are en · VERB · etymology 1
Pronunciation
- /ɚ/ weak form
- /aʊɚ/ strong form
- /aʊə/ strong form
- är strong form
- /ə/ weak form
- /aː/ strong form
- /aɹ/ strong form
- /ɛə(ɹ)/ strong form
- /ɑː/ strong form
- /ɛː(ɹ)/ strong form
- /ɑɹ/ strong form
- /aɾ/ strong form
- /ɐː/ strong form
- (US) audio strong form
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *arun? Old English earon Middle English aren English are From Middle English aren, from Old English (Anglian) earun, earon (“are”, plural). Possibly reinforced by the Old Norse plural forms in er-, this displaced the alternative forms Old English sind and bēoþ. In the second person singular it displaced archaic art. Further etymology controversial: * The English forms, as well as the Old Swedish forms in ær-, could reflect Proto-Germanic preterite-present *ōr ~ *arum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ór-h₂e (“I have risen”, perfect). * Since they are not the expected outcomes of the Proto-Germanic forms of *wesaną (“to be”) in *iz-, they would have to be irregular alterations. For Seebold this explanation is still preferable as similar variants in other verbs are not uncommon.
Meanings
-
(form-of, present, second-person, singular) second-person singular simple present of be
form of be
Mary, where are you going?
-
(first-person, form-of, plural, present) first-person plural simple present of be
form of be
We are not coming.
Here we are!
2016, VOA Learning English (public domain):
-
(form-of, plural, present, second-person) second-person plural simple present of be
form of be
Mary and John, are you listening?
-
(form-of, plural, present, third-person) third-person plural simple present of be
form of be
They are here somewhere.
BEloued, beleeue not euery ſpirit, but trie the ſpirits, whether they are of God: becauſe many falſe prophets are gone out into the woꝛld.
1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 John 4:1:
-
(East, Midlands, Yorkshire, form-of, present) present of be
form of be
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| arn | alternative, dialectal, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| aren | alternative, dialectal, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| ar | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic |
Relateds
wast (other forms of verb be) · were (other forms of verb be) · been (other forms of verb be) · art (other forms of verb be) · wert (other forms of verb be) · am (other forms of verb be) · being (other forms of verb be) · is (other forms of verb be) · was (other forms of verb be) · beest (other forms of verb be) · be (other forms of verb be)