Dictionary
Words, grammatical forms and meanings linked to the ontology.
accusative en · ADJ
Pronunciation
- /əˈkjuzətɪv/ (US)
- /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /əˈkjʉzətɪv/ (Scotland)
- /əˈkjʉːzətəv/ (New-Zealand)
- əkū'zətĭv (US)
- /əˈkjʉwzətɪv/ (British, Southern, Standard)
- (US) audio
- /əˈkɪʊzətɪv/ (Wales)
- /əˈkjʉːzətɪv/ (Australia)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Italic *kaussā
Old Latin caussa
Latin causa
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin accūsō
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Latin -īvus
Ancient Greek αἰτῐᾱτῐκή (aitĭātĭkḗ)calq.
Latin accūsātīvusder.
Anglo-Norman accusatifbor.
▲
Latin accūsātīvusder.
Middle French acusatifbor.
▲
Latin accūsātīvusbor.
Middle English accusative
English accusative
First attested in the mid 15th century. From Middle English accusative, from Anglo-Norman accusatif or Middle French acusatif or from Latin accūsātīvus (“having been blamed”), from accūsō (“to blame”). Equivalent to accuse + -ative. The Latin form is a mistranslation of the Ancient Greek grammatical term αἰτιᾱτική (aitiātikḗ, “expressing an effect”). This term actually comes from αἰτιᾱτός (aitiātós, “caused”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjective suffix), but was reanalyzed as coming from αἰτιᾱ- (aitiā-), the stem of the verb αἰτιάομαι (aitiáomai, “to blame”), + -τῐκός (-tĭkós, verbal adjective suffix).
Meanings
-
Producing accusations; in a manner that reflects a finding of fault or blame
The proprietor of the store was rude, insulting and accusative.
1984 April 14, William F. Orrell, “Bad Business”, in Gay Community News, page 4:This hath been a very accusative age.
1641 November 22, Edward Dering, a speech:
-
Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.
Forms
Deriveds
nonaccusative · accusativity · unaccusativity · unaccusative · accusatively · accusativeness · nominoaccusative
Synonyms
accusatorial · accusatory
Translations (74)
ru вини́тельный (related to accusative case) · uk знахі́дний (related to accusative case) · cmn 受格 (related to accusative case) · hu vádaskodó (producing accusations; accusatory) · es acusativo (producing accusations; accusatory) · ta இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை (producing accusations; accusatory) · tr aküzatif (related to accusative case) · cmn 對格 /对格 (related to accusative case) · cy cyhuddol (producing accusations; accusatory) · ro acuzator (producing accusations; accusatory) · pt acusatório (producing accusations; accusatory) · lv akuzatīvs (related to accusative case) · sl tožilniški (related to accusative case) · ga cuspóireach (related to accusative case) · cy gwrthrychol (related to accusative case) · gl acusativo (related to accusative case) · hy մեղադրական (producing accusations; accusatory) · id akusatif (related to accusative case) · pt acusativo (related to accusative case) · ka ბრალმდებლური (producing accusations; accusatory) · hy հայցական (related to accusative case) · ka ბრალდებითი (related to accusative case) · ca acusatiu (related to accusative case) · nb akkusativisk (related to accusative case) · nn akkusativisk (related to accusative case) · it accusativo (related to accusative case) · bg винителен (related to accusative case) · tr suçlayıcı (producing accusations; accusatory) · ja 対格の (related to accusative case) · pt acusativo (producing accusations; accusatory) · fi syyttävä (producing accusations; accusatory) · ka დამადანაშაულებელი (producing accusations; accusatory) · az təsirlik hal (related to accusative case) · et akusatiiv (related to accusative case) · eo akuzativa (related to accusative case) · eo akuza (producing accusations; accusatory) · tr -i hâli (related to accusative case) · grc αἰτιατική (related to accusative case) · ru обвини́тельный (producing accusations; accusatory) · el αιτιατική (related to accusative case) · cs akuzativ (related to accusative case) · ar مَنْصُوب (related to accusative case) · nl beschuldigend (producing accusations; accusatory) · nb anklagende (producing accusations; accusatory) · fi akkusatiivi- (related to accusative case) · ka ბრალდებითი (producing accusations; accusatory) · ang wrēġendlīċ (related to accusative case) · la accūsātīvus (related to accusative case) · pl biernikowy (related to accusative case) · ro acuzativ (producing accusations; accusatory) · ca acusatiu (producing accusations; accusatory) · be вінава́льны (related to accusative case) · ta இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை (related to accusative case) · gl acusativo (producing accusations; accusatory) · ga áinsíoch (related to accusative case) · nl accusatief (related to accusative case) · sv anklagande (producing accusations; accusatory) · fi syyttelevä (producing accusations; accusatory) · es acusativo (related to accusative case) · cmn 宾格 (related to accusative case) · ja 非難を表す (producing accusations; accusatory) · is þolfalls- (related to accusative case) · fr accusateur (producing accusations; accusatory) · sv ackusativ (related to accusative case) · is ásakandi (producing accusations; accusatory) · tr belirtme (hâli/durumu) (related to accusative case) · fr accusatif (related to accusative case) · ia accusative (related to accusative case) · cy cyhuddgar (producing accusations; accusatory) · hu tárgyesetben lévő/álló (related to accusative case) · de Akkusativ- (related to accusative case) · et sihitav (related to accusative case) · de akkusativisch (related to accusative case) · mr द्वितीया विभक्ती (related to accusative case)
accusative en · NOUN
Pronunciation
- /əˈkjuzətɪv/ (US)
- /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ (Received-Pronunciation)
- /əˈkjʉzətɪv/ (Scotland)
- /əˈkjʉːzətəv/ (New-Zealand)
- əkū'zətĭv (US)
- /əˈkjʉwzətɪv/ (British, Southern, Standard)
- (US) audio
- /əˈkɪʊzətɪv/ (Wales)
- /əˈkjʉːzətɪv/ (Australia)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Italic *kaussā
Old Latin caussa
Latin causa
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin accūsō
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Latin -īvus
Ancient Greek αἰτῐᾱτῐκή (aitĭātĭkḗ)calq.
Latin accūsātīvusder.
Anglo-Norman accusatifbor.
▲
Latin accūsātīvusder.
Middle French acusatifbor.
▲
Latin accūsātīvusbor.
Middle English accusative
English accusative
First attested in the mid 15th century. From Middle English accusative, from Anglo-Norman accusatif or Middle French acusatif or from Latin accūsātīvus (“having been blamed”), from accūsō (“to blame”). Equivalent to accuse + -ative. The Latin form is a mistranslation of the Ancient Greek grammatical term αἰτιᾱτική (aitiātikḗ, “expressing an effect”). This term actually comes from αἰτιᾱτός (aitiātós, “caused”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjective suffix), but was reanalyzed as coming from αἰτιᾱ- (aitiā-), the stem of the verb αἰτιάομαι (aitiáomai, “to blame”), + -τῐκός (-tĭkós, verbal adjective suffix).
Meanings
-
The accusative case.
-
A word inflected in the accusative case.
Romani distinguishes dative and accusative pronouns formally and some Romani dialects use accusatives in constructions in which other languages employ a dative.
2000, Mily Crevels, Peter Bakker, “External Possession in Romani”, in Viktor Elšík, Yaron Matras, editors, Grammatical Relations in Romani: The Noun Phrase (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science: Series IV – Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 211), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 181:There is some antecedent in old Latin; but as usual the influence is Greek too, for Greek prose and poetry freely use accusatives which are to some extent adverbial accusatives, or accusatives of respect.
1944, W[illiam] F[rancis] Jackson Knight, “Language, Verse, and Style”, in Roman Vergil (Peregrine Books), Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, published 1966, page 265:65 mošu tat̰ ās nōit̮ darəγəm yat̰ . . ‘quickly it (tat̰) happened, it (was) not long till . . . — drūm avantəm airištəm: according to Bartholomae IF. 12. 146 the author of this part was led to use accusatives here (instead of nominatives) by the preceding sentence yezi ǰum frapayeni.
1911, Hans Reichelt, Avesta Reader: Texts, Notes, Glossary and Index, Strassburg [Strasbourg]: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner, page 105:
Forms
Deriveds
genitive-accusative · accusative cognate · cognate accusative · accusative absolute · adverbial accusative
Synonyms
A. · acc.
Translations (97)
bn কর্ম কারক (accusative case) · cs čtvrtý pád (accusative case) · izh akkusativa (accusative case) · lt galininkas (accusative case) · sh акузатив (accusative case) · ca acusatiu (accusative case) · ml പ്രതിഗ്രാഹിക (accusative case) · nn underfall (accusative case) · sk štvrtý pád (accusative case) · da akkusativ (accusative case) · es caso acusativo (accusative case) · ca cas acusatiu (accusative case) · ia accusativo (accusative case) · grc αἰτιατική (accusative case) · fo hvønnfall (accusative case) · cs akuzativ (accusative case) · ga áinsí (accusative case) · pl accusativus (accusative case) · nl accusatief (accusative case) · la casus accusativus (accusative case) · cmn 宾格 (accusative case) · es acusativo (accusative case) · udm адӟон падеж (accusative case) · ast acusativu (accusative case) · cy gwrthrychol (accusative case) · pl akuzatyw (accusative case) · gu દ્વિતીયા (accusative case) · gl acusativo (accusative case) · ar مَنْصُوب (accusative case) · ko 대격 (accusative case) · vi đối cách (accusative case) · nn akkusativ (accusative case) · is þolfall (accusative case) · mn ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ (accusative case) · ro acuzativ (accusative case) · fi kohdanto (accusative case) · fr cas accusatif (accusative case) · uk знахі́дний (accusative case) · fy 4e fal (accusative case) · de Wenfall (accusative case) · sv ackusativ (accusative case) · ja 対格 (accusative case) · eo akuzativo (accusative case) · nl vierde naamval (accusative case) · cmn 第四格 (accusative case) · th กรรมการก (accusative case) · csb akùzatiw (accusative case) · vo kimifal (accusative case) · ug چۈشۈم كېلىش (accusative case) · ta இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை (accusative case) · ka აკუზატივი (accusative case) · nb akkusativ (accusative case) · fy akkusatyf (accusative case) · sq kallëzore (accusative case) · bg винителен падеж (accusative case) · se akkusatiiva (accusative case) · de vierter Fall (accusative case) · sga áinsid (accusative case) · ang wregendlic casus (accusative case) · te ద్వితీయా విభక్తి (accusative case) · fi akkusatiivi (accusative case) · vo kusatif (accusative case) · rue акузатів (accusative case) · sh akuzativ (accusative case) · hy հայցական (accusative case) · la incūsātīvus (accusative case) · hu accusativus (accusative case) · it accusativo (accusative case) · ka ბრალდებითი ბრუნვა (accusative case) · pl akuzatiwus (accusative case) · pt acusativo (accusative case) · mn заахын тийн ялгал (accusative case) · pl biernik (accusative case) · hy հայցական հոլով (accusative case) · ja ４格 (accusative case) · fr accusatif (accusative case) · kl akkusativi (accusative case) · cmn 受格 (accusative case) · be вінава́льны склон (accusative case) · udm адӟон вошъет (accusative case) · he יחס הפעול (accusative case) · cmn 對格 /对格 (accusative case) · uk знахі́дний відмі́нок (accusative case) · sl tožilnik (accusative case) · hu tárgyeset (accusative case) · mn заах тийн ялгал (accusative case) · ro caz acuzativ (accusative case) · el αιτιατική (accusative case) · be вінава́льны (accusative case) · kk табыс септік (accusative case) · sk akuzatív (accusative case) · hi द्वितीया विभक्ति (accusative case) · de Akkusativ (accusative case) · fy hwaenfal (accusative case) · csb winowôcz (accusative case) · mn ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ (accusative case) · ru вини́тельный паде́ж (accusative case)