexicographic
bivouack alternative lexicographic
bivouacs Number=Plur lexicographic
biouac alternative, obsolete lexicographic
bivy alternative lexicographic

Deriveds

bivouac sack · bivouac sheet

Translations (37)

mi tīhokahoka (temporary shelter for a few nights) · ca bivac (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · pl biwak (temporary shelter for a few nights) · bg бива́к (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · es vivac (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · fi leiri (any temporary encampment) · gl bivaque (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · fi leiri (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · tr açık ordugâh (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · da bivuak (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · sv bivack (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ro bivuac (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · it bivacco (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ja ビバーク (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · fr bivouac (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · mi māhauhau (temporary shelter for a few nights) · mi māhauhau (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · es vivaque (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · nl bivak (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · eo bivako (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · pl biwak (any temporary encampment) · mi tīhokahoka (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · pt bivaque (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ja 露営 (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · uk бівуа́к (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ru бива́к (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · mi pōrukuruku (temporary shelter for a few nights) · uk біва́к (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · cmn 露宿 (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · cs bivak (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · pl biwak (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · de Biwak (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · fi majoite (temporary shelter for a few nights) · cmn 野營 /野营 (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ru ла́герь (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · ru бивуа́к (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering) · cmn 露營 /露营 (encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering)

bivouac en · VERB

Pronunciation

  • /ˈbɪv.u.æk/
  • (US) audio
  • /ˈbɪv.wæk/

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).

Meanings

  1. (intransitive, transitive) To set up camp.
    • They reached the fir wood which had caused them so much trouble while it was still daylight, and bivouacked in a hollow just above it. It was tedious gathering the fire wood; […] 1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia:
    • We'll bivouac here tonight.
  2. (intransitive) To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.
  3. (intransitive) To encamp for the night without tents or covering.

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
bivoac alternative, obsolete lexicographic
bivouacing Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
bivouacking Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
bivouacked Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
bivouacked Tense=Past lexicographic
bivvy alternative lexicographic
bivouacs Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
bivouack alternative lexicographic
bivouacks Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
bivy alternative lexicographic
biouac alternative, obsolete lexicographic
bihovac alternative, obsolete lexicographic

Deriveds

bivouacer

Translations (10)

it attendarsi (to set up camp) · de biwakieren (to set up camp) · it campeggiare (to set up camp) · nl bivakkeren (to set up camp) · pl zabiwakować (to set up camp) · it accamparsi (to set up camp) · pt bivacar (to set up camp) · ca bivaquejar (to set up camp) · pl biwakować (to set up camp) · it bivaccare (to set up camp)