Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Germanic *in
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *ganganąder.?
Proto-Germanic *gagin
Proto-Germanic *in gagin
Proto-West Germanic *in gagin
Old English onġēan
Middle English agayn
English again
From Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic *in gagin, from Proto-Germanic *in gagin. Cognate with German entgegen (“contrary to”), North Frisian ijen (“against”), Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”), and Icelandic í gegnum (“through”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Germanic *in
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *ganganąder.?
Proto-Germanic *gagin
Proto-Germanic *in gagin
Proto-West Germanic *in gagin
Old English onġēan
Middle English agayn
English again
From Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic *in gagin, from Proto-Germanic *in gagin. Cognate with German entgegen (“contrary to”), North Frisian ijen (“against”), Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”), and Icelandic í gegnum (“through”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).
Meanings
(not-comparable) Another time: indicating a repeat of an action.
Johnny said, “Devil, just come on back if you ever want to try again / I done told you once, you son of a bitch, I’m the best that’s ever been.” 1979, Charles Edward Daniels et al., “The Devil Went Down to Georgia” (song), Million Mile Reflections, Charlie Daniels Band, Epic Records
I enjoyed it so much I went again the next day.
He tangled in tree-tops again and again / And barely missed hitting a tri-motored plane. 1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher), draft
The last sentence is so shocking, I have to read it again. 2010 October 30, Simon Hattenstone, The Guardian:
(not-comparable) Back (to a former place or state).
Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’[…].[…].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it. 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him. 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again;[…]. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition. 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
We need to bring the old customs to life again.
The South will rise again.
(not-comparable) Over and above a factor of one.
Cirri l-lxxx, 15, about 12mm. long; first two joints short, about twice as broad as long; third about one-third again [=one and one-third times] as long as broad; fourth and fifth the longest, about half again [=one and a half times] as long as broad;[…]. 1908 December 10, Austin H. Clark, “New Genera and Species of Crinoids”, in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume XXI, pages 229–230:
This stick is quite long, but that other one is half as long again.
(not-comparable) Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion.
Great, thanks again!
(not-comparable) Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. ▸ Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.
What's that called again?
(not-comparable) Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. ▸ I ask again, I say again; used in repeating a question or statement.
Again, I'm not criticizing, I just want to understand.
(not-comparable) Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. ▸ Here too, here also, in this case as well; used in applying a previously made point to a new instance; sometimes preceded by "here".
Approach B is better than approach A in many respects, but again, there are difficulties in implementing it.
A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire. 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
(not-comparable, obsolete) Back in the reverse direction, or to an original starting point.
Bring us word again.
And after they were warned in ther slepe, that they shulde not go ageyne to Herod, they retourned into ther awne countre another way. 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:
(not-comparable, obsolete) In return, as a reciprocal action; back.
As he lies in the light before a glaring white target, the black upon him shines again[…]. 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:
Thus men are plagued with women, they again with men, when they are of diverse humours and conditions[…]. 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 4, subsection vii:
So women are never angrie, but to the end a man should againe be angrie with them, therein imitating the lawes of Love. 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 31, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
(not-comparable, obsolete) In any other place.
There is not, in the world again, such a spring and seminary of brave military people as in England, Scotland, and Ireland. a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a Warre with Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany Works of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:
(not-comparable, obsolete) On the other hand.
The one is my sovereign[…]the other again is my kinsman. 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
(not-comparable) Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. 1835, John Herschel, A Treatise on Astronomy:
pdt wada (another time) · sga frithissi (back to a former place or state) · ta திரும்ப (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · pl od początku (another time) · scn arreri (another time) · sv igen (another time) · crh kene (another time) · fa از نو (another time) · ja 再度 (another time) · nrf acouo (another time) · sh ȍpēt (another time) · ta மறுபடியும் (back to a former place or state) · ta திரும்பவும் (in return) · es de nuevo (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nds-de wedder (back to a former place or state) · el ξανά (another time) · ka ისევ (another time) · es volver a (another time) · sa पुनर् (another time) · scn di novu (another time) · hu ismét (another time) · te మళ్లీ (another time) · ar مُجَدَّدًا (another time) · br adarre (another time) · pl jeszcze raz (another time) · ja 又 (another time) · ja もう一度 (another time) · got 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 (another time) · ta திரும்பவும் (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · yi צוריק (another time) · cmn 重新 (another time) · vi lại (another time) · uk ще раз (another time) · yi ווידער (back to a former place or state) · cic ano̠wa' (back to a former place or state) · tr yine (another time) · ru сно́ва (another time) · lad yene (another time) · arz كمان (another time) · ro iar (another time) · my နောက်တဖန် (another time) · rm puspe (another time) · nl opnieuw (another time) · my နောက်ထပ် (another time) · ast otra vegada (another time) · lt vėl (another time) · be зноў (another time) · bcl liwat (another time) · rm daniev (another time) · ckb ھەمدیس (another time) · ru наза́д (back to a former place or state) · el πάλι (another time) · ba йәнә (another time) · tpi gen (another time) · ru опя́ть (another time) · uk знов (another time) · tet fali (another time) · rm darcho (another time) · da igen (another time) · la iterum (another time) · tk baryp (another time) · kk тағы (another time) · sv igen (back to a former place or state) · sv igen (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nn igjen (another time) · fi ennalleen (back to a former place or state) · rm danovamaintg (another time) · ja あらためて (another time) · tl ano ulit (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · et jälle (another time) · mt darb’ oħra (another time) · hy կրկին (another time) · tg аз нав (another time) · nl weer (another time) · eo ankoraŭfoje (another time) · ckb دیسان (another time) · sh beše (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · tg боз (another time) · ba кире (back to a former place or state) · nv nááná (another time) · mi anō (another time) · ml വീണ്ടും (another time) · tl ano po (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · alt таа (another time) · atv паза (another time) · fr de nouveau (another time) · as আকৌ (another time) · sh pȍnovo (another time) · sc torra (another time) · gl outra vez (another time) · hy նորից (another time) · nrf co (another time) · sq përsëri (another time) · fi toistamiseen (another time) · ky кайтадан (another time) · cs opět (another time) · ky жаңыдан (another time) · shu بتان (another time) · pl ponownie (another time) · hu viszont (in return) · nl ook al weer (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · ja っけ (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · tl nanaman (another time) · is á ný (another time) · sk zasa (another time) · pl znowu (another time) · dng ю (another time) · ta மறுபடியும் (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · cic ano̠wa' (another time) · oc de nòu (another time) · it ri- (another time) · es nuevamente (another time) · ru обра́тно (back to a former place or state) · nds-de nochmaal (another time) · swb raha (another time) · km ទៀត (another time) · inc-oas পুনু (another time) · ka განმეორებით (another time) · cmn 再……一遍 (another time) · fi jälleen (another time) · bg повто́рно (another time) · pt outra vez (another time) · ar ثَانِيَةً (another time) · hi पुनः (another time) · oc encara (another time) · pl na nowo (another time) · ta மறுக்க (back to a former place or state) · ta மீண்டும் (another time) · nds-de wier (another time) · az yenə (another time) · sk znovu (another time) · ja 再び (another time) · ca una altra vegada (another time) · fo aftur (another time) · got 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 (back to a former place or state) · nah occeppa (another time) · hi दुबारा (another time) · es otra vez (another time) · ms lagi (another time) · id lagi (another time) · tr bir daha (another time) · dng зэ (another time) · fr déjà (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nb på nytt (another time) · chr ᎠᏏᏇ (another time) · rm puspei (another time) · fa باز (another time) · nn på nytt (another time) · io ankorfoye (another time) · sh беше (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · sk znova (another time) · cs zase (another time) · sh о̏пе̄т (another time) · uk зно́ву (another time) · hu vissza (back to a former place or state) · grc ἄνωθεν (another time) · rm puspè (another time) · ky дагы (another time) · ta திரும்ப (back to a former place or state) · nn på ny (another time) · ru говори́те (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · sl ponôvno (another time) · ca un altre cop (another time) · cmn 再 (another time) · ro din nou (another time) · az bir də (another time) · sk opäť (another time) · pt mesmo (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nds-de wedder (another time) · de nochmal (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · ur پھر (another time) · be яшчэ́ раз (another time) · gv reesht (another time) · acw مَرَّة ثانْية (another time) · yi ווידער (another time) · lad de muevo (another time) · kk қайта (another time) · de noch einmal (another time) · es tornar a (another time) · hu megint (another time) · dsb zasej (another time) · my ထပ် (another time) · yi נאָכאַמאָל (another time) · hi फिर (another time) · mr परत (another time) · af alweer (another time) · cy eto (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · tl ano (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · fi vielä kerran (another time) · ga arís (another time) · zza fına (diq) (another time) · haw hou (another time) · sga aithirriuch (another time) · nb igjen (another time) · rm danovmeing (another time) · tk ýene (another time) · lo ອີກ (another time) · de doch (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · uz qaytadan (another time) · ang eft (another time) · sh однова (another time) · tl ulit (another time) · fi taas (another time) · el ξανά (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · yi צוריק (back to a former place or state) · ckb دوبارھ (another time) · rm danöv (another time) · is aftur (back to a former place or state) · cy eto (another time) · tr yeniden (another time) · hu is (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · kk қайтадан (another time) · bcl giraray (another time) · pt de novo (another time) · gun jevy (another time) · hsb zaso (another time) · fa دوباره (another time) · arz تاني (another time) · te మరలా (another time) · ta திரும்பவும் (back to a former place or state) · mk пак (another time) · is aftur (another time) · scn donna vota (another time) · da nu (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · pt de volta (back to a former place or state) · sh snova (another time) · nl weer (back to a former place or state) · hi फिर से (another time) · ckt нэмэ (another time) · fa دگربار (another time) · cs znova (another time) · ta மீண்டும் (back to a former place or state) · ka ხელახლა (another time) · ur پھر سے (another time) · th อีก (another time) · yua ka’teen (another time) · ary عاود تاني (another time) · nds-de noch eenmaal (another time) · uz qayta (another time) · io itere (another time) · rm danovamain (another time) · uz yana (another time) · it ri- (back to a former place or state) · shi dax (another time) · la rūrsus (in return) · afb مرة ثانية (another time) · mn дахин (another time) · pl od nowa (another time) · pt novamente (another time) · sl spét (another time) · nds-de wier (back to a former place or state) · rm danievmeing (another time) · ba тағы берҙе (another time) · ko ᆻ죠 (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · ru ещё раз (another time) · ko ᆻ지 (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nl terug (back to a former place or state) · mww dua (another time) · hu vissza (in return) · rm darcheu (another time) · gd às ùr (another time) · grc πάλιν (another time) · ro iarăși (another time) · mn билээ (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · kmr dîsa (another time) · txb nano (another time) · de zurück (back to a former place or state) · rm danövmaing (another time) · ta திரும்ப (in return) · kk жаңадан (another time) · th ใหม่ (another time) · csm ˀičáˀ (another time) · nrf encouo (another time) · hu újra (another time) · sh по̏ново (another time) · alt база (another time) · la dēnuō (another time) · ga arís (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · nl nogmaals (another time) · eo denove (another time) · eo reen (back to a former place or state) · ta மறுக்க (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · ga athuair (another time) · az yenidən (another time) · ast de nuevo (another time) · cmn 又 (another time) · eu berriro (another time) · ko 다시 (another time) · de gleich (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · hy նորեն (another time) · sh odnova (another time) · inc-oas আৰকা (another time) · syl ꠢꠤꠞꠛꠣꠞ (another time) · ar مَرَّة أُخْرَى (another time) · tr gene (another time) · tr tekrar (another time) · alt јаҥыдаҥ (another time) · mnw ပၠန် (another time) · chr ᏏᏊ (another time) · fi taas (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · ps بيا (another time) · ast otra vez (another time) · ia de novo (another time) · ca de nou (another time) · fr encore (another time) · de wieder (back to a former place or state) · bg отно́во (another time) · mr पुन्हा (another time) · ar مِنْ جَدِيدٍ (another time) · fo umaftur (another time) · my ပြန်လှန် (another time) · ka კვლავ (another time) · he שֵׁנִית (another time) · mk повторно (another time) · fi uudestaan (back to a former place or state) · sl znôva (another time) · de wieder (another time) · clt pakhaa (another time) · km ម្ដងទៀត (another time) · hy էլի (another time) · chn weght (another time) · de noch (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · gv reeshtagh (another time) · ba тағы ла (another time) · ja また (another time) · cmn 來著 /来着 (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · kk жаңа (another time) · el πάλι (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten) · it di nuovo (another time) · lv atkal (another time) · ko 또 (another time) · av жеги (another time) · fi uudelleen (another time) · scn arrè (another time) · gd a-rithist (another time) · pl znów (another time) · ur دوبارہ (another time) · it ancora (another time) · hu már megint (another time) · az bir daha (another time) · sh снова (another time) · he שׁוּב (another time) · bg пак (another time) · tt кабаттан (another time) · nl alweer (another time) · tl muli (another time) · ta மறுபடியும் (another time) · fy wer (another time) · gl de novo (another time) · af weer (another time) · acw كمان (another time) · pl apiać (another time) · fi jälleen (back to a former place or state) · eo ree (another time) · ga arís (back to a former place or state) · bn আবার (another time) · es de nuevo (another time)