Skip to content
ontologydriven
Sign out

Dictionary

Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.

affray en · NOUN

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. The second part of this is in turn from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). More at free, friend.

Meanings

  1. (countable, uncountable) The act of suddenly disturbing anyone; an assault or attack.
    • A 22-year-old man was also arrested in connection with the incident for affray towards attending paramedics. 2015, 8 November, "Rugby league journalist Gary Carter critically ill after Bethnal Green attack", BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34755963
  2. (countable, uncountable) A tumultuous assault or quarrel.
    • The patient, who had a full view of the skirmish, was so tickled at the affray, that he burst into a laughter, which broke the quinsey, and cured him. 1847, editorial staff, “Battle With the Hasty Pudding”, in Scientific American, series 1, Volume 3, Issue 10, page 74:
  3. (countable, uncountable) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.
    • The affray in the busy marketplace caused great terror and disorder.
  4. (countable, obsolete, uncountable) Terror.
    • full of ghastly fright and cold affray 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
affrays Number=Plur lexicographic
afray alternative lexicographic

Relateds

fray

Synonyms

alarm · brawl · fray · fright · terror

Translations (17)

mi kekeritanga (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pt tumulto (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pl burda (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pt briga (a sudden assault or quarrel) · ca brega (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pt motim (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pt rixa (a sudden assault or quarrel) · bg сбиване (a sudden assault or quarrel) · fi rähäkkä (a sudden assault or quarrel) · it rissa (a sudden assault or quarrel) · fi rähinä (a sudden assault or quarrel) · ta கலாட்டா (a sudden assault or quarrel) · ta ரகளை (a sudden assault or quarrel) · fi kahakka (a sudden assault or quarrel) · ta தகராறு (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pt desordem (a sudden assault or quarrel) · pl awantura (a sudden assault or quarrel)

affray en · VERB

Pronunciation

Etymology

From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. The second part of this is in turn from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). More at free, friend.

Meanings

  1. (archaic, transitive) To startle from quiet; to alarm.
  2. (archaic, transitive) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.
    • That voice doth us affray. c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

Forms

SpellingFeaturesLabelsSource
affraying Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
affrays Number=Sing, Person=3, Tense=Pres lexicographic
affrayed Tense=Past, VerbForm=Part lexicographic
affrayed Tense=Past lexicographic
afray alternative lexicographic

Deriveds

affrayer

Relateds

afraid